A flawed premise: one typhoon disaster anywhere should be enough to make any nation susceptible to typhoons adopt and implement policies that will lead to their own typhoon disaster resilience. Once again, 2013’s disasters demonstrated that it usually takes multiple disasters before the stricken nation adopts policies to become disaster resilient. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

1. LANDFALL ON FRIDAY
MORNING, NOV. 8

2. REMEMBERING SOME OF
THE LESSONS FROM
2013’S DISASTERS
PART 2: TYPHOONS

3. SUPER TYPHOON HAIYAN
DEVASTATES THE PHILIPPINES;
NOVEMBER 8-10, 2013

4. HAIYAN REACHED THE
PHILIPPINES: FRIDAY, NOV. 8

5. LANDFALL ON FRIDAY
MORNING, NOV. 8

6. CAUSES
OF RISK
WIND AND WATER
PENETRATE BUILDING
ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES
WINDOWS
TYPHOONS
CASE HISTORIES
STORM SURGE
HEAVY PRECIPITATION
FLASH FLOODING
(MUDFLOWS)
LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

7. ONCE AGAIN, 2013’S DISASTERS
DEMONSTRATED THAT IT
USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE
DISASTERS BEFORE THE
STRICKEN NATION ADOPTS
POLICIES TO BECOME DISASTER
RESILIENT
MOST UNAFFECTED NATIONS USUALLY
DON’T LEARN ANYTHING NEW AND
DON’T CHANGE EXISTING POLICIES

8. A FLAWED PREMISE:
ONE TYPHOON DISASTER
ANYWHERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH
TO MAKE ANY NATION
SUSCEPTIBLE TO TYPHOONS
ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES
THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR OWN
TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE

9. EXAMPLE:
THE PHILIPPINES

10. THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES
HAVE HAD MANY
OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN
VITAL LESSONS
FROM PAST TYPHOONS OF ALL
SIZES MAKING LANDFALL THERE
The Philippines has more than enough
experience with typhoons for action.

11. A FLAWED PREMISE:
BY NOW, THE PHILIPPINES
SHOULD HAVE POLICIES IN PLACE
FOR TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE
(i.e., A SUPER TYPHOON SHOULD NOT
MAKE THAT MUCH DIFFERENCE
WHEN THE POLICIES ARE RIGHT)

12. LESSON: THE TIMING OF
ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL
• The people who know: 1) what to
expect (e.g., high-velocity winds,
rain, flash floods, landslides, and
storm surge), 2) where and when it
will happen, and 3) what they
should (and should not) do to
prepare will survive.

13. LESSON: TIMELY EARLY WARNING
AND EVACUATION SAVES LIVES
• The people who have timely early
warning in conjunction with a
community evacuation plan that
facilitates getting out of harm’s way
from the risks associated with
storm surge, high winds, flooding,
and landslides will survive.

14. LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL
PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES
• Damaged hospitals and medical
facilities combined with lack of
clean drinking water, food, and
medicine, and high levels of
morbidity and mortality will quickly
overrun the local community’s
capacity for emergency health care.

15. LESSON: WIND ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES
• Buildings engineered to withstand
the risks from a typhoon’s high
velocity winds will maintain their
function and protect occupants and
users from death and injury.

16. LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SAVES LIVES
• The “Uncontrollable and
Unthinkable” events will always
hinder the timing of emergency
response operations.

17. LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY ALWAYS PROVIDES AID
• The International Community
provides millions to billions of
dollars in relief to most nations to
help “pick up the pieces, ” but this
strategy is not enough by itself to
ensure disaster resilience.

18. HAIYAN: A SUPER TYPHOON

19. RATED AS PROBABLY THE
STRONGEST TYPHOON
EVER TO STRIKE THE
PHILIPPINES

20. HAIYAN MOVED TOWARDS
VIETNAM AND CHINA: SAT., NOV 9

21. ADVANCE EVACUATIONS
• 800,000 people were evacuated
to emergency shelters.

22. AN EVACUATION CENTER

23. FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND
DESTRUCTION
• Winds flattened hundreds of homes.
• Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and
flash flooding.
• A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m
(30 feet) destroyed everything,
sweeping people away and drowning
thousands.

24. AN AERIAL VIEW
• It was like a tsunami," Interior Secretary
Manuel Roxas told Reuters.
• "From a helicopter, you can see the
extent of devastation. From the shore
and moving a kilometer inland, there
are no structures standing.

25. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

26. TACLOBAN (ON LEYTE
ISLAND) HIT THE HARDEST

27. SURVIVOR STORIES
• Survivors of the storm
described towering waves that
swept away all but the most
robust engineered structures.

28. STORM SURGE

29. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

30. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

31. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

32. DESTRUCTION AND DEATH
EVERYWHERE

33. DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

34. TACLOBAN AIRPORT

35. INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Wide spread flooding,
mudslides, and power outages
• Winds of 380 kph (290 mph)
• TACLOBAN hit very hard by the
storm surge with many deaths
• Tacloban’s airport destroyed

36. INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Loss of communication
• An estimated 10,000 people
dead
• Economic losses in the billions

37. SURVIVOR NEEDS
• Survivors are in desperate need of
clean drinking water and food
• Survivors temporarily cut off from aid,
and from their families in the
Philippines as well as in other
countries (e.g., 3 million in the USA)

38. USA MILITARY FORCES
DISPATCHED TO ASSIST IN
WHAT BECAME A HISTORIC
RELIEF EFFORT

39. Search and Rescue and Relief
Efforts Were Hampered by
Landslides and Damaged Road
Systems
LESSON: All Kinds of Things Will go
Wrong During the Emergency Response
Period When the Uncontrollable and
Unthinkable Happen.

40. TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE
POLICIES AND MEASURES NEEDED BY
MANY NATIONS
Preparedness
Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Wind
Engineering Building Code
Time,y Early Warning and Evacuation
Timely Emergency Response (including
Emergency Medical Services)
Cost-Effective Recovery

41. WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS
TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCE
EXPERIENCES WITH
PREPAREDNESS
EXPERIENCES WITH
MONITORING AND WARNING
INTEGRATE GLOBAL
EXPERIENCES WITH YOUR
EXPERIENCES
EXPERIENCES WITH
DISASTER SCENARIO
PLANNING
EXPERIENCES WITH
RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
EXPERIENCES WITH
PREVENTION, MITIGATION,
AND ADAPTATION

42. THE CHALLENGE:
POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND
REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND
PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE
KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR
MOVING TOWARDS TYPHOON RESILIENCE

43. TYPHOON RISK
• TYPHOON HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITIES
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION

44. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR
TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE
 USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING
THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER
AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING
POINTS

45. 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME
FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN
EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL,
HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL
CAPACITY BUILDING
IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF
COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE

46. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR
TYPHOON DISASTER
RESILIENCE
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON
PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY
WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND
RECOVERY

48. INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL
CONSIDERATIONS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on
local, regional, national, and global scales
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
Real and Near- Real Time
Monitoring
Hazard, Vulnerability and
Risk Characterization
Best Practices for Mitigation
Adaptation and Monitoring
Situation Data Bases
APPLICATIONS
EDUCATIONAL SURGES
Relocation/Rerouting of
Cities and City Lifelines
Enlighten Communities on
Their Risks
Create a Hazard Zonation
Map as a Policy Tool
Implement Modern Codes
and Lifeline Standards
Cause & Effect Relationships
Introduce New
Technologies
Anticipatory Actions for all
Events and Situations
Move Towards A Disaster
Intelligent Community
Interfaces with all Real- and
Near Real-Time Sources
Gateways to a Deeper
Understanding
Build Strategic Equity
Through Disaster Scenarios
Involve Partners in Turning
Point Experimemts
Multiply Capability by
International Twinning
Update Knowledge Bases
After Each Disaster