مدیرت دیم زارها

1. Lecture 9-
• Dry–land farming technology
• Water saving technology
• Technology of straw returning to the field
• Technology of balanced fertilizer application
• Technology of green manure cropping and
applying
• Technology for plant protection
• Technology for improved crop breeding
• Technology of high yielding, efficient and cost
saving cultivation

2. Dry land farming
Or
Rain fed farming
1366)
.

3. 3988 .
• Rangeland desertification include
degradation of the vegetative cover & wood
cut
• Rainfed cropland desertification include
accelerated water and wind erosion.
• degradation processes on irrigated land
include salinization and waterlogging.

4. •
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• Slight, moderate, and severe degradation usually
are reversible; very severely degraded land is
categorized as land which cannot be rehabilitated
economically. Slightly desertified land has had
yields depressed by less than 10 percent,
moderately desertified by 10 to 25 percent, severely
desertified by 25 to 50 percent, and very severely
desertified by more than 50 percent.

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7. Dry land or rain-fed farming
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17. 2- Water saving technology

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19. 1
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22. )Water harvesting
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25. 84-1347 )
1000
74 175
161.3 425
18 52
137.9 824
11.09 103
10 44

26. •
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•Kirkby (2001(

27. Different Agronomical Practices for Soil
and Water Conservation
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28. 25-104348
0.5*1Trench culture10-6

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31. •15832
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32. )
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1387 10
125 27
12.5 75-60

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36. J/m2
/hr.( mm/hr.(
2 1<
10 1
50 4
350 15
1000 40
4500-3000 100

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39. 1961)
120-30
100 3500
100 3500 )
92 3230 )
84 2950 )
72 2520 )

40. 138262:83
•pHC(
•C – 59/1
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•pH C – 10/8
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46. ε Ύγέ Ώ ηέΩ Χηϳ ϓϭ ϳ ϡ

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53. 3-Technology of straw returning to the field
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56. •30

57. 1
2

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59. •88-1387D8108334.569103.515303060
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60. •255075
•5075Blackshaw2007Lopez-Bellido2003

62. 1387;39)1:(11-21.
•pH

63. •C/NpH

64. 4-Technology of balanced
fertilizer application

65. Balanced Nutrition for Sustainable Crop Production
•
• Higher food production needs higher amount
of plant nutrients. As no single source is
capable of supplying the required amount of
nutrients, integrated use of all sources is a
must to supply balanced nutrition to plants.

66. What is balanced nutrition?
•NPK
• It should take into account the crop removal of nutrients,
the economics of fertilizers and profitability, farmers
ability to invest, agro-techniques, soil moisture regime,
weed control, plant protection, seed rate, sowing time,
soil salinity, alkalinity, physical environment,
microbiological condition of the soil, available nutrient
status of soil, cropping sequence, etc. It is not a state but
a dynamic concept.

67. • (a) increasing crop yield, (b) increasing crop
quality, (c) increasing farm income, (d)
correction of inherent soil nutrient deficiencies,
(e) maintaining or improving lasting soil fertility,
(f) avoiding damage to the environment, and (g)
restoring fertility and productivity of the land that
has been degraded by wrong and exploitative
activities in the past.
•

68. Figure : Nutrient recovery in maize on a degraded soil in SE Asia
(after Haerdter & Fairhurst, 2003)

69. •
• Organic sources are undoubtedly an important
source of nutrients but their amounts and
available nutrient content and the release rate is
woefully inadequate for meeting the demands of
intensive and high yielding crop production.

70. • There are also wide differences in the
consumption ratio of three major nutrients
N : P2O5 : K2O in different regions, crops
and cropping systems. Similarly
divergence in ratio is due to the
differences in the quality of land, inherent
soil fertility, cropping systems and degree
of exploitive agriculture.
•

71. • Green manuring with legumes and other
means of biological nitrogen fixations such
as through Blue Green Algae , Azolla, etc.
can contribute to some of the N needs of
rice crop but there are numerous
technological, economic and operational
problems to their use.
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72. •S, Ca, MgMn, Br, Zn, Cu, Mo
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73. mm mm( ET (mm( Kg/ha.( kh/ha.(
71 80 61 221 1610 0
114 132 112 272 3090 67
115 96 155 315 3630 268

74. •
•NkKN
•K
• K is a highly versatile and mobile nutrient in plants.
• K is involved in all major physiological processes, from
the assimilation and the transport of assimilate to its
conversion into storage products such as sugar, starch,
protein and oil/fats.
• K also plays a prominent role in the N metabolism.

75. •KKK
• Furthermore, plants supplied with excessive N and/or
inadequate K are more susceptible to pests and
diseases and less resistant to soil-borne and climatic
stress than plants with balanced nutrition, which also
lowers the yield and thus, affects the fertilizer use
efficiency.

76. Figure : Effect of soil K status on the efficiency of N use by spring barley
(JOHNSTON et al., 2001)

78. )
•1
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•1
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•3Rodriguez &Fraga, 1999.(
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79. •1
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81. 5- Technology of green manure cropping and applying
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•50-2520-10
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84. 6- Technology for plant protection
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87. Leptinostarsa decemlineata
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•EC35%2EC35%2-1

88. (Stripe rust)
•Puccinia striiformis
•=S=VS
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•K.(
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•1-0.52-1

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92. 7- Technology for improved crop breeding
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• Rice varieties with high yield, good quality, multi-
resistance (rice stem borers and other main rice
diseases)

93. •
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WUENAR
1.
2.
3.
4.

94. 8- Technology of high yielding, efficient
and cost saving cultivation
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95. Feed Cost Saving Technology
•Yuyeon30

96. •
•Aphid bee eating aphid(