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Bellwork- Ions
Draw a sketch of the periodic table
and label ion charges for groups 1A,
2A, 3A(13), 5A(15), 6A(16), & 7A(17).
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
Compounds composed of
cations and anions are called
ionic compounds.
Compounds composed of
cations and anions are called
ionic compounds.
    Ionic compounds are
    electrically neutral.
    (positive charges always
    equal the negative charges)
Aluminum metal
and the nonmetal
bromine react to
form an ionic
solid, aluminum
bromide.
The electrostatic forces that hold
ions together in ionic compounds
are called ionic bonds.
An ionic compound is also called a
salt.
Salts contain positive and negative
ions that alternate in a regular 3D
pattern called a crystal lattice.
The
transfer
of an
electron
from Na
            Na   Cl
to Cl
creates
an
anion
and a
cation     Na+   Cl-
The
transfer
of an
electron
from Na
            Na   Cl
to Cl
creates
an
anion
and a
cation     Na+   Cl-
The
transfer
of an                  Their
electron               opposite
from Na                charges
            Na   Cl
to Cl                  attract
creates                them to
an                     each
anion                  other
and a
cation     Na+   Cl-
Take an atomic-level look at the formation of KCl.
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
•A chemical formula shows the
kinds and numbers of atoms
in the smallest representative
unit of a substance.
•A chemical formula shows the
kinds and numbers of atoms
in the smallest representative
unit of a substance.
•A formula unit is the lowest
whole-number ratio of ions in
an ionic compound.
NaCl is the chemical formula
for sodium chloride.
NaCl is the chemical formula
for sodium chloride.
NaCl is the chemical formula
for sodium chloride.
NaCl is the chemical formula
for sodium chloride.
Determining formulas for ionic
compounds
   The positive charges must equal
   the negative charges, because
    the compound is neutral.
   Mg2+ and Cl-   make MgCl2
   because you need 2 Cl- to cancel
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?
         Al3+     O2-
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?
         Al3+     O2-
Find the least common multiple!
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?
         Al3+       O2-
Find the least common multiple!
   3+ x 2 = 6+   2- x 3 = 6-
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?
          Al3+      O2-
Find the least common multiple!
   3+ x 2 = 6+   2- x 3 = 6-
So you need 2 Al3+ and 3 O2-
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?

         Al 3+     O2-
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?

         Al 3+     O2-


           Al2O3
What is the formula of a compound
containing ions of Al and O?

         Al 3+     O2-


           Al2O3
The charge on one ion becomes the
subscript for the other ion!
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
Most ionic compounds are
crystalline solids at room
temperature.
Most ionic compounds are
crystalline solids at room
temperature.
Ionic compounds have high
melting points.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
The orderly arrangement of component
ions produces the beauty of crystalline
solids.
Simulation 5 Simulate the formation of
ionic compounds at the atomic level.

     Simulation 5
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
• The coordination number of an ion
 is the number of ions of opposite
 charge that surround the ion in a
 crystal.
• The coordination number of an ion
 is the number of ions of opposite
 charge that surround the ion in a
 crystal.
• In NaCl, each ion
 has a coordination
 number of 6.
Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds
• In CsCl, each ion has a coordination
 number of 8.
• In CsCl, each ion has a coordination
    number of 8.

•   In TiO2, each Ti4+ ion has a coordination
    number of 6, while each O2- ion has a
    coordination number of 3.
Electricity is the directed
 movement of charged particles.
To conduct electricity, a substance or
  mixture must contain positive or
  negative charges that can move freely.
Ionic compounds can conduct
an electric current when
Ionic compounds can conduct
an electric current when
7.2 Section Quiz.

   1. Which chemical formula is incorrect?
     a.         KF2

     b.         CaS
     c.         MgO
     d.         NaBr
7.2 Section Quiz.

   1. Which chemical formula is incorrect?
     a.         KF2

     b.         CaS
     c.         MgO
     d.         NaBr
7.2 Section Quiz.
2. Ionic compounds can conduct an
    electric current
  a.            only when melted.
  b.            when melted or dissolved in
       water.
  c.            only when dissolved in
       water.
  d.            when solid or melted.
7.2 Section Quiz.
2. Ionic compounds can conduct an
    electric current
  a.            only when melted.
  b.            when melted or dissolved in
       water.
  c.            only when dissolved in
       water.
  d.            when solid or melted.
7.2 Section Quiz.
3. At room temperature, most ionic
   compounds are
  a.         crystalline solids.
  b.         liquids.
  c.         gases.
  d.          soft, low melting-point
       solids.
7.2 Section Quiz.
3. At room temperature, most ionic
   compounds are
  a.         crystalline solids.
  b.         liquids.
  c.         gases.
  d.          soft, low melting-point
       solids.

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Lecture 7.2- Ionic Compounds

  • 1. Bellwork- Ions Draw a sketch of the periodic table and label ion charges for groups 1A, 2A, 3A(13), 5A(15), 6A(16), & 7A(17).
  • 3. Compounds composed of cations and anions are called ionic compounds.
  • 4. Compounds composed of cations and anions are called ionic compounds. Ionic compounds are electrically neutral. (positive charges always equal the negative charges)
  • 5. Aluminum metal and the nonmetal bromine react to form an ionic solid, aluminum bromide.
  • 6. The electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds are called ionic bonds.
  • 7. An ionic compound is also called a salt. Salts contain positive and negative ions that alternate in a regular 3D pattern called a crystal lattice.
  • 8. The transfer of an electron from Na Na Cl to Cl creates an anion and a cation Na+ Cl-
  • 9. The transfer of an electron from Na Na Cl to Cl creates an anion and a cation Na+ Cl-
  • 10. The transfer of an Their electron opposite from Na charges Na Cl to Cl attract creates them to an each anion other and a cation Na+ Cl-
  • 11. Take an atomic-level look at the formation of KCl.
  • 13. •A chemical formula shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance.
  • 14. •A chemical formula shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance. •A formula unit is the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
  • 15. NaCl is the chemical formula for sodium chloride.
  • 16. NaCl is the chemical formula for sodium chloride.
  • 17. NaCl is the chemical formula for sodium chloride.
  • 18. NaCl is the chemical formula for sodium chloride.
  • 19. Determining formulas for ionic compounds The positive charges must equal the negative charges, because the compound is neutral. Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2 because you need 2 Cl- to cancel
  • 21. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O?
  • 22. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al3+ O2-
  • 23. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al3+ O2- Find the least common multiple!
  • 24. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al3+ O2- Find the least common multiple! 3+ x 2 = 6+ 2- x 3 = 6-
  • 25. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al3+ O2- Find the least common multiple! 3+ x 2 = 6+ 2- x 3 = 6- So you need 2 Al3+ and 3 O2-
  • 27. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O?
  • 28. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al 3+ O2-
  • 29. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al 3+ O2- Al2O3
  • 30. What is the formula of a compound containing ions of Al and O? Al 3+ O2- Al2O3 The charge on one ion becomes the subscript for the other ion!
  • 36. Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature.
  • 37. Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temperature. Ionic compounds have high melting points.
  • 38. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 39. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 40. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 41. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 42. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 43. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 44. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 45. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 46. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 47. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 48. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 49. The orderly arrangement of component ions produces the beauty of crystalline solids.
  • 50. Simulation 5 Simulate the formation of ionic compounds at the atomic level. Simulation 5
  • 52. • The coordination number of an ion is the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal.
  • 53. • The coordination number of an ion is the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal. • In NaCl, each ion has a coordination number of 6.
  • 55. • In CsCl, each ion has a coordination number of 8.
  • 56. • In CsCl, each ion has a coordination number of 8. • In TiO2, each Ti4+ ion has a coordination number of 6, while each O2- ion has a coordination number of 3.
  • 57. Electricity is the directed movement of charged particles. To conduct electricity, a substance or mixture must contain positive or negative charges that can move freely.
  • 58. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when
  • 59. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when
  • 60. 7.2 Section Quiz. 1. Which chemical formula is incorrect? a. KF2 b. CaS c. MgO d. NaBr
  • 61. 7.2 Section Quiz. 1. Which chemical formula is incorrect? a. KF2 b. CaS c. MgO d. NaBr
  • 62. 7.2 Section Quiz. 2. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current a. only when melted. b. when melted or dissolved in water. c. only when dissolved in water. d. when solid or melted.
  • 63. 7.2 Section Quiz. 2. Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current a. only when melted. b. when melted or dissolved in water. c. only when dissolved in water. d. when solid or melted.
  • 64. 7.2 Section Quiz. 3. At room temperature, most ionic compounds are a. crystalline solids. b. liquids. c. gases. d. soft, low melting-point solids.
  • 65. 7.2 Section Quiz. 3. At room temperature, most ionic compounds are a. crystalline solids. b. liquids. c. gases. d. soft, low melting-point solids.

Notas do Editor

  1. Aluminum metal and the nonmetal bromine react to form an ionic solid, aluminum bromide.
  2. Sodium cations and chloride anions form a repeating three-dimensional array in sodium chloride (NaCl). Inferring How does the arrangement of ions in a sodium chloride crystal help explain why the compound is so stable?
  3. The beauty of crystalline solids, such as these, comes from the orderly arrangement of their component ions.
  4. Sodium chloride and cesium chloride form cubic crystals. a) In NaCl, each ion has a coordination number of 6. b) In CsCl, each ion has a coordination number of 8. c) Titanium dioxide forms tetragonal crystals. In TiO2, each Ti4+ ion has a coordination number of 6, while each O2- ion has a coordination number of 3.
  5. Sodium chloride and cesium chloride form cubic crystals. a) In NaCl, each ion has a coordination number of 6. b) In CsCl, each ion has a coordination number of 8. c) Titanium dioxide forms tetragonal crystals. In TiO2, each Ti4+ ion has a coordination number of 6, while each O2- ion has a coordination number of 3.
  6. When sodium chloride melts, the sodium and chloride ions are free to move throughout the molten salt. If a voltage is applied, positive sodium ions move to the negative electrode (the cathode), and negative chloride ions move to the positive electrode (the anode). Predicting What would happen if the voltage was applied across a solution of NaCl dissolved in water?