Towards Lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy Systems using Linked Data, the Web of Things, and Social Media

1. Towards Lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy Systems using Linked Data, the Web of Things, and Social Media Edward Curry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, April, 2013

2. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge n  Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) ¨ Smart Buildings (experiences with new & legacy) ¨ Demand-Side Challenges n  The Evolving Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0… ¨ Social Media ¨ Linked Data ¨ The Web of Things n  Lightweight CPES at DERI ¨ Architecture Approach ¨ Energy Management Applications Overview

3. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge The Many Faces of CPES Smart City Smart Grid Smart Building Smart Enterprise

4. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge New Smart Building 4 Cost -‐ € 40,000,000

5. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge A Real-World Example 5 Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 08:00-‐09:00 09:00-‐10:00 237 237 200 237 10:00-‐11:00 237 237 237 200 11:00-‐12:00 237 180 180 145 237 12:00-‐13:00 237 200 237 200 149 13:00-‐14:00 145 14:00-‐15:00 221 237 145 140 15:00-‐16:00 221 120 160 140 16:00-‐17:00 149 250 160 17:00-‐18:00 200 160 CO2 levels ASHRAE 62.1-‐2010 Occupancy PaGern AirCon 8:30-‐11:00 & 15:00-‐16:00 Mon to Fri Cost -‐ € 40,000,000

6. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Legacy Building n  DERI Building ¨  No BMS or BEMS ¨  160 person Office space ¨  Café ¨  Data centre ¨  3 Kitchens ¨  80 person Conference room ¨  4 Meeting rooms ¨  Computing museum ¨  Sensor Lab 6

7. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Energy Management System

8. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Sensors 8 of 26

9. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Energy Management Software

10. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Holis&c Energy Management FaciliNes Business Travel Data Centre Daily Commute Oﬃce IT Holistic Energy Consumption

11. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Business Context of Energy Consumption Resource Allocation Energy Finance Asset Mgmt Human Resources

12. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Example KPI: Energy used by global IT department CIO Example KPI: PUE of the Data Center in Dublin Helpdesk Example KPI: kWhs used by server 172.16.0.8 Maintenance Personnel Building Data Center CEO CSO Operational Analysis •  Technician needs equipment power usage •  Low-level monitoring Sensors, events Strategic Analysis •  CIO needs high-level business function power usage •  CSO real-time carbon emissions Tactical Analysis •  Manager needs energy usage of business processes, business line or group Multi-Level Energy Analysis 12 of XYZ

13. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge n  Help users to: ¨ Understand energy data ¨ Support energy performance objectives & other business performance objectives – human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort) – enterprise resource planning (i.e. room utilization) ¨ Make appropriate energy saving decisions Energy Situational Awareness

14. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Key Challenges n  Technology and Data Interoperability ¨  Data scattered among different systems ¨  Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use n  Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data ¨  Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, … ¨  Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities n  Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop ¨  Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities ¨  Embedding impacts within business processes ¨  Engaging Users 14

15. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Universal Mechanism to Link Everything… ¨ Simple ¨ Lightweight ¨ Decentralized ¨ Loosely Coupled ¨ Scalable ¨ Standardized ….sounds a lots like the Web What is Needed?

16. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge n  Motivation: Access multiple document systems at CERN n  Key Enablers ¨  Leveraged existing protocols (TCP/IP/DNS/…) ¨  URI: Global Document Identification ¨  HTTP: Global Document Access ¨  HTML: Standard Format for Documents –  But also supported many formats PDF, DOC, GIF, JPG, etc. ¨  Encouraged Interlinking: Hyperlinks between documents Exposing and Linking….. …..but NOT replacing existing systems Web 1.0 Document Sharing

17. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge The Evolving Web 2.0, 3.0, … Linked Data Web of Things Social Media

18. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge (Real-time) Social Media n  User-centric platforms for interaction n  Real-time User Interaction ¨  Twitter, etc. n  Citizen Sensing ¨  Users reporting issues and problems n  Citizen Actuation ¨  Users enacting changes in the environment

19. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Linked Open Data Cloud Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts, interlinked by 500 million typed links. http://lod-cloud.net/ Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. Media Government Geo Publications User-generated Life sciences Cross-domain US government UK government BBC New York Times LinkedGeoData 19 BestBuy Overstock.com Facebook

20. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge 20 of 46 Two Key Ingredients 1.  RDF – Resource Description Framework Graph based Data – nodes and arcs ¨  Identifies objects (URIs) ¨  Interlink information (Relationships) 2.  Vocabularies (Ontologies) ¨  provide shared understanding of a domain ¨  organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way ¨  give an exploitable meaning to the data

21. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Why Graphs and Ontologies? Cities:Dublin 84421km2 Geo:IslandOfIreland EU:RepublicOfIreland Geo:locatedOn Geo:area Geo:hasCapital Geo:hasLargestCity Wikipedia.org Gov.ie EU:RepublicOfIreland Person:EndaKenny Gov:hasTaoiseach Gov:hasDepartment IE:DepartmentOfFinance

22. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Linked Data Principles 1.  Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data 2.  Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can look them up on the Web 3.  When a URI is looked up, return a description of the thing in a structured format (RDF) 4.  Include links to related things to provide context http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

23. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Linked Data Example Resource Description Framework (RDF) subject - predicate – object Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e 23 http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/ http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant

24. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Web of Things Image Credit: http://laurent.assouad.com/2012/www2012-the-web-of-things/

25. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Constraint Application Protocol 252525

26. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Could we deliver a lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy System for the DERI Building using these technologies? DERI Use Case

27. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge 27 Building Data Center Office IT Logistics Corporate Organisation-level Business Process Personal-level Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence

28. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence Applications Energy Analysis Model Complex Events Situation Awareness Apps Energy and Sustainability Dashboards Decision Support Systems LinkedData Support Services Entity Management Service Data Catalog Complex Event Processing Engine Provenance Search & Query Sources Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter n  Interlinked Cloud of Energy Data n  Resource Description Framework (RDF) n  Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN) n  CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol n  Semantic Event Processing n  Natural Language Interface n  Collaborative Data Mgmt. n  Energy Saving Applications n  Energy Awareness

29. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Corporate System Building Management SystemOffice IT System Merging Entity Graphs foaf:name en:memberOf “Edward Curry” “DGSIT” h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me Office IT Building Corporate en:has_a en:consumption foaf:name 10kWh“MacBook Pro” h:p://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698 h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me en:consumption foaf:name rm:occupant 50kWh“202e” h:p://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/ 2010/deri-‐rooms#r202e h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me owl:sameAs owl:sameAs

30. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Enterprise Energy Observatory Smart Buildings Green Cloud Computing Office IT Energy Mgmt. Personal Energy Mgmt. Energy Saving Applications

31. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Building Energy Explorer 31 of 26 1.  Data from Enterprise Linked Data Cloud 2.  Sensor Data 3.  Building Energy Situation Awareness

32. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Energy Analysis by Group

33. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge iEnergy – Personal

34. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Step 1: Detect patterns of high or unusual energy usage ¨  Light turned on in rooms at night ¨  High energy use in meeting rooms without booking Step 2: Tweet building occupants to check situation and take action ¨  Turn off lights, heat, devices, etc. Energy Action Management with Social Media

35. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Energy Action Management with Social Media 23.86% Energy Savings

36. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge n  Emerging Web trends (linked data, web of things and social media) may provide the foundations for a lightweight approach to Cyber-Physical Energy System n  Research Challenges ¨  Investigating approach to complement existing CPES ¨  Applicability on critical infrastructure ¨  Human Task Management for Energy Action ¨  Privacy!!! ¨  … Summary & Future Directions

37. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Edward is a research scientist at the Digital Enterprise Research Institute. His areas of research include green IT/IS, energy informatics, linked data, integrated reporting, and cloud computing. He has worked extensively with industry and government advising on the adoption patterns, practicalities and benefits of new technologies. He has published in leading journals and books, and has spoken at international conferences including the MIT CIO Symposium. About the Presenter URL: www.edwardcurry.org Email: edcurry@acm.org Twitter: @EdwardACurry Slides: slideshare.net/edwardcurry

38. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Selected References Sustainability Use Cases n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011). n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In, Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient Data Centers, 2012. n  Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012 n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012. n  O’Donnell, J., Corry, E., Hasan, S., Keane, M., and Curry, E. 2013. “Building Performance Optimization Using Cross-Domain Scenario Modeling, Linked Data, and Complex Event Processing,” Building and Environment (62), pp. 102–111.

39. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Selected References Information Management n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events, in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems n  Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012). IT Management n  Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012. n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1). n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes, IEEE Computer 15(11)

40. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling networked knowledge Credits Partners n  Collaborators ¨  Souleiman Hasan (DERI) ¨  Sean O’Riain (DERI) ¨  Umair ul Hassan (DERI) ¨  David Crowley (DERI) ¨  John Breslin (DERI) ¨  James O’Donnell (LBNL) ¨  Edward Corry (IRUSE) ¨  Marcus Keane (IRUSE)

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