Approaches to Language Testing -Essay-Translation Approach -Structuralist Approach -Integrative Approach -Communicative Approach

1. APPROACHES
TO LANGUAGE
TESTING

2. APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE TESTING
ESSAY-TRANSLATION APPROACH
STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH

3. ESSAY-TRANSLATION APPROACH
 Pre-scientific stage of language
testing;
 No special skill or expertise in
testing is required;
 Subjective judgment of the
teacher is considered to be of
paramount importance;

4. ESSAY-TRANSLATION APPROACHESSAY-TRANSLATION APPROACH
Tests usually consists of essay
writing, translation, and grammatical
analysis;
The tests have heavy literary and
cultural bias.

5. STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
 Chiefly concerned with the
systematic acquisition of a set of
habits;
 Gives importance to contrastive
analysis and learner’s mastery of
the separate elements of the target
language: phonology, vocabulary
and grammar;

6. STRUCTURALIST APPROACH
The skills of listening, speaking,
reading and writing are tested
separately or one thing at a time;
 The psychometric approach to
measurement is emphasized
(objective/multiple-choice test).

7. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Involve the testing of language in
context;
Concerned primarily with meaning;
Assess the learner’s ability to use
two or more skills simultaneously;

8. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Involves functional language;
Characterized by the use of
cloze testing and dictation, also
oral interviews, translation and
essay writing.