Overview on mobile tech

1. Mobile Technologies

3. Comparison of various operations and networking concepts

5. Wireless Technology Platforms

6. Mobile Phone Access Technologies

7. Mobile Technologies to watch for in future

9. 1G Analog cellular technology Started in the early to mid 1960’s offering simple wireless voice services based on analog technology Were very limited in capacity and did not extend across geographic areas Systems using 1G : AMPS, TACS, and NMT

10. 2G Digital cellular technology Developed in Europe and the US to provide better voice quality, higher capacity as well as lower power consumption Offer support for simple non-voice services like SMS (simple messaging service) Difficult roaming between countries using different systems Types - GSM, TDMA and CDMA

11. 2.5G Packet Based Cellular that have been enhanced to provide for advanced communication applications Also known as Interim Generation Includes GPRS (General Packet Radio service) & EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution)

12. 3G Third Generation Wireless Systems New generation of systems that offer high bandwidth and support digital voice along with multimedia and global roaming. Globally, different systems are being used, so, to migrate to globally acceptable systems, numerous standardization activities were carried out and three systems emerged: W-CDMA, CDMA2000

14. 4G IP based heterogeneous networks that allow users to use any system at any time and anywhere Provides data and multimedia services along with telecommunication services Personalized service by this new-generation network Provide facilities for integrated services(multiple networks including Global Positioning System(GPS), LAN and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) that differ in quality of service (QOS) levels, security policies, device settings, charging methods, and applications

15. 4G REASONS TO HAVE 4G – Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless internet, etc. Wider bandwidths, higher rates. Global mobility and service portability. Low cost. Scalability of mobile networks. Personalization. Application adaptability and highly dynamic.

16. OVERVIEW OF MOBILE TELEPHONE TECHNOLOGIES

17. Wireless Technology Platforms GPRS EDGE WAP

18. GPRS General Packet Radio Service A mobile data service which improves wireless access to networks like the Internet. adds (defines) new packet channels and switching nodes within the GSM system Data rates can go up to 128 kbps, faster than conventional GSM which has a rate for data transmission restricted to 14.4 kbps[7]. GPRS - a package switched service, so data transfer is charged per kilobyte - user can be online for a long time and will only be billed for the transmitted data

19. EDGE EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Evolution) has an increased data transmission rate and reliability. provides up to three times the data capacity of GPRS, namely 384 kbps. Allows downloading video and music clips and e-mail on the move. An add-on for GPRS networks, also called EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS). Each phone with GPRS can also use EDGE

20. WAP Wireless Application Protocol - a standardized way for delivering Internet data over wireless networks. Principal application is to enable access to the Internet from a mobile phone or PDA. A WAP browser provides all of the basic services of a computer based web browser but simplified to operate within the restrictions of a mobile phone. The first step to Internet access on mobile devices

21. Mobile Phone Access Technologies Radio spectrum is a limited resource and has to be shared by all users Hence many techniques have been devised to allow multiple access of same frequency band by different mobile users. They are: TDMA (Time division multiple access), CDMA (Code division multiple access) and FDMA (Frequency division multiple access).

23. Requires high-performing filters in radio hardware

25. TDMA: Features Both signaling and speech channels are digital; hence GSM is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system technology GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories!!! A truly global technology Ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators

26. TDMA: India 2009 Additions in India’s GSMsector fell in September ‘09 to 9.03 million connections as compared to 9.75 million in August and 9.47 in July; the total number of GSM connections in India is now 344.4 million.

27. CDMA The words "code" and "division" are important parts of how CDMA works. CDMA uses codes to convert between analog voice signals and digital signals. CDMA also uses codes to separate (or divide) voice and control data into data streams called "channels."

28. CDMA: Features Has CDMA one (2G, 1995) and CDMA 2000 (3G, 2000) with the latter more popular with 12% of global market share Has limited roaming Better security Higher power requirements Generally better reception and transmission

29. CDMA: India 2009 CDMA subscribers are at 94.5 million as of September ’09 Market share (Subscriber-wise):

31. Lesser Power consumption

34. The Big 3 Some upcoming mobile technologies are: Bluetooth 3.0 Mobile Phone UIs Mobile Web and widgets Location sensing 802.11n boosts Wi-Fi data rates Display technologies Cellular broadband We shall consider the first 3

35. Bluetooth 3.0 Bluetooth 3.0 Specification adopted on April 21 , 2009 Devices supporting this will start arriving from 2010 Bluetooth 3.0 is intended to support three bearers: Classic Bluetooth, Wifi and UltraWideBand Added features: ultra-low-power mode enabling new devices and New Applications such as health monitoring.

36. Mobile Phone UIs Predicted to be an area of Intense competition in 2010 Differences in handsets of Nokia, Sony-Erikkson, Motorola etc Companies expect more demands for support of specific models driven by interface preferences More expectations of Mobile Apps Better Interface  Web more accessible

37. Mobile Web and Widgets Mobile Web is emerging as a low-cost way to deliver simple mobile applications to a range of devices. Limitations to address: No Universal standards for browser accessto handset services like camera or GPS Widgets supported by many mobile browsers Provide a way to stream simple feeds to handsets and small screens Will be part of most B2C mobile strategies in the future

38. Current scenario of Mobile Technology 3G Wireless Systems are the new generation of systems that offer high bandwidth and support digital voice along with multimedia and global roaming. Globally, different systems are being used, so, to migrate to globally acceptable systems, numerous standardization activities were carried out and three systems emerged: W-CDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA

39. Conclusion The innovation of mobile communication standards has been a very active area over the last 10 years There is a shift from paying per minute (1G and 2G) to paying per MB (2.5G, 2.75G and 3G) to flat rate payment (4G). Evolution, Platforms and Access Technologies Technical as well as Business perspective