This document discusses flooding and lessons learned from past flood events. It covers the physical effects of floods including inundation, erosion, and economic losses. It also discusses causes of flood risk such as development in floodplains and interaction with hazardous materials. Case studies from flooding in Lebanon and Colorado are provided to illustrate impacts such as damage, evacuations, and deaths. The document advocates for integrating scientific and policy approaches to improve preparedness, protection, warnings, response and recovery from flooding through educational programs and risk assessment.

1. FLOODING

2. REMEMBERING SOME OF
THE LESSONS FROM
2013’S DISASTERS
PART 3: FLOODS

3. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF
FLOODS- A PART OF THE
NATURAL WATER CYCLE
INUNDATION, HIGH-VELOCITY FLOW OF
WATER, HIGH-VOLUME DISCHARGE,
EROSION, AND SCOUR

4. A RISK ASSESSMENT LETS DECISIONMAKERS KNOW
WHAT WILL LIKELY HAPPEN IN A FLOOD
DAMAGE FROM
INUNDATION
EROSION, SCOUR,
AND LANDSLIDES
RISK
LOSS OF
FUNCTION
ECONOMIC LOSS

5. RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH
FLOODS
DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, LOSS OF
FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,
TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS, AUTOS, AND
HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES,
AND DISEASE

6. CAUSES
OF RISK
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS:
DAMAGE FROM WATER
DISASTER
LABORATORIES
WATER BORNE DISEASES
(HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND
WATER

7. An element’s vulnerability
(fragility) is the result of either a
community’s actions and/or
nature’s actions that change
some part of the regional water
cycle (e.g., precipitation,
storage, runoff, transpiration,
evaporation).

8. LESSONS FROM THE COMMUNITY
Vulnerabilities typically enter
during the planning, design,
and construction phases of a
community’s building and
critical infrastructure programs.

9. LESSONS FROM A COMMUNITY
• Urban development or
industrial development in areas
that were formerly wetlands
and locating buildings and
infrastructure in a river
floodplain will increase the risk
(i.e., chance of loss).

10. LESSONS FROM NATURE
• A flash flood, Ice jams/ice dams
on the river, and rapid melt of
snow and ice and the resultant
runoff will usually lead to a
flood disaster.

11. LESSONS FROM NATURE
• Extreme or prolonged
precipitation caused by a
stalled low-pressure system, or
after a long, hot, dry season, or
after a wildfire will usually
exacerbate flooding risks.

12. A COMMUNITY’S ACTIONS
• Actions that increase or
decrease river gradients
(deforestation, dams, etc.,) and
actions that change the runoff
pattern or rate (e.g., the city’s
concrete footprint) will
exacerbate flood risks.

13. EXAMPLE
SEVERE FLOODING IN
LEBANON
JANUARY 4, 2013

14. THE THAWING OF A WINTER
STORM CAUSED FLOODING THAT
CLOSED
SCHOOLS THROUGHOUT THE
COUNTRY AND LEFT FOUR DEAD

15. FLOODING IN LEBANON

16. FLOODING IN LEBANON

17. EXAMPLE
HISTORIC MOUNTAIN FLOODING
IN COLORADO AFTER A HOT, DRY
SUMMER MARKED BY DROUGHT
AND WILDFIRES
SEPTEMBER, 15, 2013

18. RECORDS SET IN 1919
WERE BROKEN AFTER A
WEEK-LONG RAINFALL

19. BOULDER, CO WAS HIT
ESPECIALLY HARD

20. BOULDER

21. Boulder, with a population of
about 100,000, is located 25
miles (40 km) northwest of
Denver and sited at the base
of the foothills of the Rocky
Mountains at an elevation of
5,430 feet (1,655 m).

22. IMMEDIATE IMPACTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
WIDESPREAD POWER OUTAGES
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO CLOSED
SCHOOLS CLOSED
MUDSLIDES
INUNDATION
ISOLATED MTN. COMMUNITIES
FOOD AND WATER DEPLETED

23. Miles from the Rocky Mountains,
debris-filled rivers became
muddy seas that overflowed
banks and inundated farms and
towns.

24. DEBRIS-FILLED RIVERS

25. CUMMULATIVE IMPACTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
$ 150 MILLION IN DAMAGE
THOUSANDS EVACUATED
COMMUNITIES ISOLATED
NATIONAL GUARD ACTIVATED
FEDERAL ASSISTANCE APPROVED
1,200 STRANDED
AT LEAST 5 DEAD

26. FLOOD WATERS:
BOULDER, CO.

27. FLOODING

28. FLOODING

29. CONTINUING RAINFALL,
DAMAGED ROADS, AND
LANDSLIDES SLOWED SEARCH
AND RESCUE OPERATIONS

30. ROADS DESTROYED

31. MUDSLIDE: BOULDER, CO.

32. AIRLIFTING

33. TOWARDS FLOOD
DISASTER RESILIENCE

34. FLOOD RISK
• FLOOD HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
FLOOD DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITIES
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•FORECASTS/WARNINGS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION

35. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
 USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING
THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER
AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING
POINTS

36. 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME
FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN
EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL,
HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL
CAPACITY BUILDING
IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF
COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE

37. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON
PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY
WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND
RECOVERY

38. INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on
local, regional, national, and global scales
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
Real and Near- Real Time
Monitoring
Hazard, Vulnerability and
Risk Characterization
Best Practices for Mitigation
Adaptation and Monitoring
Situation Data Bases
APPLICATIONS
EDUCATIONAL SURGES
Relocation/Rerouting of
Cities and City Lifelines
Enlighten Communities on
Their Risks
Create a Hazard Zonation
Map as a Policy Tool
Implement Modern Codes
and Lifeline Standards
Cause & Effect Relationships
Introduce New
Technologies
Anticipatory Actions for all
Events and Situations
Move Towards A Disaster
Intelligent Community
Interfaces with all Real- and
Near Real-Time Sources
Gateways to a Deeper
Understanding
Build Strategic Equity
Through Disaster Scenarios
Involve Partners in Turning
Point Experimemts
Multiply Capability by
International Twinning
Update Knowledge Bases
After Each Disaster