A description of the history and effects of narcotics and their abuse.

1. By Emily Fender

2.  Narcotics are drugs that are naturally derived from opium or
produce effects like opium that are highly addictive.
 Examples include morphine, codeine, heroin, oxycodone,
methadone, and cocaine.

3.  Narcotics in the form of opium were first used and abused in
China. Smoking and abusing it was a common practice that
was seen as completely normal. This went on for hundreds of
years until addiction was seen negatively. This did not slow
down even after this was discovered.
 Egyptian hieroglyphs show that opium poppy was used by
Romans and Egyptians for pain relief.
 The upper class in the age of Hippocrates smoked opium as
mood altering substances.
 The leaf of the poppy was chewed beginning in the 1700’s for
relaxation.
 Beginning in 1806, morphine began to be extracted from the
poppy flower. It was used for surgeries and giving birth as
analgesia.

4.  In 1853, opiates were more widely abused due to the
invention of the hypodermic needle.
 In the 20th century, morphine was used extensively for
medical pain relief. It was used more for medical purposes as
time went on.
 Synthetic forms of morphine began to be made for medicinal
purposes by the middle 1900’s. Drugs with more tolerable
side effects and better pain management continued to be
developed.
 Now, narcotics are especially associated with crime and
severe addiction.

5.  Narcotics can be taken orally
as pills, inhaled by smoking,
injected by a hypodermic
needle, the leaves of the
poppy plant can be chewed,
and cocaine is snorted.
 The effects are immediate
attaching to the painkilling
sites controlling the release
of endorphins. The opiate
receptors are in the brain,
spinal chord, and intestines.

6.  Narcotics are also called
◦ Brown sugar
◦ Chasing the dragon
◦ China White
◦ Crank
◦ Dope
◦ Horse
◦ Junk

7.  There are a variety of classifications for different types of
narcotics.
 Schedule I- Heroin
 Schedule II- Cocaine, hydrocodone, methadone,
hydromorphone, meperidine, oxycodone,
 Schedule III- <15 mg of Hydrocodone/ dosage, 90 mg
codeine/ dosage
 Schedule V- <200 mg codeine

8.  Alcohol hydroxyl and methyl groups and morphine sulfate are
common in narcotics.

9.  Prolonged use produces
◦ Physical effects
 Tolerance
 Dependence
 Increased risk of blood borne diseases
 Renal failure
 Risk of overdose
 Organ damage
◦ Mental effects
 Anxiety
 Psychological dependence
◦ Social effects
 Broken relationships
 Antisocial behavior
◦ Legal Consequences
 Jail time for possession
 Arrest on permanent record with future consequences

10.  Nervous System
◦ Short-term- Lethargy, drowsiness, hallucinations, suppression of pain
◦ Long-term- Loss of endorphin production, loss of coordination, slow
movement, brain disorders, seizures
 Cardiovascular System
◦ Short-term- reduced heart rate
◦ Long-term- collapsed veins, slower heart rate, infection of heart valves
 Digestive System
◦ Short-term- constipation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite
◦ Long-term- intestinal slowing, liver malfunction
 Respiratory System
◦ Short-term- difficulty breathing
◦ Long-term- pneumonia

11.  Some narcotics are used to relieve extreme pain that is not
controlled by milder substances. They can not be used for
longer than four months due to their highly addictive nature.
 They are often taken when needed.
 Morphine is given near death to ease pain and discomfort.
 Narcotics such as heroin are not used for any medicinal
purpose at the present.

12.  Mixing alcohol with pain pills or heroin can stop breathing,
increase risk of overdose, and cause coma and death.
 Mixing alcohol with cocaine raises the heart rate extremely
high and can cause a heart attack.

13.  Narcotics are extremely addictive, so they can tear apart
families and society.
 Crime is especially associated with narcotics and results in
many people incarcerated per year. Loss of productivity
affects society.
 Narcotics are very dangerous to society and the health of
society and individuals.

14.  Click on the correct answers based on the
information.

15.  Which substance is a narcotic?
Meth Opium

16.  Go on to the next question.

17. Go on to the next question

18.  Where was opium first used?
China Rome
Egypt

19.  Go on to the next question.

20.  Go on to the next question.

21.  True or false: Narcotics are extremely
addictive.
True False

22.  Thanks for viewing

23.  Thanks for viewing!

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