It is one of the article that being discussed in Comparative Politics and Governance

1. STATE EFFECTIVENESS
AND
DEMOCRACY
“In framing the government which to be administer
by men over men, the great difficult lies in this: you
must first enable the government to control the
governed; and in the next place oblige it to control
itself.”
Madison: The Federalist, No. 51

2. Democracy
Democracy as a type of Regime
“Enables the people to manage power relations
and thus control rulers.”
2 criteria for power relations:
Inclusiveness – Participation or more precisely, the
right for virtually all adults to vote and contest office.
Public Contestation – Opposition rights or creating
institutionalized channels for meaningful opposition by those
who are adversely affected by government policies.

3. Democracy as a Form of
Governance
“Without an effective state, no democracy is
meaningful”
“Four stages of Democratic Representation”: pre-
voting, voting, post-voting and inter-election period
(Shapiro 2001)
“DEMOCRATIZATION”
Two Separate process: a process of
transition from a non-democratic regime to a
more or less democratic one as well as
process of state building or rebuilding.
(Rose, 333)

4. STATE EFFECTIVENESS
Six most critical functions in a effective
states:
1. To monopolize the legitimate use of
violence.
2. To extract resources.
3. To shape national identity and mobilize
consent.
4. To regulate the society and economy.
Despotic powers
“Intrusiveness or
extensiveness”
Infrastructural power
“Penetrate civil society
and political decision.”

5. 1. The capacity to monopolize the legitimate use of violence
To counter external threat to the sovereignty and
internal threat to social order. Through armed forces and
police forces to defend against foreign invasion and to prevent
and punish social unrest.
2. The capacity to extract resources
“Financial means are the nerves of the state “
-(Cited from Kugler & Domke 1986: 45)-
3. The capacity to shape a national identity and
mobilize consent
Formation of national identity is very important
because it could be a powerful centrifugal force.

6. 4. The capacity to regulate the society and
economy
It is the ability of the state to change and
subordinate behavior of individuals and groups .
5. The capacity to maintain internal coherence of
state institutions
To develop all the need of the state like collection of
taxes, national identity, inculcate official ideology into citizens, to
control externalities of the market etc. the state must be backed
up by an effective bureaucracy.
6. The capacity to distribute resources
Refers to the authoritative redistribution of scarce
resources between differences social groups.

7. Why is an effective State a Prerequisite of
Sustainable Democracy ?
For a democracy to work and last, there must
exist an effective state that is capable of
performing the following task:
1.To define the political community within which
democracy operates.
2. To protect citizens basic rights.
3. To create and maintain a rule-based policy
4. To vitalize civil society.
5. To meet peoples’ basic demands.

8. Three characteristics of effective rules for future
courses:
1. Rules should clear, general and inclusive.
2. Rules are ex ante restrictions that bind the ex post
behavior of all parties.
3. Rules must be enforced in such ways that ensure
compliance.The state and civil society is one of mutual
empowerment or synergy. This two are interrelated in
many ways:
1. At best, civil society can act as a counter weight to
the leviathan state power.
2. When civil society acts as a counter weight to the
state power, it should check and limit the despotic but
not infrastructural power of the state.
3. It makes sense for civil society to aim the state as an
object of its efforts only when the state is an effective
one.

9. 4. Only robust society can provide an arena in which
society can operate.(Motyl 1993)
5. Civil society can improve the ability of the state to
govern. When the civil society and state are relative
strong
Three reasons why democracy should provide
basic public goods and services:
1st many people embrace democracy not for sake of
democracy but as a solution for the crisis.
2nd it is likely to heighten political and social
citizenship.
3rd democracy itself offers people more freedoms,
opportunities, and power to push for policy changes.

10. How Does State Effectiveness Affect Democratic
Consolidation?
Preposition 1: There may be any specific
preconditions for democratization.
Preposition 2: Democratic consolidation is more likely to be
successful where state and regime was distinguished from
one another under old regime.
Preposition 3: The more disruptive the transitions process
is, the more difficult it is to consolidate democracy.
Preposition 4: The more heterogeneous a society is,
the more difficult it is to consolidate democracy
Preposition 5: The larger state size is, the more
difficult it is to consolidate democracy