1. POPBL-Based Education and Training System on Robotics Training Effectiveness *Chien-Pen, Chuang、**Yi-Jeng, Huang、 ***Guo-Hao, Lin、***Yu-Chun Huang *Professor **Doctorial Candidate *** Graduate Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei, R.O.C

2. Introduction(1) Five Types of robotics education Robot Subject Instruction(RSI) Robot-Assisted Instruction (RAI) Robot-Managed Instruction (RMI) Robot-Represented Routine (RRR) Robot-Directed Instruction (RDI)

3. Introduction(2) Robot Education Status in Taiwan Robotics instruction of RSI’s quality and quantity had not yet reached the standards. (Zhang and Zhang, 2008) Taiwan’s robotics instruction followed a more traditional didactic instruction and was ineffective currently.(Chuang, 2004)

4. Introduction(3) What is the better Robot instructions? PBL is a popular instruction for robot education and it has proved that it have a better performance than didactic instruction. (Arlegui, Fava & Menegatti,2008 ; Mayo,2005) Disadvantage of PBL Problem based on Scenario is so huge, complex, unclean. Searching answer freely To go out of focus and get inefficient.

5. Introduction(4) Merrill(2007) proposed that at the beginning of PBL, teachers should give students smaller and less complex tasks or projects to correspond with students’ entry behavior, such as prior knowledge. Authentic problems or tasks in the real world should be given step by step, and a teacher’s role gradually changed from an instructor to an assistant. POPBL is in order to solve learner’s insufficient prior and lack of clean direction.(Helbo and Borch,2006; Egon Moesby,2005)

6. Introduction(5) This study apply the POPBL teaching strategy to robotics programs and discuss its learning performance and satisfaction.

7. POPBL METHODOLOGY Research Subjects Samples in this experiment were 30 students currently enrolled at Department of Applied Electronics Technology, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) (22 males and 7 females ). One student was suspended later and thus the number of effective samples was reduced to 29.

8. Research Framework

9. Research Process

10. Research Tool RESEARCH TOOLs POPBL Robotics Learning Satisfaction Survey Pretest and Posttest Questions

11. POPBL Robotics Learning Satisfaction Survey Credibility Analysis

12. POPBL Robotics Learning Satisfaction Survey Validity Analysis Content validity Construct Validity

13. Pretest and Posttest Questions The Study chose and develop items by experts from Robotics Association The questions and items should have expert validity 25,50,25 questions for hard, medium and easy level correspondingly. The items were related to 20 -> mechanical structure 60 -> electronics circuit 20 -> programming

14. Findings and Discussion(1) A. Robotics Instruction Effectiveness Examination

15. Findings and Discussion(2) Robotics Teaching Satisfaction(by items)

16. Robotics Teaching Satisfaction(by construct) The overall satisfaction had reached significant, indicating that students were satisfied after receiving POPBL strategy

17. Project Completion(1) Basic Function “start by sound control”, “stop at places without track”, “go straight at constant speed”, “able to go around a curve”, “able to turn left”, “able to turn right”, “able to pass through short break point”.

18. Project Completion(2) Speed Function “go clockwise” “go counter clockwise”. characteristics section “LED display left or right turn”, “able to play music during performance”, “unique design”, “unique function”.

19. Project Completion(4) Project Completion Group Technical Evaluation Performance

20. Project Completion(5) POPBL Robotics Technology Learning Overall Performance

21. Conclusion Learning Performance that students’ cognition, problem-solving ability and design concepts improved significantly.

22. Conclusion LEARNING SATISFACTION “POPBL WAY OF TEACHING” “ROBOT MAKING IN SMALL GROUPS” “IN-GROUP DISCUSSION” “ASSISTANT-ASSISTED LEARNING” “AUTONOMOUS LEARNING” “DISCUSSION WITH OTHER GROUPS” “TEACHING MATERIAL”

23. Further Study Research Design Adopting Quai-Experimental Design Expending samples Different Courses