Do not research on the Internet.This weeks work represents yo.docx

Do not research on the Internet.
This week's work represents your final exam but in the form of
a speech. Your speech is due Wednesday, 11:55 p.m. ET and
must be at least 500 words.
SITES: http://www.prindlepost.org/2016/05/removing-slavery-
textbooks/
https://newsone.com/977835/tenn-tea-party-wants-slavery-
removed-from-history-textbooks/
http://www.umsl.edu/services/cps/files/ross-presentation.pdf
http://atlantablackstar.com/2016/06/05/post-traumatic-slave-
syndrome-and-intergenerational-trauma-slavery-is-like-a-curse-
passing-through-the-dna-of-black-people/
A new movement has started since the early 2000s, where some
political groupshttps://newsone.com/977835/tenn-tea-party-
wants-slavery-removed-from-history-textbooks/ are trying to
remove American history from our children's school curriculum
and textbooks, http://www.prindlepost.org/2016/05/removing-
slavery-textbooks/ specifically slave history. However, these
groups also do not want to cover segregation or civil rights. By
removing the history that we have just covered in these last
eight weeks, the African American communities are denied
their connections to American History. Recently, African
Americans have created movements such as "Black Lives
Matter" to counteract these other groups. Many tie slave
history to the development of segregation and racism that has
spread throughout our country. A Historical
Traumahttp://www.umsl.edu/services/cps/files/ross-
presentation.pdf has affected generations of African
Americans http://atlantablackstar.com/2016/06/05/post-
traumatic-slave-syndrome-and-intergenerational-trauma-
slavery-is-like-a-curse-passing-through-the-dna-of-black-
people/

because of what their ancestors had to endure just to survive in
this country. This distrust has developed towards different
groups, agencies and organizations. For those who are not
affected, trying to understand what it means to be an African
American in the United States showcases the need for this
history to be taught in all schools and to every American.
Your final forum is to prepare a speech that would explain to
all of America why African American History from after
Reconstruction to the present should be taught.
Explain why every American should know African American
history. You will be expected to use specific facts, events and
people that you have learned from this course.
These facts, events, and people must come from your required
work this term and from research in the library or from the
course bibliography.
In your speech, demonstrate the breadth of knowledge you have
gained from this work. Do not forget to use in text citations
because you will be using multiple sources.
This post must be at least 500 words.
Remember, I want to see that you have a solid understanding of
African American history and that you ground this final post in
all the required work during the term.
Please remember that as this replaces your final exam, you must
clearly demonstrate what you have learned from all the required
work starting with Week 2 and ending with Week 7. I want to
see the breathe of your knowledge gained in this class. Your
grade will primarily be based on that. You have at least three
posts. Use them to further demonstrate how much you have
learned from the required material and your research.
Remember that this forum is worth 10 percent of your grade.

My week 2 post
Legislation "It is powerless to eradicate racial instincts or to
abolish distinctions based upon physical differences, and the
attempt to do so can only result in accentuating the difficulties
of the present situation." What effect did Plessy versus
Ferguson have?
In the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson the United States Supreme
Court decided that racially separate amenities, if equal, barely
violate the instilled regulation. As such, discrimination, the way
the Court judged the Plessy case, was not discrimination. As
Administered by Chief Justice Melville Fuller, the Court proved
and discerned the separate-but-equal decree (Hoffer, 2014).
With respect to the Supreme Court of the United States, in the
year 1890, a new-fangled Louisiana regulation made it
compulsory for railroads to offer “equal albeit separate places
for white, and African-Americans, or basically races.” Having
had enough, the black community in New Orleans opted to
assess the law. Such That on the day of June 7th 1892, Homer
Plessy decided to be arrested for declining to change from a seat
meant for whites. The Judge of the day honorable John H.
Ferguson espoused the decree. As such whereas, power was the
main impetus that helped in thwarting alienation of African-
Americans in society, it hardly did much with respect to this
law. Since, it was law that espoused more division and
inequality in society. The law that is supposed to protect and
uphold rights of every individual citizen was set, in as much as
people were racially different, it still espoused some sort of
segregation putting whites and blacks and their basic facilities.
This excerpt seeks to discourse the Plessy vs. Ferguson case
that revolved around the law being equal but not to entirety; and
a landmark decision that the courts of the land took. Plessey’s
dispute was that his lawful rights were violated, and that the
Court decided to rule that regulation inferred that “it was

simply a lawful distinction” between blacks and whites and
hardly diverged with the 13th and14th law adjustments
(Mcloughlin, 2014). Obstructive legislature because of
unrelenting following Plessy resolve was that it was rational
perception barely reversed until Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka in the year 1954. In that way physical differences did
not mean much at that time, but to the people affected (African-
Americans) it was still a nagging issue that ought to have been
resolved. The Plessy vs. Ferguson case was a classical instance
that was a linchpin to a number outcries directed towards civil
rights and civil liberties for disfranchised African-American
(Hoffer, 2014).
References
Hoffer, W. H. (2014). Plessy v. Ferguson: The effects of
lawyering on a challenge to Jim Crow. Journal of Supreme
Court History, 39(1), 1-21.
Mcloughlin, W.G. (2014). After the Trail of Tears: The
Cherokees Struggle for Sovereignty, 1839-1880. UNC Press
African American Women in History
In discussing history of African American, much focus is put on
the likes of Martin Luther King among other renowned activists
but women are left out, and their contribution is never
recognized. The omission paints a picture that African
American women never contributed to history that they are
enjoying right now. This paper examines some women who
significantly contributed to African American history though
much has not been covered about them. Few people have indeed
acknowledged their contributions especially in African
American Women and the culture at large through the struggles
that is stated in the book, Radical Sisters.
Anne M. Valk is one of the authors who wrote on the black
liberation in Washington DC and women activism in the 1960s
and 1970s. She attributes to the formation of female
organizations during that era that aimed at championing for

women and African Americans (Thompson, 2002). The body
formation was one of the initiatives that were initiated in
Washington to ensure the voices of African American women
were heard and well addressed. The second-wave feminism
although it was embraced by all women in America it was
thwarted with the division based on race, class, and sexuality.
Anne is one of the leaders that use her ability to write, and as
an African America, she writes about the struggle that they went
through in the fight for their welfare rights and reproductive
control and against sexual atrocities (Anne, 2008). She
acknowledges how second- wave feminism and the black
liberation moulded the grassroots and the perceptions of other
African American women in general. Apart from writing this
book, the Radical Sisters, Anne has also written other books
about African American women at the culture.
Indeed Anne is a good example of women who are not
celebrated in their leadership roles and their contribution to
history as their counterparts. Anne contrary to the likes of
Luther who used civil movements to fight for space, she uses
her novels to talk about the plea and the liberation of the
African Americans. Most of the women were not on the
battlefields or the streets, but they used other platforms to
impact African America history and not to acknowledge them
may be seen as a mockery of them.
References
Thompson, B. (2002). Multiracial feminism: Recasting the
chronology of second wave feminism. Feminist Studies, 28(2),
337-360.
Valk, A. M. (2008). Radical sisters: second-wave feminism and
black liberation in Washington (Vol. 117). University of Illinois
Press.
Week 3 post
Education and personal development are important factors in the
life of any human being, and so are political rights. Focusing

only on one area of development and ignoring another leads to
an imbalance in society. I am an African American domestic
worker in support of Du Bois. With the illegalization of slavery,
life for3 African Americans did not get any better. How could
it? We still 7suffered discrimination, brutality and abuse from
whites for a prolonged period of time. The justice system was
not available to us and for a long time, we had to get used to the
inequalities. Anyone who dared rise up against these wrongs
risked cruelty and even execution. To change such a system,
advocating for political rights and equality is important. Du
Bois is well aware of this. He stood up publicly against
segregation. While he was completely in support of education
and personal development, Du Bois also understood that
focusing only on these two led to submission. How, for
instance, were African Americans supposed to advance their
political interests and ensure the fulfillment of their political
needs it they did not have any representation in politics? How
are we to achieve better pay, better education and other social
services if we are not even allowed to vote for a leader we
believe will advance out interests? I support Du Bois because I
believe that equality is important if we are to accept that the
days of slavery are truly behind us. Du Bois acknowledges that
allowing ourselves to conform to the norms of this society, to
do only that which they allow us to do is equal to submission.
We are limited to the kind of jobs that whites allow us to have,
and the amount of money, which is in most instances a meager
pay, that they think we deserve. Why would we appreciate and
be jubilant because of emancipation yet accept to be treated as
second class human beings?
References
The Guardian, 2012, How the end of slavery led to starvation
and death for millions of black Americans. Retrieved
fromhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/16/slavery-
starvation-civil-war
Chester Fontenot, 2014, Life and Legacy of Booker T.

Washington. Retrieved from https://www.c-
span.org/video/?321185-1/life-legacy-booker-t-washington
W. E. B Du Bois, 1903 , The Souls of Black Folk
Week 4 post
How did James Baldwin compare the African-American
experience to the Algerian experience in France?
African-Americans are treated not equal to whites. They are
seen to be less human. At a time they are compared with
animals because of the skin color. On the other side, the
Algerians have a good and a smooth relationship in France.
They are treated equally, they go to the same school and have
access to better healthcare just like other citizens in France.
This is an indication that in France, they don’t treat people
according to their skin. They have respect for humanity. This is
very different from the discrimination the African Americans
are subjected to. They are enslaved and forced to work hard
with meager pay.
Why James Baldwin went to France
He started to realize that he was a gay when he was still a
teenager. In the year 1948, knowing that he would not be served
in a restaurant and he would be denied services, he went to the
waitress and was told that African Americans were not allowed
to be served in that particular restaurant. He threw a glass at the
waitress which shattered the mirror that was behind the bar.
Because he wanted to distance himself from the American
prejudice, he decided to go to France.
In the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s which African Americans were
model figures to African Americans? How did they influence
white Americans to see African Americans differently?
The model figures was 1940s and they influence white
Americans to see differently African Americans by staging
several human rights organization.
Reference
Schwarz, B., & Kaplan, C. (2014;2011;). James Baldwin :

America and beyond. Ann
Retired Lieutenant Colonel Gilda Jackson
Women for a very long time where not given opportunities to
serve in the militaries all over the world. United States is
among those countries where women were not considered so
much with regards to military opportunities. To add on to the
already existing prejudice, African American women were even
much disadvantaged when it came to being given chances to
serve in the military. However, with much prejudice that
African American women had in regards to being given
opportunities to serve in the military, some like Jackson A.
Gilda managed to become soldiers and even rise through the
ranks as will be seen in the discussion.
Jackson Gilda is a highly decorated soldier and was the first
African American woman to be promoted to the rank of colonel
in the U.S. Marine Corps. She served for nearly 30 years and
ultimately retired as a lieutenant colonel. She was born in
Columbus, Ohio in 1950. Her father died when she was the age
of 16. She graduated from high school during the escalation of
the Vietnam War, and not long after that she was enlisted in the
Marines. She served in the military for three years, where she
rose to the rank of sergeant. When initial obligation to the
military ended she went back to finish college as she had
promised her mother when joining the military. She attended
Ohio Dominican College, where she enrolled in the Marine
Officer Candidate Platoon Leader Course.
After she had graduated college, Jackson returned to military
life. She was then commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1975.
She began her career in the marine aviation that included stints
as a supply officer for the Stations Operations and Engineering
Squadron in El Toro, California. These experienced prepared
her for the Marine command and convinced others to allow her
to pursue more training. She attended and the graduated from
the Amphibious Warfare School in 1983. From there she served
in the Headquarters and Maintenance Squadron of the Marine

Aircraft Group 13 in El Toro once again.
Jackson continued to rise in the military, and the Marines
selected her to attend the War College at Maxwell Air Force
Base in Montgomery, Alabama. After graduation, she reported
to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing and shortly earned a promotion
to colonel and received the command of the Naval Aviation
Depot at Cherry Point, North Carolina. At the time of her
retirement in 2001, she had received Defense Meritorious
Service Medal with gold star among others. After retirement,
she briefly pursued a career in politics where she ran
unsuccessfully for a seat in North Carolina House of
Representatives.
References
https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/223160914?pq-
origsite=summon&accountid=8289
https://search-proquest-
com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/367963751/DD0C2905B8B248
33PQ/3?accountid=8289
week 5
What effect did the World War II wartime experience have on
African Americans? Did their experiences help or hinder the
progress toward equality in America? How were they treated
during World War II? Did the government take any steps to ease
discrimination against African Americans in war industries?
According to Kelly (2014), the Second World War had a
positive impact on the experiences of African American
individuals. They had been going through hardships
discriminated against not offered jobs, given little aid by
concerned agencies and men could not be given equal chances
to participate in the military just like their white partners.
During this era of World War 2, black people gained new
industrial opportunities and men were called into the army in
rising numbers. African American community regained a
foothold in the industrial economy and was able to break the job

ceiling. Semiskilled and skilled employment opportunities were
open for them. However, the process to implement these
possibilities was slow as many employers, government agencies
and labor unions still discriminated blacks, and their efforts in
participating in Warfield was undermined (Lewis, 2014).
African Americans’ experiences during the depression years did
not hinder progress toward fighting for equality. Holloway
(2012) says that they refused to close ranks of Second World
War as they supported the nation's declaration of war against
Germany and Japan. They could not dream of post pining their
struggles for full citizenship and civil rights; they wanted a
double victory, at home and abroad. Despite their thirst for
freedom against racial injustices, African American community
still faced prejudice. The U.S protests against racism of Nazi
Germany, black people were discriminated against in their
homes and abroad. In the job industry; blacks were only given
janitorial jobs. During the war, as white pilots were trained to
fly warplanes. On the other hand, blacks were barred by the war
department for Air corps and instead was admitted to the army
in large numbers. They were segregated and made responsible
for maintenance, supplies, building and taking care of wounded
and dead bodies. Black women also faced same treatment during
the war period. They could be assaulted but they resisted such
treatment, and this led to eruption of racial violence.
With continual fight and efforts to seek justice against
apartheid, African American community faced with many
challenges managed to get through. With aid of those in
government, despite many oppositions from some of the leaders,
associations were founded that would advocate for civil rights
and equality. For example March on Washington Movement
(MOWM) and FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Committee).

References
Holloway, J. (2012). African American History: From
Emancipation to the Present. http://oyc.yale.edu/african-
american-studies/afam-162/lecture-11
Kelley, R. D. G., & Lewis, E. (Eds.). (2014). To make our world
a new: a history of African Americans.
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu
Letter to Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
August 23, 1934.
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt,
The first lady of the United States,
Dear Mrs. Roosevelt,
First I wish to thank you for giving us a chance to write to you.
I am writing this letter as a government representative of
African Americans in Atlanta. Madam you are closer to the
president than any of us and that is why I want to highlight
some of the issues faced by my fellow black Americans in
Atlanta .The first issue is discrimination, securing a job for
most of us in the south is a problem because jobs are awarded to
whites only.
Joblessness means many families have no money to buy food
and other basic commodities. Some charities refuse to provide
relief food to the blacks and violence against the blacks here in
the south is an everyday affair. The living conditions of African
Americans in the south are not good; we face rejection and
discrimination daily. In fact most of the whites still think we
are slaves and it is not our right to live in America. This is why
I am requesting you in my capacity as a representative of my
people that you may intervene in any way you can and advocate
for the equal rights of the blacks. Madam please let the

president know that black people are only asking for equal
rights and fair treatment. We need jobs, education, housing,
food and basic commodities. I know you are a mother too and
the children here are suffering, they have no food, clothing and
most are homeless. I believe every American whether black or
white should be given equal rights. We as the African
Americans have a lot to contribute towards nation building; all
we are asking for is an equal chance to do so.
With the deepest respect and admiration,
Carol Richards,
Black American representative,
Atlanta, Ga.
The reason why I would write such a letter is because; one, Mrs.
Roosevelt was in fore-front in advocating for the rights of the
blacks. Second is because the blacks in the 1930s were still
facing discrimination (Cohen, 2002). I would have taken that
chance to write to the first lady about the problems faced by the
blacks and maybe the grievances of blacks would have reached
the president.
References
Cohen, R. (2002). Dear Mrs. Roosevelt: letters from children of
the Great Depression. Univ of North Carolina Press.
WEEK 6
The evolution of the status of black people in the community
has been achieved through a lot of blood and sweat. There were
various organizations that were formed then in order to
consolidate and coordinate activities of the activities of
blacks. These activities were the beginning of a great revolution
and the civil rights movements in America. The most successful
strategy for me was to consolidate organizations rather than
people. This is because of the pre established influence of
organizations and the man power availed by them.
Two of these organizations that existed during the revolution
were Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). These were
major civil rights movements at a time when there was need for

revolution. The two were however formed for a different
purpose. SCLC was formed for the purpose of facilitating non
violent protests, while SNCC was interested in the speeding up
of the ruling in Brown V Board of Education where racial
segregation in the education sector was held unconstitutional.
This debate is in exaltation of SCLC. It appears that the impact
of SCLC was felt much more than SNCC. This is because with
SCLC it was about scratching the surface and taking it as far as
possible. The formation of SCLC was to bring together major
organizations in the civil rights movement in order to join
forces and achieve a common objective. The membership of this
organization was not individual but rather organization based.
This was a much stronger approach because ideally there was
still fear and doubt as to the extent to which black community
revolution could go.
One of the most outstanding characters in the organization was
Dorothy Cotton. Her role is definitely not one to ignore. She
was actively involved in public awareness. This was the most
powerful strategy of most organizations. They intended to reach
out to as many individuals as possible so as to sensitize them on
voting in order to enact revolution in a powerful way. She was
also involved in educational programs. Due to the colonization
and black community oppression, a lot of black people ended up
illiterate. Dorothy was therefore actively involved in the
elimination of black illiteracy. (Carson, 2016)
Other reasons as to why SCLC was more influential than SNCC
was because of the diversity of objectives. This debate does not
aim to discredit the efforts of SNCC, not at all. The problem
with SNCC was that it was specific in its objective. They
organization was focused on ensuring free access and resources
to all black children as those accorder to white children. The
SCLC on the other hand was trying to stretch its muscle as far
as possible. It was aimed at peace, equality, economic stability,
elimination of illiteracy and so on. While there are numerous
similarities such as the encouragement of immense voter
registration, the differences are in the objectives and strategies

adopted. (Kelley, 2014)
REFERENCES
Carson, C. (2016). CEP: Challenge to the ‘New
Education,’. King Center , 3-7.
Kelley, R. (2014). To Make Our World Anew : A History of
African Americans . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
WEEK 7
Part One
Taking into consideration the history you have learned this
term, why is poverty so persistent among African Americans?
From the readings, the reason why poverty is so persistent
among African Americans is because there was violent jailing
and repressions of black radicals that fully changed the
movements. In some occasions, African leaders became
ineffective because of oppressions and they also turned into
martyrs.
The other reason why poverty is persistent in Africa American
is because, from history, Black women in general got
exploitation and oppression from black men. Black women have
been particularly oppressed (Robin, Kelley, and Earl Lewis,
2014). On job matters, women are taken to be low the totem
pole. In African Americans, white women have several
problems, leading to high poverty levels. These women are
interviewed for their floor mopping and other stuff like that.
This represents exploitation. Feminism is apparent in African
Americans and there is domination by male in government and
family and this has led to inferior status of women in society.
The other reason why poverty is persistent in African
Americans is because, in the past, women were taken to be as
passive and weak or as sex objects for the pleasure of male.
Feminists did not simply need to take the place of men in power
positions, to change the dominance of male for female
dominance, they fought struggled to change the domination of
male with a more simply equitable society (Robin, Kelley, and
Earl Lewis, 2014). In irony, this novel wave of black feminism

was partially a reaction to male bigotry in Black Power, Civil
Rights, and student actions of the period.
Several political movements that were formed and later the
challenges from other groups makes African Americans to
remain poor. After some time, women who were active in
welfare rights started to feel some movements for example the
NBFO eluded the challenges of poor women, and several
African-American who were lesbians criticized this movement
for homophobia ignorance for concentrating to simply matters
impacting heterosexual women. All these challenges that
encountered black American from history still enables the
persistent of poverty among black Americans (Robin, Kelley,
and Earl Lewis, 2014).
Part Two
How did Ronald Reagan's presidency change the economic
reality for African Americans?
Ronald Reagan as a president did a lot than just say, “to hell
with ‘em,” however accepted a role that is proactive in the
rolling back civil rights and the progress of black and thus
improving the economic reality. In the administration terms,
clearly and direct visible actions against the interests of African
American, a person will have to go back to an administration
that is Democratic. For the African Americans, President
Reagan era demonstrated to be an uncompromising test of the
maturity and strength of its political organizations after
numerous decades of development and growth.
In the past, the bombing was orchestrated by white supremacists
reacting for civil rights protests in Birmingham. And a child
who was very young lived in a neighborhood in which black-
owned homes were firebombed so regularly that it was labeled
“dynamite hill.” This bombings were as a result of white
residents trying to keep black families out of that section of
Birmingham. The bombings greatly impacted the economic for
black African Americans.
In the regime of Regan capitalists or business owners, are
capable of exploiting labor by denying the access of workers to

other income sources through private procession of factories
and land (Robin, Kelley, and Earl Lewis, 2014). Therefore,
workers had no choice but to labor for wages in order to
survive, a position that breeds conflict and dislike between
those who have wealth and the ones that lack. Marxists
understands that, this conflict between workforces and owners
is an essential feature of capitalist society (Berlin, 2009). In the
Reagan era, to resolve it, they believe in substituting capitalism
with “socialism”, an organization in which people who are
working, in theory share the fruits of their effort. Factories and
land would not be processed by private people but by
individuals who work them (Robin, Kelley, and Earl Lewis,
2014). Labor objective of will not be to enrich the few but to
raise life quality for all. In the Reagan’s administration,
education quality and health care would not be stuffs one would
pay for exclusively but would be compensated for by and
accessible to all society.
References
Berlin, I. (2009). Generations of captivity: A history of African-
American slaves. Harvard University Press.
Robin D. G. Kelley, and Earl Lewis, (2014). To Make Our
World Anew: A History of African Americans. Oxford
University Press, ProQuest Ebook Central, .Created from apus
on 2017-09-19 17:30:31.
Academics presently take cognizance of the fact that women
were aggressively involved in the deliberations that coupled the
civil right movements and wars prior to independence, and that
subsequently the war a notable number sought a more extensive
political role for themselves. In addition, men applauded
women’s backing for the war initiative. The aftermath of the
civil war (similarly noted as the Civil Rights Movement) that
took place through the year 1865-1896 saw the upshot of
American women that were ready and willing to take part in the
fight for justice, universal suffrage, equality and basically civil
liberties (Richardson & Luker, 2014). America history,
documents earning the privilege to vote in 1920; the impact of

women civil rights movement accomplishment with respect to
racial equality and social change were a positive incentive to
promote women concerns including affirmative action. Even so,
the role of women dynamically transformed bit by bit following
the American civil war, the eminent economic reforms and the
First World War, a number of women activist, were initiating
resolves that safeguard suffrage for their citizens who were
disfranchised. On the other hand, other exponents carry on to
underline the conduit in which the period of Reconstruction and
the First World War afforded women a political voice they
barely enjoyed previously. Women's civil rights crusade had
been mounting up a following prior to the war, and later picked
up from where it left off after the end of the war (Ponton,
2015). Albeit, quite a number of women were compelled to go
back to their customary domestic duties, this era marked an
important decisive moment in women's history. In fact, women
were certainly receiving credit, like an instance where former
President Andrew Johnson drafted a letter of commendation to
Sarah Thompson a Union spy, terming her an individual of
utmost decorum. The appearance of women liberation at the
time of wart gave rise to the civil crusade new impetus. The war
had afforded women an opportunity to control their affairs
freely, to make a living, control their own monies, self-
determination among other restricted liberties. Other women
were hardly prepared to contentedly take up the roles they had
had prior to the war. This excerpt seeks to discourse how
women in the American history contributed to espousing civil
liberties for others in society with particular reference to the
Maya Angelou.
It is impossible to mention Women civil rights
movement in America (and the world) without touching on
Maya Angelou. Born in St. Louis in the year 1928, this
incredible woman had been an active member of society since
her childhood. For instance in 1960 she encountered the great
Martin Luther King and took an initiative to raise money for a
cause termed ‘Cabaret for Freedom’ a sort of leadership

conference. At the time she was living in West Africa (Ghana),
she was an energetic member of the African-American émigré
community. At this point is where she encountered Malcolm X
with whom she later becomes a close friend too. Later on after
returning to the United States in the year 1965, Maya Angelou
assisted Malcolm X form the “Organization of Afro-American
Unity”. Nonetheless, before the association could certainly
initiate any operations, Malcolm X was slayed. In the same
token, in the year 1968, while assisting Dr. King consolidates a
peaceful picket, he too was murdered in public (Ponton, 2015).
The demise of these great civil activists is what ultimately
motivated Angelou to become a renowned civil activist, writer
and author of many incredible literal pieces. Angelou was not
only known as a champion of civil rights and social justice, but
she equally advocated for women rights during her lively years.
Looking back in retrospect, in the 19th century, quite a
number of women participated in the drive to obliterate slavery
at the same time working to safeguard self-determination for
African Americans, such women started to perceive lawful
comparisons between their state of affairs and that of
subjugated black women and men (Richardson & Luker, 2014).
Because of the abolitionist movement, feminist school of
thought was engendered, and a majority of women who took
part in the early abolitionist crusades turned out to be key
leaders and inspiration to other later on who rose between the
period of Restoration and World War II in the initial women's
suffrage and rights activities.
References
https://books.google.com/books?id=CafcAwAAQBAJ&printsec=
frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&
f=false
http://www.diss.fu-
berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_
000000005337/Non-violence.pdf

http://www.hssu.edu/ae/aefiles/50/MLK%202015%20Calendar%
20of%20Events1.pdf
Paper Rubrics
Paper #2: The Role of Social Media in American Politics
This is the grading rubric for Paper #2. Please review this file
prior to writing your essay. The Rubric lays out the information
that needs to be included in the paper.
Social media has become a ubiquitous part of modern society
and has emerged in recent years as a tool for people to
participate in politics. In the article linked below, Malcolm
Gladwell expresses some reservations about the utility of social
media as an instrument of political participation. Read the
article and then answer the questions listed below.
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-
malcolm-gladwell
Questions for the paper:
1. Briefly summarize Gladwell's argument. Why is he skeptical
about the use of social media?
2. Do you agree or disagree with Gladwell? What changes to
how social media is used do you think could happen to answer
some of Gladwell's concerns?
3. How do you think social media can best be used in the future
by political campaigns? How can it best be used by citizens to
participate in/engage with the political system?
Please feel free to find other sources that discuss the role of
social media in politics. When using other sources, be sure to
cite them in the paper and list them in your references.
Papers should aim to be somewhere between 3 to 5 pages
(though the most important thing is that all questions are
answered in a complete and clear manner). Please use double-
spacing and default margins.

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