“THINKING OUT OF THE POX”
LESSONS AND THOUGHTS ON LSD MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
Nadav Galon
Former Israel CVO and FAO consultant

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Competence & Humility
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
LSD &ASF
LSD
60 years for Africa
10 years for Asia

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
✓ Change
✓ Knowledge
✓ Tools
✓ Collaboration
✓ Hopes & goals
What could we learn and gain from the LSD decade?

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Scientific paradigm shift
LSD paradigms
▪ “Exotic” disease
▪ It will stay “there”
▪ Stamping-out works
▪ Sheep-Pox-1 protects
▪ Countries are capable
Existing paradigm
Normal science
Anomalies
Crisis stage
New paradigm
revolution

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Knowledge and decision making
OIE/ WOAH

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Limited resources - Every challenge is an opportunity ?
Resources
Challenges
• Size of country
• Location / borders
• Neighborhood
• GDP /economy
• Science / culture
• Vet capabilities
• Amount of threats
• Amount of outbreaks
• Emerging / endemic
• Known / unknown
• Non-vet challenges
≈

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
“The unbearable importance of coincidence”
Onderstepoort South Africa
When resources and challenges meet

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Real-time epi’ investigation - Israel
Klement Koret Vet School, Hebrew Univ. Israel
Vaccination with sheep-dose sheep-pox vaccine RM/65

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Israel cumulative # of LSD infected herds
POX 1
Neethling
POX 10
Spring-
Vectors

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Natural trial – controlled field trial during outbreak

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
LSD awareness - changed from country to regional to global
OIE Subregional workshop
on Lumpy skin disease
and other vector-borne diseases
Cyprus 28th Feb 2013

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
The great power of resources and collaboration
Cattle movements out of Africa 2008-2013
EFSA Journal 2015; 13(1):3986 Pink- Countries reporting LSD in 2011-2014 according to OIE
Cattle movements in Turkey

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Stamping-out vs Vaccination
Total
stamping
out
Partial
stamping
out
No
stamping
out
No vaccination
reactive
vaccination
Pre-emptive
vaccination
Predicted impact 2016
Real impact
Balkan LSD elimination

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Global knowledge accumulation
2012
100
2012
“lumpy skin disease”
“lumpy skin disease vaccination”
¼
African
¾
Eurasian

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Human era - Paradigm shift
EPI’
TRIANGLE
Agent
Agent
Human
factor
Host
Host Environment Environment
EPI’
SQUARE
HOLOCENE

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Movement control – limited impact
Large Ruminant Movement Pathways Live cattle markets
in Asia & the Pacific

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Vector knowledge & control
Disinfection
costs

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
Biosecurity – define farm borders

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
▪Cattle I & R
▪Data and IT
▪Epid’ – descriptive, analytical
▪Risk analysis
▪Research- original, regio’-global
▪Lab – economics
every district/ region/ country ?
Pool- Dx, research, univ.
Building resources Challenges
What’s next ?
▪ FMD SAT-2
▪ BEF (ephemeral)
▪ BT
▪ EHD
▪ …

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
▪Human resources
▪Vet education – individual animal
▪Population medicine
▪Tools- MVPH, multi-diciplinary
▪Post Grad’ training
▪Update goals
▪“Slaughter holy-cows”
Sustainable assistance
Country capacity building

Galon- FAO LSD symposium 03-2023
LSD (TAD) Outbreak Management Cycle
disease
freedom
preparedness
introduction
establish &
spread
response
& containment
elimination
21
risk
assessment
risk
management
control
endemic
risk
communication

Protecting people, animals, and the environment every day
Drawings: FAO/Chiara Caproni
“Leadership is doing the right things,
Management is doing things right.”
Peter Drucker
Thank You