SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 17
Baixar para ler offline
English 72 – E. Buchanan – Porterville College
Copyright © 2012 Pearson
Education Inc. 2
Define vocabulary.1
Vocabulary − all the words used or
understood by a person
A Context Clue − the information that
surrounds a new word, and is used
to
understand its meaning
CHAPTER TWO
Use Context Clues to Study
Vocabulary
S
• Synonyms
A
• Antonyms
G
• General Context
E
• Examples
A SAGE Approach
2 Classify context clues.
CHAPTER TWO
S
• Parentheses ( )
• Dashes -- --
• Commas , ,
• Or
• That is
Words with
the same
meaning
Synonym Signal Words
Prince William’s bride followed the
conventions (traditions) of society by wearing
a white gown.
2 Classify context clues.
CHAPTER TWO
A
• But
• However
• In contrast
• Instead
• Unlike
• Not
• Yet
• On the other hand
Words with
the opposite
meaning
Antonym Signal Words
Cheryl often flouted the rules, unlike her twin who
always obeyed them.
Classify context clues.2
CHAPTER TWO
G
• Definition
• Description
• Logic
• Reasoning
• Prior knowledge
• Word pictures
Surrounding
words
General Context Clues
We could tell by her indifference to the chocolate
cake that she wasn’t a fan of desserts.
Classify context clues.2
CHAPTER TWO
E
• Consisting of
• Including
• Like
• Such as
• For instance
• For example
• Colons :
• Dashes -- --
Examples
can reveal
meaning.
Example Signal Words
Legumes include such vegetables as peas,
beans, and lentils.
Classify context clues.2
 Let’s Practice - handout
Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills
 We discovered that the authors often
include the meaning of a word through
context clues. But what do you do if you
come across a difficult word and no
context clue was provided? You look it
up in the dictionary.
 On Monday, Nevada became the first to approve
a license for "autonomous vehicles" -- in other
words, cars that cruise, twist and turn without
the need for a driver -- on its roads. The license
goes to the prodigious Google, known more for its
search engine and e-mail service that nonetheless
has been known to plummet into other big ideas
such as space elevators to Internet-enabled
glasses. (Taken and modified from: www.cnn.com/
“Google Gets License to Operate Driverless Cars
in Nevada” by the CNN wire staff. 5/8/12.)
 You probably got the overall message:
Google has been approved a license for
cars that do not need a driver. However,
there was a word in the paragraph that
did not have a context clue, prodigious.
 It may be an important word to know the
meaning of in order to completely
understand the paragraph. Let’s look it
up in the dictionary.
Dictionary Entries
 Dictionary entries provide more than just the
meaning of the word.
1. Syllabication – How is the word broken down into
syllables?
2. Pronunciation – How do you pronounce the word?
3. Function of the word – What is the part of speech?
4. Etymology – Where did this word come from? What
is the history of the word?
5. Other forms – What are the different forms made by
adding to or changing the word’s suffix (ending)?
Dictionaries
 Listed below are some recommended
Collegiate (which means “of or intended
for college students”) Dictionaries.
 Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary
 The American Heritage Dictionary
 The Random House Dictionary
 We used a hard copy dictionary to find the
meaning of the above word, but there are also
many on-line dictionaries. Let’s look up
another word in this paragraph – plummet.
This time we will use an on-line dictionary.
 Listed below are some on-line dictionaries you
may want to try out.
 http://www.merriam-webster.com/
 http://dictionary.reference.com/
 http://www.yourdictionary.com/
 So now we have figured out three words.
 We know what autonomous means by the context
clues provided.
 And what does prodigious mean?
 And plummet?
 On Monday, Nevada became the first to approve a
license for "autonomous vehicles" -- in other words,
cars that cruise, twist and turn without the need
for a driver -- on its roads. The license goes to the
prodigious Google, known more for its search engine
and e-mail service that nonetheless has been known
to plummet into other big ideas such as space
elevators to Internet-enabled glasses.
Let’s go on a
dictionary scavenger
hunt.

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados (20)

How to Write an Article
How to Write an ArticleHow to Write an Article
How to Write an Article
 
Dictionary skills (session 5)
Dictionary skills (session 5)Dictionary skills (session 5)
Dictionary skills (session 5)
 
Vocabulary building skills
Vocabulary building skillsVocabulary building skills
Vocabulary building skills
 
Skimming and Scanning
Skimming and ScanningSkimming and Scanning
Skimming and Scanning
 
Collocations
CollocationsCollocations
Collocations
 
Dictionary skills
Dictionary skillsDictionary skills
Dictionary skills
 
Translation Skill
Translation SkillTranslation Skill
Translation Skill
 
Paragraph writing
Paragraph writingParagraph writing
Paragraph writing
 
Formal and informal writing power point
Formal and informal writing power pointFormal and informal writing power point
Formal and informal writing power point
 
Sentence structure
Sentence structureSentence structure
Sentence structure
 
How to write a paragraph
How to write a paragraphHow to write a paragraph
How to write a paragraph
 
Paragraph Writing
Paragraph WritingParagraph Writing
Paragraph Writing
 
Paragraph Writing
Paragraph WritingParagraph Writing
Paragraph Writing
 
dictionary types and dictionary users
dictionary types and dictionary usersdictionary types and dictionary users
dictionary types and dictionary users
 
Paragraph Writing
Paragraph WritingParagraph Writing
Paragraph Writing
 
Academic reading
Academic readingAcademic reading
Academic reading
 
Translation skills
Translation skillsTranslation skills
Translation skills
 
Coherence
CoherenceCoherence
Coherence
 
Dictionary Skills
Dictionary SkillsDictionary Skills
Dictionary Skills
 
Academic writing
Academic writingAcademic writing
Academic writing
 

Destaque

Sage approach to vocabulary
Sage approach to vocabularySage approach to vocabulary
Sage approach to vocabularybswetland
 
Instructional Design Project - Dictionary Skills
Instructional Design Project - Dictionary SkillsInstructional Design Project - Dictionary Skills
Instructional Design Project - Dictionary SkillsNatalie Harvey
 
Dictionary And Parts Of Speech
Dictionary And Parts Of SpeechDictionary And Parts Of Speech
Dictionary And Parts Of SpeechDebbie Lahav
 
How a Dictionary is Organized
How a Dictionary is OrganizedHow a Dictionary is Organized
How a Dictionary is OrganizedJamie Fleming
 
Parts Of A Dictionary
Parts Of A DictionaryParts Of A Dictionary
Parts Of A Dictionarynmcclure
 
Oxford dictionary
Oxford dictionaryOxford dictionary
Oxford dictionarycarcifmon
 
How to use a dictionary
How to use a dictionaryHow to use a dictionary
How to use a dictionaryBob Bob
 
Dictionary skills t1 s3
Dictionary skills t1 s3Dictionary skills t1 s3
Dictionary skills t1 s3lancesfa
 
Building Vocabulary Using Context Clues
Building Vocabulary Using Context CluesBuilding Vocabulary Using Context Clues
Building Vocabulary Using Context Cluesawelsheimer
 

Destaque (18)

Sage approach to vocabulary
Sage approach to vocabularySage approach to vocabulary
Sage approach to vocabulary
 
Instructional Design Project - Dictionary Skills
Instructional Design Project - Dictionary SkillsInstructional Design Project - Dictionary Skills
Instructional Design Project - Dictionary Skills
 
Lis119 b
Lis119 bLis119 b
Lis119 b
 
Dictionary And Parts Of Speech
Dictionary And Parts Of SpeechDictionary And Parts Of Speech
Dictionary And Parts Of Speech
 
How a Dictionary is Organized
How a Dictionary is OrganizedHow a Dictionary is Organized
How a Dictionary is Organized
 
Dictionary Skills
Dictionary SkillsDictionary Skills
Dictionary Skills
 
Dictionaries
DictionariesDictionaries
Dictionaries
 
Parts Of A Dictionary
Parts Of A DictionaryParts Of A Dictionary
Parts Of A Dictionary
 
Oxford English Dictionary
Oxford English DictionaryOxford English Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
 
Dictionaries
DictionariesDictionaries
Dictionaries
 
Dictionary ppt
Dictionary pptDictionary ppt
Dictionary ppt
 
Oxford dictionary
Oxford dictionaryOxford dictionary
Oxford dictionary
 
Parts of a Dictionary
Parts of a DictionaryParts of a Dictionary
Parts of a Dictionary
 
Context clues
Context cluesContext clues
Context clues
 
How to use a dictionary
How to use a dictionaryHow to use a dictionary
How to use a dictionary
 
Dictionary skills t1 s3
Dictionary skills t1 s3Dictionary skills t1 s3
Dictionary skills t1 s3
 
Building Vocabulary Using Context Clues
Building Vocabulary Using Context CluesBuilding Vocabulary Using Context Clues
Building Vocabulary Using Context Clues
 
Context Clues
Context CluesContext Clues
Context Clues
 

Semelhante a Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills (20)

Eng 81 using a dictionary
Eng 81 using a dictionaryEng 81 using a dictionary
Eng 81 using a dictionary
 
Grammar: Clauses
Grammar: ClausesGrammar: Clauses
Grammar: Clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
clauses
clausesclauses
clauses
 
clauses
clausesclauses
clauses
 
A09 w clauses
A09 w clausesA09 w clauses
A09 w clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Clauses.pps
Clauses.ppsClauses.pps
Clauses.pps
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Essay definition wma
Essay definition wmaEssay definition wma
Essay definition wma
 
خطةعمل
خطةعملخطةعمل
خطةعمل
 
Grammar Review
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Grammar Review
 
Clauses
ClausesClauses
Clauses
 
Adjectiveversusadverb
AdjectiveversusadverbAdjectiveversusadverb
Adjectiveversusadverb
 
Engl1101 Spring 2013-- Nagel
Engl1101 Spring 2013-- NagelEngl1101 Spring 2013-- Nagel
Engl1101 Spring 2013-- Nagel
 

Mais de Elizabeth Buchanan

Perspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literarturePerspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literartureElizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationrEng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationrElizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 83 r transitions and patterns of organization
Eng 83 r transitions and patterns of organizationEng 83 r transitions and patterns of organization
Eng 83 r transitions and patterns of organizationElizabeth Buchanan
 
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114Elizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp detailsEng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp detailsElizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 72 transitions and thought patterns
Eng 72 transitions and thought patternsEng 72 transitions and thought patterns
Eng 72 transitions and thought patternsElizabeth Buchanan
 
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72Elizabeth Buchanan
 

Mais de Elizabeth Buchanan (20)

Analyzing literature
Analyzing literatureAnalyzing literature
Analyzing literature
 
Perspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literarturePerspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literarture
 
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationrEng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
 
Eng 83 r fact & opinion
Eng 83 r fact & opinionEng 83 r fact & opinion
Eng 83 r fact & opinion
 
Eng 83 r know what learn
Eng 83 r know what learnEng 83 r know what learn
Eng 83 r know what learn
 
Eng 83 r transitions and patterns of organization
Eng 83 r transitions and patterns of organizationEng 83 r transitions and patterns of organization
Eng 83 r transitions and patterns of organization
 
Eng 83 r week 7 day 1 100614
Eng 83 r week 7 day 1 100614Eng 83 r week 7 day 1 100614
Eng 83 r week 7 day 1 100614
 
Elements of a story
Elements of a storyElements of a story
Elements of a story
 
Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814r
Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814rEng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814r
Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814r
 
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
 
Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514
Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514
Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514
 
Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714
Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714
Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714
 
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp detailsEng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
 
Introduction to-poetry (1)
Introduction to-poetry (1)Introduction to-poetry (1)
Introduction to-poetry (1)
 
Elements of Poetry
Elements of PoetryElements of Poetry
Elements of Poetry
 
Week 2 day 2 090314 rev
Week 2 day 2 090314 revWeek 2 day 2 090314 rev
Week 2 day 2 090314 rev
 
Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514
Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514
Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514
 
Eng 72 transitions and thought patterns
Eng 72 transitions and thought patternsEng 72 transitions and thought patterns
Eng 72 transitions and thought patterns
 
Eng 72 fact & opinion r
Eng 72 fact & opinion rEng 72 fact & opinion r
Eng 72 fact & opinion r
 
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
 

Último

PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 

Último (20)

PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 

Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills

  • 1. English 72 – E. Buchanan – Porterville College
  • 2. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education Inc. 2 Define vocabulary.1 Vocabulary − all the words used or understood by a person A Context Clue − the information that surrounds a new word, and is used to understand its meaning
  • 3. CHAPTER TWO Use Context Clues to Study Vocabulary S • Synonyms A • Antonyms G • General Context E • Examples A SAGE Approach 2 Classify context clues.
  • 4. CHAPTER TWO S • Parentheses ( ) • Dashes -- -- • Commas , , • Or • That is Words with the same meaning Synonym Signal Words Prince William’s bride followed the conventions (traditions) of society by wearing a white gown. 2 Classify context clues.
  • 5. CHAPTER TWO A • But • However • In contrast • Instead • Unlike • Not • Yet • On the other hand Words with the opposite meaning Antonym Signal Words Cheryl often flouted the rules, unlike her twin who always obeyed them. Classify context clues.2
  • 6. CHAPTER TWO G • Definition • Description • Logic • Reasoning • Prior knowledge • Word pictures Surrounding words General Context Clues We could tell by her indifference to the chocolate cake that she wasn’t a fan of desserts. Classify context clues.2
  • 7. CHAPTER TWO E • Consisting of • Including • Like • Such as • For instance • For example • Colons : • Dashes -- -- Examples can reveal meaning. Example Signal Words Legumes include such vegetables as peas, beans, and lentils. Classify context clues.2
  • 10.  We discovered that the authors often include the meaning of a word through context clues. But what do you do if you come across a difficult word and no context clue was provided? You look it up in the dictionary.
  • 11.  On Monday, Nevada became the first to approve a license for "autonomous vehicles" -- in other words, cars that cruise, twist and turn without the need for a driver -- on its roads. The license goes to the prodigious Google, known more for its search engine and e-mail service that nonetheless has been known to plummet into other big ideas such as space elevators to Internet-enabled glasses. (Taken and modified from: www.cnn.com/ “Google Gets License to Operate Driverless Cars in Nevada” by the CNN wire staff. 5/8/12.)
  • 12.  You probably got the overall message: Google has been approved a license for cars that do not need a driver. However, there was a word in the paragraph that did not have a context clue, prodigious.  It may be an important word to know the meaning of in order to completely understand the paragraph. Let’s look it up in the dictionary.
  • 13. Dictionary Entries  Dictionary entries provide more than just the meaning of the word. 1. Syllabication – How is the word broken down into syllables? 2. Pronunciation – How do you pronounce the word? 3. Function of the word – What is the part of speech? 4. Etymology – Where did this word come from? What is the history of the word? 5. Other forms – What are the different forms made by adding to or changing the word’s suffix (ending)?
  • 14. Dictionaries  Listed below are some recommended Collegiate (which means “of or intended for college students”) Dictionaries.  Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary  The American Heritage Dictionary  The Random House Dictionary
  • 15.  We used a hard copy dictionary to find the meaning of the above word, but there are also many on-line dictionaries. Let’s look up another word in this paragraph – plummet. This time we will use an on-line dictionary.  Listed below are some on-line dictionaries you may want to try out.  http://www.merriam-webster.com/  http://dictionary.reference.com/  http://www.yourdictionary.com/
  • 16.  So now we have figured out three words.  We know what autonomous means by the context clues provided.  And what does prodigious mean?  And plummet?  On Monday, Nevada became the first to approve a license for "autonomous vehicles" -- in other words, cars that cruise, twist and turn without the need for a driver -- on its roads. The license goes to the prodigious Google, known more for its search engine and e-mail service that nonetheless has been known to plummet into other big ideas such as space elevators to Internet-enabled glasses.
  • 17. Let’s go on a dictionary scavenger hunt.

Notas do Editor

  1. Context Clues Effective readers interact with new words in a number of ways. One way is to use context clues. The meaning of a word is shaped by its context. The word context means “surroundings.” The meaning of a word is shaped by the words surrounding it—its context. Effective readers use context clues to learn new words. Activity: Write a few sentences from various college textbooks on the board. Ask students to identify unfamiliar words. Circle these, then ask students to examine the sentences further for clues to meaning. Underline any clues that students suggest. Point out that astute readers can often discover helpful hints to meaning in the surrounding context. Suggest that students look within the sentence and also read beyond the sentence to find clues that reveal meaning.
  2. There are four types of context clues: Synonyms, Antonyms, General context, and Examples Notice that, put together, the first letter of each context clue spells the word SAGE. The word sage means “wise.” Using context clues is a wise—a SAGE—reading strategy.  
  3. Synonyms A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. Many times, an author will place a synonym near a new or difficult word as a context clue to the word’s meaning. Usually, a synonym is set off with a pair of commas, a pair of dashes, or a pair of parentheses before and after it.  
  4. Antonyms An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. Antonyms help you see the shade of a word’s meaning by showing you what the original word is not. Sometimes antonyms can be found next to the new word. In those cases, commas, dashes, or parentheses set them off. At other times, antonyms are placed in other parts of the sentence to emphasize the contrast between the ideas.
  5. General Context Often you will find that the author has not provided either a synonym clue or an antonym clue. In that case, you will have to rely on the general context of the passage to figure out the meaning of the unfamiliar word. This requires you to read the entire sentence, or to read ahead for a few sentences, for information that will help you understand the new word.   Information about the word can be included in the passage in several ways. Sometimes a definition of the word may be provided. Vivid word pictures or descriptions of a situation can provide a sense of the word’s meaning. Sometimes you may need to figure out the meaning of an unknown word by using logic and reasoning skills.
  6. Examples Many times an author will show the meaning of a new or difficult word by providing an example. Signal words indicate that an example is coming.