reported speech and different pronouns

1. Reported speech
The indirect style is to repeat the words that someone (or sometimes myself) has said.
example:
"Where are you?"
How did he say?
She says where you are.
Brands - verbs language or speech:
• say
• comment
• suggest
• propose
• advertise
• etc.

2. Present participle
Present participle
The "present participle" is a verbal -ing finished form that is used as an adjective or a verb, unlike the 'gerund' which is used as a noun.
Keep in mind that although it is named 'present participle' can refer to a past, present or future.
1 As an adjective
When the 'present participle' works as an adjective can go before a noun or after the verb 'to be' or other linking verbs.
I read an interesting novel.
I read an interesting novel.
This novel is interesting.
This novel is interesting.
It can also function as a relative clause and in this sense they can go after the noun.
There's a boy dancing with your sister.
There's a guy dancing with your sister.
As verb 2
Serves to form continuous or progressive times, what we call in Spanish gerund.
In this regard it should be noted that, although denominated 'present participle' may refer to a present, past or future.
I am watching tv.
I'm watching tv (continuous present).
I'm coming back next Sunday.
I'll be back next week (continuous present value of future).
I was Reviews having a bath When the telephone rang.
I was taking a bath when the phone rang (past continuous).
She left London Where She Had Been studying Inglés.
He left London where he had been studying English (past perfect continuous).
3 To be subordinate adverbial
Usually the subject of the subordinate is the same as that of the main clause. These constructions are considered fairly formal.
Having failed her driving test, she Began to cry.
Having suspended his driving test, he began to mourn.
Being Unable to help me, I left.
Being unable to help, he left.

3. Past participlePast participle
The past participle or 'past participle' is a non-personal verbal form. It can function as an adjective or a verb in compound time in prayer.
It is also known as '-ed form' as it is constructed by adding the suffix for regular verbs. Its formation and pronunciation is the same as the simple past.
Infinitive without "to" + -ed.
However, irregular verbs have other formations.
To watch watch + -ed → → watched (regular verb)?
To write → writen (irreglar verb)?
Functions 'past participle'
1 Form perfect times.
I have worked.
I have worked.
2 Form passive.
Were Two men arrested yesterday.
Two men were arrested yesterday.
3 'past participle', as the 'present participle', can function as an adjective before a noun or after the verb 'to be' or other copulativo.
I Gave me a broken glass.
He gave me a broken glass.
I'm bored.
I'm bored.
It is important to distinguish them from those formed by adding -ing adjectives, then the meaning of both are different.
The adjectives ending in -ing form denote someone or something is causing the situation to which the adjective refers.
A boring person.
A boring person (that person is causing boredom).
The finishes as -ed adjectives denote someone or something suffers the situation.
A bored person.
A boring person (is bored by something or someone).
4 And, as the 'present participle', can function as a relative clause can go in this direction behind a noun.
The people invited to the party were very noisy.
The people invited to the party was very noisy.
5 On subordinate adverbial.
Retired many years ago, I Lived happily.
Retired many years ago, was happy.
6 With the structure:
have / get + noun or pronoun + past participle.
To express need or intention to do something or we send someone to do something.
I had my car repaired.
I fixed the car.
I need to have my car fixed for tomorrow.
I need to have my car fixed by tomorrow.

4. Use the should
We use 'should' for giving advice.
• You should speak to him about it.
• He should see a doctor.
• We should ask a lawyer.
We use 'should' to give an opinion or a recommendation.
• He should resign now.
• We should invest more in Asia.
• They should do something about this terrible train service.
'Should' expresses a personal opinion and is much weaker and more personal
than 'must' or 'have to'. It is often introduced by ' I think'.
• I think they should replace him.
• I don't think they should keep the contract.
• Do you think we should tell her.

5. Personal pronouns
A pronoun is a word or form that we can use instead of a noun or noun phrase.
Personal pronouns are used to represent the number of people (I/we), gender (he/she), person (I/you) and
case (we/us).
There are two types of personal pronouns: subject and object.
Subject pronouns
Pronouns that are the subject of the sentence are called subject pronouns. These are
I - I love learning English!
You - You are my best student.
She - She has a nice voice.
He - He forgot his textbook.
It - It was on the table.
We - We have to leave soon.
They - They all cleaned up together.
Object pronouns
Object pronouns are used when the person or thing is the object of the sentence or clause.
Me - Can they hear me?
You - I will wait for you.
Her - What's wrong with her?
Him - Mary said she wants to marry him.
It - Who broke it?
Us - She will email us tomorrow.
You - Is anyone sitting next to you?
Them - I will take them.

6. indefinite pronouns
somebody someone something
anybody anyone anything
nobody no one nothing
everybody everyone everything
The indefinite pronouns are:
We use indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. We use pronouns ending in -body or -one for
people, and pronouns ending in -thing for things:
Everybody enjoyed the concert.
I opened the door but there was no one at home.
It was a very clear day. We could see everything.
We use a singular verb after an indefinite pronoun:
Everybody loves Sally.
Everything was ready for the party.
When we refer back to an indefinite pronoun we normally use a plural pronoun:
Everybody enjoyed the concert. They stood up and clapped.
I will tell somebody that dinner is ready. They have been waiting a long time.
We can add -'s to an indefinite pronoun to make a possessive.
They were staying in somebody’s house.
Is this anybody’s coat?
We use indefinite pronouns with no- as the subject in negative clauses (not pronouns with any.)
Anybody didn’t come >> Nobody came.
We do not use another negative in a clause with nobody, no one or nothing:
Nobody came.
Nothing happened.
We use else after indefinite pronouns to refer to people or things in addition to the ones we already mentioned.
All the family came, but no one else.
If Michael can’t come we’ll ask somebody else.
So that's eggs, peas and chips. Do you want anything else?

7. School of Agriculture northeast
EANOR
Edin Emanuel Franco Portillo
Oscar García
English
Reported speech and different pronouns
5to. agronomist
# 2
Llanos Forge, Zacapa March 4, 2015