1. -
-
pointers
long ---
long bone, flat bone, cubic bone bones
epiphysis 
shaft long bones- diaphysis 
longbones
cubicbones-
- -
flat/irregularbone
articularcartilage
peri -- os periosteum
fibroustissue --
elasticfibers
1

2. -
vascularization
nutrientartery
-
innervation
2

3. -
-
--
fibula tibia
-
-
compactbone
3

4. corticalbone
--spongybone
trabecula
spongy bone-
-
shaft
metapysis
endosteum
medullarycavity
- bonemarrow osteomedulla
---
long
cubic bones short bones bones
flate bones
4

5. --
articulation/joint --
-----
sternum
wrist
-
5

6. -
-
-
ballandsocket
acetabulum socket
sliding gliding ----
(trochlea)
sliding gliding
6

7. flexion
extension
extension- flexion sliding
Facet
-
facet ulna
-- Pivot
C1 axis- C2

gliding
epiphysis- articularcartilage
articular
- hyalinecartilage cartilage
--
ball
7

8. socket- and socket
intraarticularspace
-
articular capsule
-
----
extracapsular #
intracapsularfracture
8

9. ---
osteoarthritis
osteomyelitis
--
ligament
tendon -- Ligament
CapsularLigaments
9

10. scapula clavicle-
---
Accessory Ligaments
capsularligaments
sprain
-
-- Avulsion Fracture
intra-articular space
Synovial
Membrane
intra articular - Synovia
- space
10

11. -
-
intra articular -
space
articular -
fibrocartilage disc
-
sternoclavicularjoint
insertion - origin
-
-
11

12. --
Thorax
pulmonaryaa. / v. –-- 
(IVC&SVC Inferior&SuperiorVenaCava

(thoracicspinalcord) T1-T12 
parasympatheticnerves (Vagus) thoracicsymphathetictrunk (DRG
-- 
T
T
thoracicduct lymphnodes --- 
esophagus 

T1-T12 ----
sternum
true
false
floating
- -
--
spinous
-- sternum
jugularnotch- manubrium
- body- T2
12

13. xiphoidprocess
xiphiloid --
body- sternumangle-
T2 sternal angle-
- SuperiorThoracicAperture
SVC
inlet
T1
13

14. -- –InferiorThoracicAperture
Xiphoid- T12 costalmargin
IVC --
- MidSternalLine 
- MidClavicularLine 
- MidAxillaryLine 
jugularnotch
thoracic -- SternalAngle
duct
14

15. -
-
T1 & C7-- spinousprocess-
T10-11
sparecapacity -- recess
recess
-
apexoflung-
-- -
15

16. apex midsternalline-
mid sternal line -- -
-
-
--
externalintercostalmuscles 
external ---
internalintercostalmuscles 
internal ---
innermostintercostalmuscles 
--
major/ minorpectoralis
16

17. oblique
-
internal- external
groove Vein, Artery, Nerve -- VAN
VAN --
--
- VAN- VAN- costal groove
innermost- internal
internal thoracic -
- artery
groove -
--Inferiorandsuperiorvenacava
T1-T12 -- CNS
Dorsal Root - CNS -- PNS
Ganglia
17

18. ---
CNS
--
----
- post- post- pre
-
18

19. - -
serous membrane ---
parietal pleura
interlobal - visceral pleura
-fissures
-
-
19

20. pleural effusion
Costal pleura
apex- costal pleura- Cervical pleura
neck-
superpleural membrane
transverse -
C7 process
scalenous -
muscle
scalenus
transverse - minimus muscle
C7 process
cervical membrane-
root of lung- Mediastinal pleura
Pulmanory hilus-
Pulmonary -
pulmonary veins bronchus aretery
inferior lobe- suprior lobe-
hilus-
lymph nodes Hilus-
- pulmonary nerve plexus
20

21. root of - mediastunum-
root of lung- lung
root -
visceral pleura- of lung
esophagous
pulmonary visceral pleura-
ligament
-
Hilus
Diaphragmatic pleura
costophrenic
angle
pleural cavity-
-Pleumothorax
-
-
- visceral pleura-
21

22. collapse
-plleuromediastunum
Pleural effusion
-
- sternal angle-
manubrium
midline -- trachea-
bronchi- carina-
elastic
fibrous membrane
22

23. longitudinal fibers
elastic fiberstransverse
- transverse fibers- fibrous
longitudinal
– mucus membrane-
-- Carina
mainbronchus brunchi right&LeftPrincipalBronchus
endotrachial tube
bronchus-
-- right principal bronchus-
-
right main bronchus-
- superiorlobebronchus
lobarbronchi
-
Segmental Bronchi-
apex apicalsegmentalbronchus-
posteriorsegmentalbronchus
---
- superior- lateral posterior
posterior lateral inferior inferior
23

24. - superiorlobeBronchus-
anteriorsegmentalbronchus
lateral anterior
superiorlobebronchus-
lobe bronchus - main right bronchus-
middle lobe bronchus- middle lobe bronchus --
lateral medial segmentalbronchi
- middle lobe bronchu-
epicalbasal segmentalbronchus rightbronchus
inferiorlobe- epicalsegmentalbronchusofinferiorlobe
middlelobe- rightbronchus-
medialsegmentalbronchusofinferiorlobe/medialbasalsegmentalbronchus
- right bronchus-
posteriorbasal
- anteriorbasal
lateralbasal
leftprincipalbronchus-
superiorlobarbronchus
- superiordivision
- superiorlobebronchus- superior division- inferiordivision
anteriorsegmentalbronchus superior division
apicoposterior- apicoposterior
apicalsegmental- posteriorsegmental-
lingularbronchus -- inferior division-
Middlelobebronchus
medial- middle lobe
inferiorlingular- superiorlingular- lingular- lateral-
superior lobe bronchus-
-
middle lobe- lingular bronchus- superior division
24

25. superior lobe -
lingular bronchus
lingularpneumonia -
left bronchus-
medialbasalbronchus
-- bronchi-
bronchioli
terminalbronchiolus
alveoli
- alveoli alveolarsac
alveolar sacs
- lobulus alveolar sacs
lobulus
lobulus lobules
broncho-
pulmonarysegment
segmental segmental bronchus
- broncho pulmonary segment bronchus
medial basal

lobe
superior lobe
- superior inferior lobe middle lobe
lingular- middle- inferior
horizontal- oblique interlobarfissure
obliquefissure
pulmonary hilus pulmonaryHilus --
2pulmonaryveins- principalbronchi- pulmonaryartery
25

26. -
inferior middle -- superior
pulmonarynerveplexus hilus- lobe
- principal bronchus- anterior- posterior anterior
- anterior- posterior- principal bronchus- posterior
lymph - lymphnodes hilus
nodes
-
 --
explorative laparotomy
MRI
Glandulartissue 
AreolarTissue 
FibrousTissue 
FattyTissue 

26

27. superficial fascia-
---
mid axillary line-
-
) axilla- Axillary Tail
pectoral lymph nodes- deep fascia-
---
- pectoralis major- deep fascia-
- external oblique aponeurosis- serratus anterior
-
27

28. deep -
loose areolar tissue fascia
Mamma submammaryspace RertomammarySpace
retromammary -
space
retromammary space-
pectoralis major- deep fascia-
pectoralis major-
pectoralis major-
--
pectoralis major- axillary tail
--- Nipple-
lactiferousducts
sinusoflactiferousduct
- circularfibers - nipple
- erection longitudinalfibers
- nipple
nipple- retraction longitudinal fibers-
retracted nipple-
28

29. retracted
retraction erection
-- Areola nipple-
areola
- areola-
areolarglands areola
areola-
- nipple-
areola
areolar -
glands
- I.V.
sebaceousglands areolar glands
---
sweatglands areolar glands
sebaceous glands- sweat glands areolar glands-
subcutaneous fat
pectoralis major- deep fascia --
Cooper suspensoryligaments
areola- nipple-
suspensory -
ligaments
suspensory ligaments- fibrous tissue contractures
29

30. glandulartissue-
- subareolarspace-
deep
- alveolus alveoli-
- lobules lobulus alveoli alveoli
areolartissue lobules lobules
areolar tissue lobe- lobe
lobulus
- lobe
lactiferousducts -- lobes
lobe- lactiferous ducts
lactiferous ducts-
lactiferous ducts
--
pectoralis major- retromammary space
-
30

31. alveoli- lobules- lobe
areolar tissue lactiferous duct-
elasticfibers
transverse longitudinal
basementmembrane
myoepithelialcells
columnarepithelium
columnar epithelium-
sinus- nipple-
stratifiedsquamousepithelium-
columnar
stratified squamous epithelium epithelium
alveoli-
-
- hypothalamus
oxytocin hypothalamus
myoepithelial -
cells
Oesterogens
corpusluteum- progesterone
lactiferous - alveoli
pseudo-alveoli glandular- ducts
alveoli
placenta- corpus luteum-
31

32. prolactin
GrowthHormone
growth -
hormone
adenohypophysis-
hibernate alveoli-
menopause-
– alveoly
-
-
Witches' Milk
-
--- axillary artery-
thoraco-acromial superiorthoracic, lateralthoracic
--- anteriorintercostalarteries
internal/mammarythoracicartery
anterior thoracic arteries
32

33. - axillaryvein- areola- venouscircle
internalthoracicvein
T4-6-
-
axillarylymphnodes- superficial lymph nodes- lymph nodes
deep lymph nodes
axillary lymph nodes-
-- Axial/Apical
lateral
central lateral -
posterior sub-scapular
pectoral lymph -
anterior axillary tail- nodes
lymph -
lymphaticducts nodes
-- Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
in situ ducts-
myoepithelial cells-
myoepithelial cells-
DCIS myoepithelial cells-
myoepithelial cells -- Infiltrate/Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
33

34. MRI
--
Pectoralis Major -- Mastectomy
- Lumpectomy
lymph - axilla-
lymph nodes- nodes
lymphatic -
ducts
sentinal node-
lymph -
lymph - node
node
lymph node
34

35. -
-
-
vertebra
-coelomic
1. cavity 3.
aorta Pleura
gut
Coelomic cavity Dorsal
mesocardium
Coelomic wall
Pleura Hearttube Visceral Parietal
pericardium pericardium
. 4.
parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium
35

36. transverse sinus
pulmonary vein (4), superior & inferior vena pulmonary trunk aorta
apex- cava
oblique sinus
----
transverse sinus
fibrous pericardium
----
left auricle
coronary sinus
SA node crista terminalis
LA
RA
V
36

37. (fossa ovalis)
--
-
interventricularseptum) -
pulmonary - aorta-
trunk
-
membranous intraventricular septum
blue babies
pulmonary trunk --
left subclavian artery
left pulmonary artery
37

38. CO2
pulmonary trunk --Ligamentum arteriosum
cusps
cusps--
right auricle ---------Right coronary artery Right & left coronary sinus
Left coronary artery
left anterior descending left auricle
circumflex branch
circumflex - AV node
branch of left coronary artery
--Coronary sinus
anterior cardiac veins
coronary artery-
:
-
----
38

39. -
-
--
-
--
-
-
-
Trans-
Esophageal Echo
-
39

40. -
parietal pleura Parietal Pericardium---
pulmonary trunk- SVC --
Fibrous Pericardium-
epicardial Visceral Pericardium--
C3, C4, C5 phrenic-
parietal pericardium-
-
Myocardium
40

41. 4Valves
ConductionSystem
ion flux
Coronary A&V BloodSupply
-
-- -
SinusVenarum Sinus Venosus
-- rightauricle-
CristaTerminallis
-
SVC 
--- IVC 
Coronary Venous Sinus 
right atrio-ventricular canal 
Foramen Ovale -- Fossa Ovale 
tricuspid -
-----
41

42. -- ForamenOvale-
Septum
Septum Secundum- Primum
ChordaeTendineae --
papillarymuscles
SinusArteriosus TrabeculaeCarnae
Trabeculae Carnae
AorticVestibule
42

43. leftauricle -
-
Pulmonary Trunk-
cusps PulmonaricValve
-- AorticValve-
right&left - cusp
coronary arteries
-
mitral- tricuspid-
-
septum
-
-
43

44. SANode-
SVC-
-
- AV Node-
Common Bundle Of AV Node- coronary venous sinus
crux- Hiss
- RightBundle
- LeftBundle
bundles
PurkinjeFibers
-
RCA LCA --
- LCA- LCA- cusp-
- interventricular groove- LAD
coronary - LeftCurcumflexCA
- groove
LeftMarginalArtery
44

45. ,coronary cusp- RCA-
groove
- rightmarginalbranch
interventricular - posteriordescending- circumflex
apex- LAD- groove
- left circumflex- right posterior descending- LAD-
RCA
-
-
-
VITAMINC: Vascular, Infectious, Traumatic,
Autoimmune, Metabolic, Idiopathic, Neoplastic, Congenital
45

46. ---- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 
mitral regurgitation
Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
Sterling
Sterling
Congestive Heart
Failure
- VITAMINC
Endocarditis 
Aortic & Mitral Stenosis + Regurgitation 
Rheumatic Heart Disease
A -
46

47. --
Arrhythmia
Coronary Artery disease ---
-
elastic lamina -- TunicaIntima
-- TunicaMedia
TunicaAdventitia
-------
- tunica media-
intima
47

48. --
Angina Pectoris
-
collaterals --
lumen
-
PlaqueRupture
thrombus
48

49. -
Acute Thrombotic Occlusion
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Streptokinase
Balloon Angioplasty -- slow atheriosclerotic occlusion
--- --
--
-----
internal thoracic
internal -
thoracic
-
-
--
49

50. -- LAD
LAD
-
-
X- Ray ---------X- Ray
CT
MRI
-
----
50

51. -
---
chordae tendinae
-
--
aortic stenosis
--
SA node
left & right bundle - AV node-
branches
-- AV Node-
Sick sinus syndrome AV Node-
AV-
---
IVC
51

52. -
Atherothrombosis
Plaque rupture
CVA
VF
52

53. Werner Forssmann
- Aortic Stenosis
-------------
-Cleft mitral valve
-
--
- condacting air ways
respiratory ways
-
53

54. --
- Stridor
-Congenital Stridor
laryngomalacia
-
Vocal Cord Paralysis
-
Subglotic Mangioma ---
-
--
Tracheomalacia
inominate brachiocephalic trunk
artery
double aortic arch
54

55. apnea
CO2
------
Tracheo-
esophageal fistula
atresia
-
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation ---
Congenital Lung Cyst
----Pulmonary Sequestration
----
grunting
55

56. bochdalek -
---
Right
Lung Agenesis
-
-
-
--
inguinal hernia
-
---
ventral -
hernia
56

57. SuperficialFascia-
superficial fascia-
trunk- superficial fascia-
-
-- SuperficialLayerofSuperficialFascia
FattyAreolar
- inguinalligament
scrotum
- fatty areolar layer- DartosMuscle
superficiallayerofsuperficialfaciaofperineum
-- DeepLayerofSuperficialFascia
FasciaLatea
deep layer
membranous/ - fundiformligamentofpenis
deeplayerofsuperficialfasciaofperineum
superficial -
deep - layer
layer
-
-
superficialfascia-
-
Rectus RectusAbdominis
Rectus
57

58. -- - origin -- ExternalOblique
illiaccrest- serratusanterior
Aponeurosis aponeurosis
tendon
ExternalObliqueAponeurosis
midline-
LineaAlba-
-
symphysispubis-
- illiac crest-
-- sympysis pubis
- ASIS AnteriorSuperiorIlliacSpine
symphysis - PubicTubercle
inguinalligament- pubis
Inguinal Ligament- Inguinal Ligament-
--
femoralartery- externalilliacartery
58

59. external oblique -
subcotanuos/Superficial Inguinal Ring
Inguinal Canal
-- InternalOblique
external
-– inguinalligament- illiaccrest- origin-
inguinal ligament
--
internalobliqueaponeurosis
- rectusabdominis-
PosteriorLayer- AnteriorLayer - arcuateline
external oblique - rectus abdominis-
external oblique - internal oblique- aponeurosis
rectus - internal oblique- aponeurosis
linea - abdominis
alba
internal oblique -
rectus abdominis- aponeurosis
-- TransversusAbdominis
origin transversus
- illiaccrest- internal-
-thoracolumbar inguinalligament
facia
aponeurosis-
rectus abdominis-
59

60. Superior - inferiorlayer superiorlayer -
-
- rectus abdominis- transversus abdominis- Layer
posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
-
rectus - inferior layer- tranversus abdominis
linea - internal oblique aponeurosis- anterior layer- abdominis
rectus - external oblique aponeurosis- alba
abdominis
RectusSheath rectus abdominis-
rectus abdominis-
- aponeurosis
aponeurosis
anterior layer of internal external oblique aponeurosis anteriorrectussheath
inferior layer of transversus abdominis aponeurosis- oblique aponeurosis
superior layer of - posterior layer of internal oblique posteriorrectussheath
transversus abdominis
- rectus sheath
transversalisfascia
rectus -
- SemicircularLine ArcuateLine sheath
SemilunarLine rectus sheath
A
rectus sheath-
internal -
oblique
aponeurosis
- aponeurosis-
anterior - externaloblique
rectus sheath
-
rectus
60

61. transversus - abdominis
rectus sheath- abdominis
-- arcuate line- B
transversus - inferior layer- internal oblique
abdominis
transversalisfascia-
thoraco-lumbar fascia-
Inguinal ligament- iliac crest-
- iliacus- iliacfascia-
pecten pubis
- RectusAbdominis-
-- xiphoid process- origin
rectus abdominis
IntersectionTendons
linea - intersection tendons-
- alba
semilunarline- rectus abdominis
semilunar line-
.Rectus - .pyramidalis-
pubic - Rectus Abdominis- Abdominis
rectus abdonomis muscle- symphisis
61

62. rectus -
-- flexion abdominis
PsoasMajor
inguinal ligament-
psoas-
rectus -
abdonomis
- InguinalCanal
external - superficialinguinalring-
- oblique
- internal oblique- deepinguinalring
- spermatic cord- spermaticcord
-- VasDeference = Deferentduct
round ligament of uterus- spermatic cord
62

63. --
--
umbilicus- umbilical hernia
deep -
deep inguinal ring- inguinal ring
inguinal ligament -- ReflectedPartofInguinalLigament
linea alba-
pecten - inguinal ligament --Lacunar Ligament
pubis
lacunar -- Pectineal Ligament
pecten pubis- ligament
lacunar ligament-
63

64. --Conjoint Tendon
reflected part of
internal - inguinal ligament
inguinal - oblique
transversus - tendinae ligament
pecten - conjoint tendon- abdominis aponeurosis
rectus - anterior layer- pubis
interfoveolar ligament sheath
transversus abdominis -
superior ramus- aponeurosis
superficial inguinal ring-
external oblique aponeurosis- IntercruralFibers
- deep-
external
. oblique
superficial inguinal ring-
internal oblique muscle-
- Vas Deferens- spermatic cord-
- spermatic cord
internalspermaticfascia vascord
externalspermaticfascia Cremaster
64

65. external oblique aponeurosis- external spermatic fascia-
- internal spermatic fascia- internal oblique- cremaster-
- Vas dferens- transversus abdominis
-- cremaster-
cremasteric reflex
inguinal InguinalTriangle -- (hesselbach
semilunarline ---
inguinalligamrnt canal
rectus inferiorepigastricvein&artery -- rectus abdominis
conjoint tendon- abdominis
-- Inguinal Hernia
- inguinal hernia
inguinal -- Direct inguinal hernia
triangle
65

66. Inguinal -
superficial inguinal ring- Triangle
deep inguinal -- Indirect Inguinal Hernia
ring
Indirect- direct
superficial -
inguinal ring
scrotum-
inguinal -
canal
-
-
–-
MESH
ilioinguinal nerve
---
66

67. MESH
Inferior ilioinguinal nerve- recurrence
fermoral
lacunar ligament- hernia
-
-
---
Peritonitis
perforation
parietalperitoneum
parietal
visceralperitoneum peritoneum
-- visceral parietal -- Mesentery
67

68. - mesentery
lessersac- greatersac- sacs
pubis - linea alba-
symphysis
extra-peritoneal tissue
- mide line- –
-- - caudatelobe
neck
68

69. Lesser - Greater sac
omentalbursa sac
epiploicforamen
---
LigamentumTeres fibrous cord
.round ligament teres
-- obliteratedumbilicalvein
falciform falciformligament parietal peritoneum
ligament
--
falciform ligament-
69

70. -
coronaryligament
right -
visceral peritoneum- lobe
coronary ligament-
coronary ligament-
- right lobe-
righttriangularligament
barearea coronary ligament-
-
-
left - falciform- lefttriangularligament
left lobe- triangular ligament
- left triangular ligament-
-- fissureforligamentumvenosum left lobe- caudatelobe
visceral left lobe
fissure- peritoneum
70

71. fissure for - visceral peritoneum
- ligamentum venosum
- fissure
- fissure
lesseromentum
fundus ----
visceral lessercurvature
peritoneum
majorcurve
greateromentum mostanterior
greater omentum-
greater omentum- mostposterior --
greater omentum-
greater - -
midline- omentum
-
transverse colon- most posterior
-
pancreas
transverse -
mesentry of transversemesocolon- colon
transverse
colon
transverse mesocolon-
visceral peritoneum
visceral
peritoneum
-
71

72. parietal peritoneum
greatersac-
omentalbursa- lesser sac- lessersac
- greater sac
lesser sac
caudate -
caudate lobe- lobe
-
- fissureforligamentumvenosum
- lesser omentum- fissure
minorcurve, - greater omentum
- visceral peritoneum- fundus
hepato-duodenal ligamnet - hepato-gastric ligament
--
greater - greater omentum- anterior
- greater omentum- posterior omentum
- transverse colon-
-- transverse mesocolon
epiploic lesser omentum- lesser sacs- greater
- greater- foramen
lesser - lesser
left&right gastric arteries- omentum
72

73. parietal -
hepato- peritoneum
-- peritonealrecess renalligament
(renalimpression)
Sub- Hepato-renalPouch - recess
Morison'sPouch hepaticPouch
- visceral
-- Ascites parietal
Morison's Pouch
morison's -
-B pouch
morison's - C
pouch
--
73

74. sigmoidcolon --
visceral peritoneum-
sigmoidmesocolon-
seminalvesicle
Douglas Recto-VesiclePouch
rectouterinepouch
para-
- rectalfossa
fossa
trunk --
ascites
74

75. - Sacro-GenitalFold neck-
- rectovesicle pouch- folds
pararectal fossa
- sacro genital fold-
fold- sacrogenitalligament
--
para-
-- vasdeferens vesiclefossa
para-vesicle fossa
round ligament
fold
ligament
para-rectal fossae-
--
pararectal fossa
folds
-
75

76. urachus
-- medianumbilicalfold/ligament
medialumbilicalfolds
obliteratedumbilicalarteries
- lateralumbilicalfolds
inferiorepigastricarteries
fold
.SupraVesicalFossae medial- median umbilical fold-
MedialInguinalFossae lateral- medial-
lateral -- LateralInguinalFossae lateral-
inguinal
fossa
vaginal process
-
lateral inguinal fossa
umbilical folds- inguinal fossae-
femoralfossae- Lateral Inguinal Fossae-
transverse colon --
parietal peritoneum- linea alba-
-
cecum- ascending colon
mesentery -
76

77. IVC-
-
superior - mesentery
mesentery- mesentery
visceral - mesentery-
- peritoneum
- IVC
parietal - mesentery
ascending - descendingcolon- peritoneum
sigmoidcolon- colon
IVC- transverse colon --
linea -
falciformligament- alba
lessersac-
lesser omentum-
greater omentum-
- greater omentum- posterior
parietal peritoneum
caudate lobe --
Greater Omentum- --
rightfreeborder- omental bursa-
greater omentum- great omentum-
- head-
neck
- greater omentum- leftfreeborder --
transverse mesocolon- root
77

78. spleno-- line alba-
renalligament
-- gastro-splenicligament
- lesser omentum
fissureofligamentumvenosum
splenorenal - gastro splenic ligament-
shortgastricarteries- ligament
-
linea alba- subhepaticpouch
reno splenar- gastro splenic- splenic recess
right&leftgastropancreaticligament
hepaticartery -
leftgastricartery
gastro splenic epipoicforamen-
reno splenar- ligament
gastrophrenicligament
epipoic foramen-
- greateromentum-
greater - greater omentum-
omentum
perforation-
--
greater omentum- transverse colon
78

79. recesses
retro-cecalrecess recess cecum- recess mesoappendix-
recess-
- -
-
-
esophgous-
-
-- fibrouscoat
fibrous
coat
--
79

80. thoracotomy
laparotomy
fibrous
-- coat
- fibrous coat
CT
---
mucousmembrane
---
80

81. reflux
mucous membrane --
--
- leftcrus- rightcrus
inspiration
diaphragmatic --
esophagealhiatus hiatal hernia hernia
- reflux
anatomic sphincter
-
-
left&rightvagus stamic
Inferior Middle Superior-- GastricNerves -
-
celiacplexus-
81

82. ---- vagotomy
gastric nerves selectinve vagotomy
hepaticnerveplexus-
left&rightgastric shortgastric -
left&rightgastroomental
rugae-
-
rugae
-
spincter pylorus
--
-
82

83. visceral peritoneum -- intra peritoneal
transverse - ileum- jejunum-
colon
sub/retroperitoneal
splenorenal ligament --
- jejunum-
mesentery- ileum
- jejunum- mesentery
ileum
rugae- circularfolds
transverse folds rugae-
circular folds-
circular folds terminalileum- circular folds
intestinalvilli- mucous membrane-
- muscularismucosa
- villi- mucousmembrane
villi
Crohn’s ---
Disease
villi intestinal
--
- intestinalvilli
thoracicduct
lymphfollicles --
lymph
lymph follicles node
83

84. -- Solitary Lymph Follicles
Aggregated Lymph Follicles
PeyerPatches
--- germinationcenters aggergate+solitary
lymph node
follicle
-
-- appendicesomenalis appendicesepiploica 
caecum, appendix, Rectum
ileum- caecum - omentum- reccesses
Superiorileocaecal recess
Inferiorileocaecal recess
Retrocaecal recess
---
caecum
--

longitudial
circular fibers- fibers
84

85. --- longitudonalfibers
TaeniaColi
transverse Taenia Libera
colon
transverse -- Taenia Mesocolica
colon
transverse -- Taenia Omentalis
colon
taenia coli
taenia - taenia coli -–Haustrations 
- longitudonal fibers- coli
circular fibers- circular fibers- taenia
taenia-
haustrations
solitary lymphfollicles
mucus membrane-
mocus membrane-
longitudinalfolds 
transverse - transversepermanentfolds 
folds
longitudinal transverse folds
longitudinal fibers
fibers
- analcolumns vertical folds -
anal
superiorrectalvein superiorrectalartery column
anal -
analvalve columns
analsinus anal valve
85

86. - rectalvenousplexus
folds --
--Internal hemorhorids hemorrhoids
superior rectal
--External hemoroids vein
external venous plexus
pectinateline anal sinus-
spinal cord
internal
hemorrhoids
external -
hemerroids
-
- L2 portalvein-
- splenicvein- SMV
portal - IVC-
vein
gastroduodenalartery-
lesser - bileduct-
bile - hepaticartery- bile duct- omentum
86

87. hepaticarteryproper- duct
- portal triad- portal vein-
- lesser omentum- hepato-duodenalligament
-
hepaticnerveplexus- lymphnodes, lymphducts
lesser -
perivascularfibrouscapsule omentum
gilson'scapsule
-
perivascular fibrous capsul
portal -
portal hypertension - vein
--shortgastricveins splenic vein-
-- gastrosplenicligament
- &leftportalveinsright- porta hepatis-
ductusvenosus IVC- left
- ligamentumvenosum- ductus venosus
fissure
superiormesentericvein -- portal vein-
vein- SMA- mesentery
-- SMA- pancreaticoduodenalveins
- splenicartery
-- SMV- pancreticoduodenal
illealveins jejunalveins
appendix- cecum- terminal ileum- ileocolicvein
-- ascending colon- rightcolicveins
SMV- transverse colon middlecolicveins
87

88. superior - SMV rightgastroepiploic (omental) vein --
mesenteric vein
splenic vein -- portal vein-
splenic artery-
- splenic vein-
leftgastroomentalvein- shortgastricveins
splenic veins- pancreaticveins-
- inferiormesentericvein- splenic --
- IMV- IMA
- IMA- superiorrectalvein, sigmoidbranches, Leftcolicvein- splenic vein
splenic - IMV- IMV
duodenojejunal - duodenojejunalflexure- vein
flexure
-
rightcrus
left & right gastric veins-
cysticvein- portal vein-
paraumbilicalveins --- portal vein-
portal
portal vein- ligamentum teres- vein
---
portal hypertension
-- portal veins
cirrhosis
-
left gastric - esophagealveins
coronaryveins / vasabrevis veins
88