my final presentation of 1st semester m.com

2. ASSIGNMENT #2:
MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE (8506)
PREPARED BY:
MUHAMMAD.FAZEEL.AYAZ
ROLL NUMBER: AM552472
SIGNATURE:

3. DEDICATION And ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO ;
• First of all to the praise is for Allah, the most merciful
and beneficent, who blessed
me with the knowledge, gave me the courage and
allowed me to accomplish this task.
• After ALLAH, is the last prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)
who brought for us exposure and unlimited
knowledge.
• I dedicate this report to my parents and friends
in recognition of their worth and to my teachers.

4. Executive summary
• According to my roll number my topic
of assignment #2 is ” Select a
multinational company and study its
organizational structure in detail”.
• So, I select COMSATS. It is a
multinational and semi-government
organization. COMSATS has number of
technical and scientific projects
including COMSATS Internet Services
(CIS).

5. Introduction to the topic
Organizational structure and design:
• Organizing the process
by which
managers establish
working relationships
among employees to
achieve goals.
• Organizational design
The process by which
managers create a specific
type of organizational
structure and culture so
that a company can
operate in the most
efficient and effective way.

6. Six Key Elements of Organization Structure:
An organization structure defines how job
tasks are formally divided, grouped and
coordinated. There are six elements that
mangers need to address when they design
their organization’s structure. These are :
 a) Work specialization.
 b) Departmentalization.
 c) Chain of command.
 d) Span of control.
 e) Centralization & Decentralization.
 f) Formalization

7. (a)Work Specialization or division of labor:
• Work Specialization
– The degree to which
tasks in the organization
are divided into separate
jobs with each step
completed by a different
person.

8. b) Departmentalization.
 Once the jobs have been divided through work
specialization, these jobs have to be grouped together so
that common tasks can be coordinated. The basis by
which jobs are grouped together is called
departmentalization.

9. Departmentalization by Type
•Functional
Grouping jobs by functions performed
•Product
Grouping jobs by product line
•Geographical
Grouping jobs on the basis of territory or geography
Functional Departmentalization
Geographic Departmentalization
organization Departmentalization Product Departmentalization
Structure
Process Departmentalization
Customer Departmentalization

10. •Process
Grouping jobs on the
basis of product or
customer flow
•Customer
Grouping jobs by type of
customer and needs

11. c) Chain of command.
– The continuous line of authority that extends from
upper levels of an organization to the lowest levels of
the organization and clarifies who reports to whom.
d) Span of control.
–The number of employees who can be effectively
and efficiently supervised by a manager. Span of
control is important because, to a large degree, it
determines the number of levels and managers and
organization has all things being equal the wider or
larger the span, the more efficient the organization.

12. (e) Centralization and Decentralization :
Centralization refers to the
degree to which decision making
is concentrated at a single point
in the organization.
Decentralized system is one
which requires multiple parties
to make their own independent
decisions. In such a decentralized
system, there is no single
centralized authority that makes
decisions on behalf of all the
parties.

13. f) Formalization
Formalization
– The degree to which jobs within the
organization are standardized and the
extent to which employee behavior is
guided by rules and procedures.

14. A rigid and tightly controlled Highly flexible and adaptable
structure structure

15. Common Organization design:
During construction of organization’s structure,
managers have multiple options to choose such a
structure that helps there organization’s nature. It
should be concise in to two main categories:
1. Traditional organization structure:
a)Simple structure
b)Functional Structure
c) Divisional structure
2. Contemporary organization structure:
a) Team structure:
b) Matrix organization
c) Boundary-free structure:

16. Introduction to the COMSATS International. Co :
• COMSATS Internet Services (CIS) is one of its projects which started its
operations in 1996. CIS is the pioneer ISP of Pakistan when it launched Internet
services for the first time in the country then and is now successfully operating
in 7 major cities of Pakistan including:
» Islamabad
» Rawalpindi
» Peshawar
» Lahore
» Karachi
» Faisalabad
» Sialkot
Brief Introduction of Sialkot Branchnode:
COMSATS office is located at 2,
1st Floor, Uberoi Building Paris Road Sialkot, Pakistan. It has
mainly five departments Billing, Customer Support, DSL, Wireless
and Technician Departments.

17. Divisional structure OF COMSAT.co

18. Product or Departmental organization structure:

19. Merits, Demerits, deficiencies or strength of COMSATS.CO’s
Organizational Structure:
Merits:
Merits of COMSAT Company’s organizational structures (Divisional and product) are following:
These adopted structures divide the COMSAT according to the type of work, region, and
product. Because of these divisions, it is very easy for management or super-authorities to
check and manage each region or divisions; they can plan better strategies and plans to get
maximum progress. These structures allows for flexibility and quick response to
environmental changes in Pakistan..
Demerits:
A divisional structure also has weaknesses. COMSAT structure has disadvantage that allow office
politics .These structures result in duplication of resources because, for example we need to
have equipment, for each division.
Deficiencies of COMSAT. Co:
• Because or COMSAT’s divisional structure, team working is minimum.
• Late Decision Making
• not learning organization
• No formal training programs
Strengths of COMSAT.CO’s organization structure:
Well organized departments
Strong interdepartmental relationship
Highly motivated workforce

20. According to my conclusion, COMSATS Internet Services is the oldest internet
provider in Sialkot and also in Pakistan.
Advance technology, machinery compatible organization structures, inter-
organization better communication prove competitive edge over its
competitors. The thinking approach towards betterment of managerial
skills by adoption of favorable organization structure increase COMSAT’s
value in mind of employees as well as in costumers.
•It should promote team work within organization.
•It should try to establish its own brand name.
•It should increase team work in organization.
• It should adopt modren organization structures.

21. Annexes:
• I have used the following supportive material for the
preparation of my report.
• Questionnaires:
• Department Name
• Employee Name
• Employee Designation
• Employee Performance
• Employee Responsibilities
• Employee Suggestions