Water insulation

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Rajasthan ( INDIA)
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Damp & Water
INSULATION

Definitions
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
 Dampness
 The excess entry or penetration of moisture inside a
building through its
 Floors
 Walls and
 Roofs
is called Dampness.
Dampness is dangerous both for
Inmates
Building
 Due to dampness the building become unhygienic.
 Dampness in buildings is a risk factor for health
effects.

Definitions
 Peeling off
 This term is related to plaster and it means that
the plaster surface get disfigured.
 Blistered
 These term are related to Painting
 DPC (Damp proof course)
 It is a continuous layer of impervious material
between source of dampness and building
component

Types of Dampness
 Based on the movement of moisture the
dampness can be of the following three
types.
1. Rising or capillary dampness.
2. Falling or penetrating dampness.
3. Condensation dampness.

Causes of Dampness
 Following are the main causes of dampness
in a building
1. Rain penetration
2. Level of site
3. Drainability of the Soil
4. Climatic conditions
5. Defective Orientation
6. Entraped moisture in the building
7. Defective construction material
8. Defective construstion
9. Moisture originates in the building.

Causes of Dampness
1. Rain penetration
 It is the main source of dampness. Heavy rain of short
duration is less dangerous. rain water enters through
joints, cracks and porous bricks or stones.
1. Level of site
 Low laying building sites are effected by the depositing
surface water and underground water.
1. Drainability of the Soil
 Course grained soils like Sandy or gravely soils
provides good drainibility conditions and fine grained
soils like clay retain water and cause dampness.

Causes of Dampness
4. Climatic conditions
 In cold climatic condition dampness causes due
to condensation of water vapors.
4. Defective Orientation
 If building is exposed to direct rain showers and
less sun rays then it cause dampness.
4. Entrapped moisture in the building
1. Due Over soaked bricks and use of salty or
alkaline water results dampness in building.

Causes of Dampness
7. Defective construction material
 Porous bricks, soft stones, alkaline water etc.
cause dampness of building.
7. Defective construction
 Through defective joints of parapet, copping
and masonry joints moisture can enter in the
building.
7. Moisture originates in the building.
 It is due to the leakage through water supply or
sanitary system of building.

Effects of Dampness
 Following are the harmful effects of dampness in
buildings.
 Building become esthetically poor.
 It cause dry Rot to the wooden members provided in the
building.
 It cause corrosion of metals used in building.
 Plaster peels off.
 Paint blistered and bleached and the surface disfigured.
 Holes and pits are formed in topping of floors.
 Efflorescence occurs and bricks disintegrate and turn in to
powder.
 Un hygienic conditions in building.

Remedial Measures
 By Damp Proofing Courses (DPC)
 By surface treatment
 By water proofing construction
 By special devices/techniques

Damp proofing material
 Classification of Damp proofing material
 Qualities of a good Damp proofing Material
 Important places for Damp proofing materials.

Classification of Damp proofing material
Damp proofing material
Flexible Materials
Material which do not crack
and deform due to loadings.
Bitumen Mastic
(Mastic Asphalt
Bitumen felt
APP & SBS
Rigid Materials
Metal Sheets
Materials that cannot resist
transverse stresses.
Rich
Concrete
Mortar
Bricks
EPDM rubber Stone Slabs

ASPHALT, BITUMEN AND TAR
 Asphalt, bitumen and tar are
hydrocarbons.
 Asphalt and bitumen are
petroleum products
 Tar is a dark coloured product
obtained from destructive
distillation of organic
substances like coal, wood or
bituminous shales.
 Asphalt also appears in nature
as natural deposits.
Melted Bitumen

Mastic Asphalt
Asphalt: A mixture of bitumen and mineral filler. Note that Hot
Rolled Asphalt is a road surfacing material.
Mastic: An adhering asphalt which is placed with trowelling.
Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt usually
around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, This
thermoplastic substance and used in
waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground.
Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210
°C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an
impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.79 in)
thick.
Applied in hot state in 1” to 2” (2 cm to 5 cm)

Bitumen felt ( plastomeric system)
IS Code of Practice 1346
Many Type of Bituminuous sheet are used for water proofing
works mainly two type of plastic based bitumen sheet are available :
1.Traditional felt : Which is to be stuck to the surface to be waterproofed
with hot blown asphalt
2.Thermofusible film : sheet with underside of thermofusible film which
can be heated by gas flame torch and then stick to the hot surface.
Major disadvantage : most of these
membranes last only five to six
years and we have to remove old
and reinstall new system
MARKET PRODUCT :
UNIFELT : bituminous felt
UNIPLASTIFELT : It consists of a centre
core of 25 microns thick high molecular high
density polythyene film.
By UNITED TAR (P) LTD.
6 mm thick bitumen sheet available in roll
form

MODIFIED BITUMEN
modified bitumen= bitumen + plastic
There are two types :
1.APP ( Atactic Poly Propylene ) plastomer
2.SBS ( Sequenced Butadiene Styrene) elastomer
APP modified bitumen is generally stronger and stiffer the SBS modified
bitumen , which has greater flow for expansion and waterproofing
qualities
Both have high tolerance for UV rays
Its preferred over hot mastic asphalt / bitumen
Thickness: 2mm,3mm,4mm
MARKET PRODUCT :
NILOBIT-PM & NILOBIT-PN are Polyester
Reinforced Membrane
NILOBIT-FN is Fibreglass Reinforced Membrane.
By UNITED TAR (P) LTD.

Lead, copper, Aluminum sheets
Insulation sheet with Aluminum
1.water,sound and fire proof
2.closed-cell flexible
3.Low thermal conductivity
aluminum flex sheet and roll insulation is a flexible, elastomeric thermal
insulation, black in color. It is furnished with a smooth skin on one side which
forms the outer exposed insulation surface.
Lead can react chemically with cement
Lead should be laid in lime mortar.
Minimum thickness of copper sheets should be 3 mm

EPDM rubber
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a synthetic
rubber most commonly used in single-ply roofing
because it is readily available and relatively simple to
apply. EPDM as a roofing membrane has advanced
significantly over recent years. Problems previously
associated with it included moisture gain under the
membrane by vapour drive (occurring on roofs with air
conditioned space beneath), and that EPDM did not
like to adhere to itself and seam problems occurred.
Simply adding a vapour barrier will help to resolve
vapour drive.
MARKET PRODUCT :
STARSEAL 100 by STAR COATING &
MEMBRANES PVT. LTD.
POLY FLEX by M/s. POLY RUBBER PRODUCTS

Rigid Materials
 Rich Concrete
 1” to 2-1/2” thick layer of P.C.C (1:2:4) painted with hot
bitumen is applied
 Mortar
 Rich or fat cement mortar (1:3) is laid in ¾” thickness (2
cm) as vertical DPC.
 Painted with bitumen
 Bricks
 Over burnt bricks are used in two layers in (1:3) mortar
 Stone Slabs
 Two layers of stone slabs in lime cement and sand
mortar (1:1:6) is provided in areas where stone is easily
available.

Qualities of a good Damp proofing
Material
1. Impervious
2. Durable
3. Non disintegratable
4. Stable under the loading
5. Level finish
6. Full coverage of wall thickness
7. Availability
8. Economical

Important places for Damp proofing
materials
 At Plinth Level (in walls ) (external & Internal)
 Parapet walls
 Window sill
 Basements and Under ground Floors

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Water insulation

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