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Cut it Up
Varun Vachhar
Director, UI Architecture at Rangle.io
✂️

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Cut it Up 2
Bundling
What is code splitting?
Splitting applications
Code splitting strategies
Optimizing lazy loading
Outline
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Bundling
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The process of compiling small pieces
of code into something larger and more
complex, such as a library or
application.
Bundling
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Task Runners
Bundling
Used to automate tasks in your
development workflow. You can use
them to process, concatenate and
minify assets of a certain type.
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Used to bundle several modules into
one or more optimized bundles for the
browser. Most notable bundlers are
Webpack, Parcel and Rollup.
Bundlers
Bundling
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Everything is a Module!
● All files – CSS, HTML, SCSS, PNG, etc.
● ES2015 import statements
● require() statements
● @import statement in stylesheets
● Image url in a stylesheet or HTML
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Bundling
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Less to Learn
CLIs make it easy to create an
application that works, right out of the
box and generates optimized bundles
which are ready to deploy.
Bundling
❯ vue create my-project
❯ npx create-react-app my-app
❯ ng new my-project
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Cut it Up Uniqlo Design System
Webpack
Bundling
Loaders 🖨🖨
Transform files into modules
Plugins 🔌
Customize or enhance the webpack
build process in a variety of ways.
module.exports = {
entry: '📄 Entry',
output: '📦 Output',
module: {
rules: ['🖨🖨
Loaders'],
},
plugins: ['🔌 Plugins'],
};

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What Is Code
Splitting?

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* The need for mobile speed: How mobile latency impacts publisher revenue
53%*
Of mobile site visits were abandoned if a
page took longer than 3 seconds to load.
Load Times
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Instead of shipping all the JavaScript to the user on
first load, split your bundle into multiple chunks
and only send what is necessary at the very
beginning.
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Code Splitting

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Code Splitting
HTML
Main JS Chunk
CSS
Lazy-load chunks
as the user navigates
chunk #1 chunk #2 chunk #3
interactive

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Splitting
Applications
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import math from './math';
document.getElementById('#calculate')
.addEventListener('click', e => {
e.preventDefault();
math.calculateResult();
});
Static Imports
main.js

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Dynamic Imports
document.getElementById('#calculate')
.addEventListener('click', e => {
e.preventDefault();
import('./math').then(math => {
math.calculateResult();
});
});
main.js
math.js

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When Webpack comes across the
import() syntax, it automatically starts
code-splitting your app.
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Code Splitting
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Static Components — React
import Photos from './Photos';
const Album = (
<div>
<Photos />
</div>
);

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Async Components — React
const Photos = React.lazy(() => import('./Photos'));
const Album = (
<div>
<Photos />
</div>
);

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Async Components — Vue
<template>
<div> <album></album> </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
components: { album: () => import('./Album') }
};
</script>

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Code Splitting
Strategies
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Code splitting requires a bit of extra
effort as you have to decide what and
where to split.
Bundling
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Great option to get started with code-
splitting.
Break the application into chunks per
route, and then load that chunk when
the user navigates to that route.
Route Based
Code Splitting Strategies
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about.js blog.jsmain.js
home.js

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const Home = React.lazy(() => import('./Home'));
const About = React.lazy(() => import('./About'));
const Blog = React.lazy(() => import('./Blog));
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Route Based Code-Splitting — React
const App = () => (
<Router>
<React.Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
<Switch>
<Route exact path="/" component={Home}/>
<Route path="/about" component={About}/>
<Route path="/blog" component={Blog}/>
</Switch>
</React.Suspense>
</Router>
);

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const Home = () => ({ component: import('./Home'), loading: Loader });
const About = () => ({ component: import('./About'), loading: Loader });
const Blog = () => ({ component: import('./Blog), loading: Loader });
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{ path: '/', component: Home },
{ path: '/about', component: About },
{ path: '/blog, component: Blog },
],
});
Route Based Code-Splitting — Vue

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Chunk Dependencies
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Automatically identifies modules which
should be split and avoids duplicated
dependencies across chunks.
Split Chunks Plugin
Code Splitting Strategies
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optimization: {
splitChunks: {
chunks: 'all',
name: false,
}
}

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Chunks are code which is broken apart from main bundle into their
own files.
● Vendor — dependency code coming from node_modules
● Common — code which is shared between different chunks
● Async — code which can be lazy-loaded
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Chunks
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Split components that load content on
demand or are hidden by default —
Tabs, Modals and Alerts
On-demand Content
Code Splitting Strategies
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Multi-step features such as checkout
flows which continue based clicks
should be split per step.
Isolate Process Flows
Code Splitting Strategies
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Optimizing
Lazy Loading
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A browser mechanism that prefetches
documents that the user might visit in
the near future
Prefetch
Optimizing Lazy Loading
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Detects visibility of an element
Intersection Observer
Optimizing Lazy Loading
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from Faster Page-Loads by Chidume Nnamdi
Optimistically & Idly
Prefetch Resources
An IntersectionObserver is
registered for all links
Waits until the browser is idle
Prefetches URLs to the links
Optimizing Lazy Loading
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Cut it Up
Or, use Quicklink
github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/quicklink
Optimizing Lazy Loading
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Cut it Up
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Your app was likely bootstrapped using a
CLI and using webpack for bundling.
Summary
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Do enable route based code-splitting and
consider splitting on-demand
components.
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Leverage the Split Chunks Plugin to avoid
duplication of code across chunks.
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Optimistically and idly prefetch the split
chunks.

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Thank you!
varun.ca
@winkerVSbecks

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Cut it Up Rangle.io