This presentation consists of foundation and its types

1. TITLE : FOUNDATION AND IT’S TYPES
GROUP MEMBERS:
 HILAL ROME cu-130-2018
 MUHAMMAD ISHAQ cu-133-2018
 HASHIM ZAFAR cu-127-2018
 SYED BILAL cu-136-2018
 SHAKIR AHMED cu-139-2018

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Students will be able to distinguish between foundation.
 And various types of foundations.
 Piles and various types of piles.

3. FOUNDATION
Definition:
It is the lowest part of the building/structure
beneath the ground level through which the total load of the
structure/building is transferred to the soil.

4. Types of foundation
Foundation system
Shallow Foundation
Isolated spread
footinga
Grillage
Foundation
Wall footings
Combined
footings
Cantilever or
strap footing
Raft or Mat
Foundation
Deep foundation
Pile Foundation
Load-bearing pile foundation
Friction pile foundation
Load bearing cum friction pile foundation
Pier(Cassion)
Foundation

5. Deep Foundation:
 Deep foundation are those foundation in which depth is greater
then twice of it breadth.
 D ≥ 2b
 Where,
 D = depth of foundation
 B = Breadth of foundation

6. Shallow Foundation:
 Shallow foundation are those foundation in which depth is
less then then its breadth.
 D < b
 Where,
 D = depth of foundation
 B = Breadth of foundation

7. TYPES OF Shallow FOUNDATION
 Following are types of shallow foundation.
 Isolated spread footing
 Wall Footings
 Combined footings
 Cantilever or strap footings
 Raft or Mat Foundation
 Grillage Foundation

8. SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATION
 Spread footing foundation, which is common in residential buildings, has a wider
bottom portion then the load-bearing foundation walls its supports.
 The wider parts “spreads” the weight of the structure over more area of greater
stability.
 These foundations are common in residential construction that includes basements
and in many commercial structures.
 These foundations are not suitable for high rise buildings.
 A spread footing that changes elevation in a series of vertical steps so that it
follows the contours of a sloping site or accommodates changes in soil strata, is
called a stepped footing.

9. Spread footing foundation

10. Wall Footing Foundation
 Wall footing or strip footing is continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread
the weight of load-bearing wall across an area of soil.
 The basic purpose of this foundation is to spread the load over a large area so that
the soil is able to with stand the stress, and the save bearing pressure is not
exceeded
 If the load on the wall is heavy or the bearing capacity of soil is low, reinforced
concrete spread footing is provided in such case.

11. Wall footing foundation

12. Combined Footing Foundation
 Combine footing foundation are provided when the distance between two columns
is small and the bearing capacity of soil is low and their footing overlap with each
other.
 Combine footing are provided only when it is absolutely necessary, as causing
overlap of adjacent isolated footing.
 When the boundary line of building is near or a sewer pipe exist adjacent to a
building then in such case combine footing is provided.

13. COMBINED FOOTING FOUNDATION

14. CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTING FOUNDATION
 It is a type of combine footing consisting if two or more column footings
connected by a concrete beam.
 The beam which connects the two columns is known as strap beam.
 It is used to help distribute either heavily or eccentrically loaded column footing to
adjacent footings.
 Strap footing is often used in conjunction with columns that are located along a
buildings property or plot line.

15. Cantilever or Strap foundation

16. RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATION
 Raft means “big ship”. This foundation looks like a big ship standing in the soil.
 Raft foundation is mainly provided in those places where the bearing capacity of
soil is low and the load of the building is high then the safe bearing capacity of soil.
 These foundations are mainly provided for high rise buildings or skyscrapers.
 In these foundation the whole area is excavated and lime concrete is done for
leveling of the bed. After that RCC Slab is provided and cloumns are taken from the
slab. This whole phenomena is known as mat or raft foundation.

17. Raft or mat foundation

18. Grillage foundation
 Grillage foundation is a type of foundation often used at the base of a column.
 It consist of one, two or more tiers of steel beams superimposed on a layer of
concrete, adjacent tiers being placed at right angles to each other while all tiers are
encased in concrete.
 It is most economical foundation in case of transferring heavy loads from columns
to soil of low bearing capacity.

20. Types of deep foundation
 There are two types of deep foundation.
 Pile foundation
 Pier(Caission) Foundation

21. Pile foundation
 Pile foundation are used to transfer the loads from super structure through weak
compressible strata or water onto stronger more compact, less compressible and
stiffer soil or rock at depth, increasing the effective size of a foundation and
resisting horizontal loads.
 They are typically used for large structures and in situation where soil is not
suitable to prevent excessive settlement.

22. Pile foundation

23. Classification of pile foundation
 Pile foundation are classified into three main types.
 Load-Bearing Pile foundation
 Friction Pile foundation
 Bearing cum friction Pile foundation

24. LOAD BEARING FOUNDATION
 These foundation are provided mainly in those places where the hard strata is
available and strong enough.
 The depth of these foundation are less then friction pile foundation.
 These foundation are provided for bridges, high rise building and under water
working.

25. Load Bearing Foundation

26. FRICTION PILE FOUNDATION
 When loose soil extends to a great depth, the piles are driven up to such a depth
that the frictional resistance developed at sides of the piles equals the load coming
on the piles.
 It mostly transmit load through layers by which the pile passes.
 It is provided in those places where hard strata is not available.

28. LOAD BEARING CUM FRICTION PILE
Load bearing cum friction pile foundation is the combination of pile and friction pile
foundation.
It is mainly provided where hard strata is available but not strong enough.
the depth of these foundation is twice the depth of pile foundation.
These foundation are used in sandy places like Saudi Arabia and UAE.

29. load bearing cum friction pile foundation

30. Pier(Caission) Foundation
 Pier foundation is a collection of large diameter of cylindrical column to support
the supper structure and transfer load to the firm strata available.
 It is also known as post foundation.
 Pier foundation is economical and it does not need extensive excavation and lots of
concrete.

31. Pier foundation

32. THANK YOU