AP Defense PDF

1. Collaborative Philanthropy
& Social Change
Erin McGrath
Analytical Paper
Spring 2009

2. Topic Overview
Collaborative Philanthropies for Social Change
An examination of the ways in which foundations
participate in collaborative arrangements with
one another in order to bring about social
change.

3. Literature Review
1. Philanthropy
2. Social Change Philanthropy
•Social Justice Philanthropy
•Conservative Philanthropy
3. Philanthropic Collaboration

4. Foundations
Why Foundations Matter:
• Role in advancing: social causes, policy
initiatives, social programs, & political
movements
• Capacity to Mobilize & Allocate Resources
★ 2008: $45.6 Billion

5. Literature Review: Philanthropy
FOUNDATION TYPES
Type Definition Example
Grantmaking bodies to provide The Ford
Independent
support for organizations Foundation
Conduct own programs rather
Operating J. Paul Getty Trust
than provide support
The Cleveland
Community Pooled funds
Foundation
Hybrid of operating & California Wellness
Conversion
community Foundation
Adapted from Leslie Lenkowsky, 2002

6. Literature Review: Social Change Philanthropy
Author Definition
Long term change in structures of political
Roelofs
decision making or the allocation of power
(2003)
& wealth
Advancing progressive social change: the
Ostrander
redistribution of power and resources in a
(1995)
more egalitarian directions
Changing of societal institutions so they
Hunter
don’t produce the very problems that
(1990)
‘charity’ is trying to alleviate

7. Literature Review: Social Change Philanthropy
How do foundations support social change?
•Creating New Knowledge
•Applying Knowledge
•Policy Analysis
•Policy Advocacy
•Social Movements & Empowerment
•Social Service Delivery
Engaged in by both
Conservative & Progressive Foundations! Prewitt, 2006

8. Literature Review: Social Justice Philanthropy
Social Justice Philanthropy:
Grantmaking that attempts to create a more equitable
distribution of social, economic, and political power to
truly reform a society’s institutions so that they are better
able to meet existing needs and eliminate or at least
reduce reliance on short-term & emergency service
provisioning (NCRP, 2005).

9. Literature Review: Social Justice Philanthropy
The National Network of Grantmakers’ Core Essentials:
•Focus on Root Causes
•Structural or Systemic Change
•Collective Action
•Self-Determination
•Commitment to Leadership Development
•Inclusiveness

10. Literature Review: Conservative Philanthropy
Operating Definition:
Grants made to organizations & programs that promote
some type of free market, small government, and/or
conservative religious ideology, with a focus on policy
research or advocacy
Grantmaking 1999 - 2001: $183.2 million
General Operating: $94.3 million
Program Support: $77.5 million
Combination: $10.4 million
Krehely et al, 2004

11. Literature Review: Conservative Philanthropy
Strategic Elements of Conservative Philanthropy
•Funding an Ideological Agenda
•Building Strong Institutions
•Resource Concentration & National Focus
•Media, Marketing & Communications
•Creation & Cultivation of Public Intellectuals
•Cross-Sectoral Funding & Support of Multiple Strategies
•Long-Term Funding
Covington, 2005

12. Literature Review Philanthropic Collaboration

13. Funder Networks 1980
(N=24)
Source: Grantmakers for Effective Organizations
GEP 2004 Presentation: Philanthropy’s New Forum-The Emerging Influence of Funder Networks (COF)

14. Funder Networks 2004
(N=110)
Source: Grantmakers for Effective Organizations
GEP 2004 Presentation: Philanthropy’s New Forum-The Emerging Influence of Funder Networks (COF)

15. Literature Review: Philanthropic Collaborations
•Conference •Publications
•Email/Mail List •Knowledge
•Advocacy Management
•Research & Evaluation •Shared Space/
•Communications Equipment/Staff
•Coordinated Needs •Site Visits
•Earned Income
Assessment
•Pooled Grantmaking Venture
Grantmakers for Effective Organizations, 2004

16. Literature Review: Philanthropic Collaborations
Sharing Information
Shared Decision Making

17. Collaboration
Issue Areas, Ideology & Affinity
Groups
Geographic Proximity

18. Issue Areas, Ideology, & Affinity Groups
•Share Model Practices
•Share Information

19. Issue Areas, Ideology, & Affinity Groups
Perceived Constraints
•Do they have the
capacity to develop a
larger strategy?
•Is there a tendency
for these groups to
become insular?

20. Collaboration & Conservative Social Change
Conservative Collaboration
•Conservative foundations have built strong
relationships based on shared history & ideology
•Advancing political theory in order to bring
about change

21. Case Study: Philanthropy Roundtable
•Founded: 1991
•500 Members
Functions:
•Communications
•Annual Meetings
•Guidebooks
•Working Groups
•Alliance for Charitable Action (PAC)

22. Geographic Proximity
•Place-Based Examination of Interconnected Issues
Regional Network Data
•Most: 25 or fewer
members
•40% have paid staff
•75% meet quarterly

23. Case Study: Living Cities
•Formalized Relationships in 23 cities
•Membership: Foundations, Financial Institutions &
Federal Agencies
•$543 million in targeted cities
•Structure determined locally
•Convene, Broker, Build, & Advocate

24. Comprehensive Community Initiatives
(CCIs)
•Integrated &
Comprehensive
•Collaboration
among sponsors &
grantees

25. Challenges to CCIs and Other Collaborations
1. Difficultly in Building Genuine Partnerships
2. Differing Expectations for Time Line
3. Foundation Culture to Look for the Next Thing
4. The Collaboration Becoming an Entity to Itself

26. Lessons
What does this mean for foundations?
•New Roles
•New Structures & Practices
•Shared Goals & Strategies
•Giving Up Control
•Staying in Background
•Risk Taking

27. Recommendations for Research
•More on
Conservative
Philanthropy
•Collaboration:
Principles, Practice &
Outcomes

28. Principles & Practices: Suggested Questions
•Why do some funders join while others do not?
•How do ideological frameworks influence the collaborative work
of foundations?
•Do new funders seek to collaborate with existing associations or
seek to develop new partnerships?
•What is the life-cycle of the different types of collaborations?
•To what extent are foundations allocating resources (human &
financial) to collaborative initiatives?
•How do the collaborative arrangements interact with other stake-
holders?

29. Questions?