Decentralised Social Web of Things

Eywa is like a huge biological internet; the trees being computer servers that
store information and sensors being neural-connected flora and fauna
JAMES CAMERON’S

“The Internet of Things is currently beset by product silos.”
W3C Web of Things Interest Group

Siow, E., Tiropanis, T. and Hall, W. (2017) A Decentralised Social Web of Things.

Siow, E., Tiropanis, T. and Hall, W. (2017) A Decentralised Social Web of Things.
Crowd Sourcing
Web 2.0/Mobile
ChatbotsMessaging Client Neural Representation
Collaborative Editing
Strong AIAlgorithmicRule-based Learned
Friend/Follow
Trustless
Networks
Edge PredictionPolicy Game Theory

Fog Computing utilises the space between the
“Ground” and “Cloud”
Irrigation Application
Soil Moisture
Analytics
Lightweight
Computer Hub
Data Stream
Environmental
Sensors
National Disaster Monitoring Application
Weather
Data
State Inclement
Weather Planning
Application
Distributed Queries

Building ”Pillars” to support EYWAS
Fog RDF Stream
Processing
Personal IoT
Repository
Faster Queries,
Stream
Processing
eugenesiow.github.io/iot

Buil-Aranda, C., Hogan, A.: SPARQL Web-Querying Infrastructure: Ready for Action?
ISWC 2013
Semantic Sensor Ontology
Smart City Ontology
GeoNames Ontology

{
timestamp : 1467673132,
temperature : {
max: 22.0,
min: 15.0,
current: 17.0,
error: {
percentage: 5.0
}
}
}
{
timestamp : 1467673132,
temperature : 32.0,
wind_speed : 10.5,
pressure : 1016
}
UNIQUE DEVICES
dweet.io
FLAT SCHEMATA COMPLEX SCHEMATA
{
timestamp : 1467673132,
temperature : 32.0,
humidity : 10.5,
pressure : 1016,
light: 120.0,
}
1
2
3
4

produces
produces
located
produces
has value
unit
time
Siow, E., Tiropanis, T. and Hall, W. (2016) SPARQL-to-SQL on internet of things databases and streams. ISWC2016: The 15th International Semantic Web Conference

produces
produces
located
produces
has value
time
unit
has value
time
unit
has value
time
unit

produces
located
unit
13.0 93.0 10.52016-01-01 06:00:00

produces
located
unit
13.0 93.0 10.52016-01-01 06:00:00
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unit
13.0 93.02016-01-01 06:00:00
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}
𝞹
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BGP

13.0
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~20,000 Stations
100 – 300k triples
Wind, Rainfall, etc.
10 SRBench Queries
Zhang, Y, et al. (2012) "SRBench: a streaming RDF/SPARQL
benchmark.”The 11th International Semantic Web Conference.
Siow, E., Tiropanis, T., Hall, W. (2016). "Interoperable and Efficient:
Linked Data for the Internet of Things." The 3rd International
Conference on Internet Science.
3 months, 1 home
~30k triples
Motion, energy, environment
4 Analytics Queries
GraphDB (OWLIM)
Ontop
Our Approach (S2S)
TDB
Morph

Get the rainfall observed in a particular
hour from all stations
Q01 with an optional clause
on unit of measure
x5
x3
x13
x4k
x2
x4
x4
x5k

Detect if a hurricane has been observed
Get the average wind speed at the stations
where the air temperature is >32
Join between wind observation and temperature
observation subtrees time-consuming in low resource
environment (Raspberry Pi)
Detect if a station is observing a blizzard
x3
x6
x6
x88
x3
x3

Get the stations with extremely low visibility
Detect stations that are recently broken
Get the daily minimal and maximal air
temperature observed by the sensor at a
given location
x2
x14
x4
x6
x6
x5
x2

Get the daily average wind force and direction
observed by the sensor at a given location
Get the locations where a heavy snowfall has
been observed
Our Approach (s2s) is shown to be faster on all queries
in the Distributed Meteorological System with SRBench
Join between wind force and wind direction observation
subtrees is time-consuming in low resource
environment (Raspberry Pi)
x3
x3k
x2
x7

Temperature aggregated by hour on a
specified day
Minimum and maximum temperature
each day for a particular month
x7
x29
x3
x9

Energy Usage Per Room By Day
Diagnose unattended appliances consuming
energy with no motion in room
Our Approach (s2s) is shown, once again, to be faster on
all queries for Smart Home Analytics
Involves motion and meter data (much larger set), with
space-time aggregations and joins between motion and
meter tables/subgraphs.
Involves meter data (larger set), with space-time
aggregations.
x69
x13
x4

sparql2stream
Same engine and
mappings but translates
to EPL instead of SQL
2
Stream Window
SPARQL query specifying
stream window size
1
Stream Sockets
Supports multiple
platforms and streams
with ZeroMQ
3
Real-time analytics
4

a
has value
has unit
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}
Event Processing
Language

1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
294 261
306
277k 3243k 5245
426
280k
98
Le-Phuoc, D., et al. (2011) "A native and adaptive approach for unified processing of
linked streams and linked data.” The 10th International Semantic Web Conference.
Performance Improvement
For IoT Data Over
196
21
167
xImprovement
Query

>99% <1ms latency increasing from 1 to 1000 rows/ms
33.5million rows, projected ~2.5 billion triples!
<1ms 10-100ms
1
2
5
10
100
1000
99% 100%
Rateinrows/ms
Percentage Latency in ms Bands

Siow, E., Tiropanis, T. and Hall, W. (2016) PIOTRe: Personal Internet of Things Repository: The 15th International Semantic Web Conference P&D
github.com/eugenesiow/piotresparql2streamsparql2sql github.com/eugenesiow/sparql2sql
Apps
sparql2stream
sparql2sql
Metadata

Siow, E., Tiropanis, T. and Hall, W. (2017) A Fog Computing Framework for RDF Stream Processing.
Sensors
Node
Data Stream
Broker
Subscribe(URI_1)
Client
Publish ([Query_p1,Q_p2])𝞹
Push (Select_Stream),
Access Control,
Bandwidth Control
Query Broadcast, Nodes manage distributed processing
No single point of failure. Any RPi can serve
as a broker. ‘Best effort’ for source nodes
ResultSet

“It’s really hard to stimulate your brain with no [sensation of] light. It’s blanking
me. I can feel my brain just not wanting to do anything.” Adam Bloom, sensory
deprivation subject in BBC documentary “Total Isolation” (2008)
“"Who's Eywa? Only their deity! Their goddess, made up of all living things.
Everything they know!” Norm explaining Eywa to Jake in Avatar (2009)

@eugene_siow
“It's a long road, it's a long and narrow way. If I can't work up to you,
you'll surely have to work down to me someday.”
Narrow Way by Bob Dylan
EUGENE SIOW
THANASSIS TIROPANIS
WENDY HALL

Decentralised Social Web of Things

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