2. Learning is a relatively permanent change to an
organism’s behavior due to experience.
• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Observational learning
15. Months prior to the season opening football game between
MIT and Harvard, a psychology graduate student went to the
Harvard stadium to feed seagulls. For weeks, wearing a
white-and-black-striped shirt he walked up and down the
sidelines, blowing on a whistle, and throwing bird seed on to
the field.
At the season opener, the football game was delayed for 45
minutes as officials waited for hundreds of seagulls to leave
the field.
Identify the UCS, UCR, NS — then the post-acquisition CS
and CR
25. Negative Reinforcers
• Taking aspirin to relieve a headache
• Hurrying home in the winter to get out of the cold
• Giving in to an argument or to dog’s begging to end it
• Fanning oneself to escape the heat
• Leaving a school play if the play is bad
• Smoking to relieve anxiety
• Faking a stomach ache in order to avoid school
• Putting on a seatbelt to silence the warning buzzer
• Using an umbrella to escape the rain
• Saying “uncle” to stop being beaten
37. What schedule is being used?
1. Car salesman paid on commission?
2. Airline frequent-flyer rewards program?
3. Detention for eating in the halls?
4. Checking Facebook for something interesting?
5. Receiving acceptance letters from college?
6. Feeling sick after eating McDonald’s?
45. Illustrate a scene showing:
US UR
A. Classical Conditioning CS + US UR
CS CR
B. Operant Conditioning Behavior + response
C. Observational Learning Experience & replication