Intevento di Federico Balzan, divisione Consulenza alle Imprese di eAmbiente Srl, al 2nd Congress on Biodegradable Polimer packaging - Milano Fiere, 11 Maggio 2012. Tema dell'intervento: LCA Pepsi.CO

1. LCA study of impact assessment in seven different modes of
supply of non-alcoholic beverage
Friday, May 11, 2012
Milan
G. Chiellino, F. Balzan
eAmbiente S.r.l., 30175, Marghera, Italy
www.eambiente.it
info@eambiente.it
f.balzan@eambiente.it

2. ABOUT US
Gabriella Chiellino is the first woman graduated in Environmental Science in
Italy and she founded eAmbiente in the year 2002.
The Company is now a consultancy firm of 30 young graduates for
environment and engineering that works in Italy and in Europe.

3. ABOUT US
Environmental assessments and
analysis
UNDERSTANDING
Environmental
management and
control
MANAGE
DESIGN
Environmental restoration and
remediation

4. WHERE
CONEGLIANO
Registered Office
Via Manin, 276 31015
VENEZIA
Operations office
VEGA Park - Venice Gateway for Science and
Technology
Via delle Industrie, 9 30175
MILANO
Commercial office
Via Tiziano, 15 20145
WEB www.eambiente.it

5. eAmbiente and PepsiCo
GLOBAL STRATEGY: Strategic platform called Performance with Purpose
Three fundamental pillars
Human Sustainability to feed our consumers with a range of pleasant
and healthy products, making the healthier choice of simplicity.
Environment Sustainability to be responsible stewards of the resources of
our planet, regenerating natural resources, where possible, and minimizing the
environmental impact of our activities.
Talent Sustainability to attract, retain and develop talent on a global
scale, taking care of our employees. Our presentation
PepsiCo
LCA Study
Collecting data
Results
Conclusions

6. LCA Study
2009: Start of packaging screening LCA of CSD (Carbonated Soft Drink) used in Ho.Re.Ca.
(Hotel, Restaurants, Cafè)
OBJECTIVE:obtain a quantification of the environmental impact associated with seven
different modes of supply of the drink Pepsi considered on their entire life cycle
LCA study has compared these seven typical modes of packaging:
2.18 liters of drink in steel drums (Premix);
3.18 liters of syrup delivered in steel drums at the store after mixing with water and carbon dioxide (Postmix);
4.500 ml of drink in plastic bottles (PET);
5.250 ml of drink in glass bottles (VAP);
6.330 ml of drink in aluminium cans;
7.10 liters of syrup in “bag in box” (BIB) at the store after mixing with water and carbon dioxide (postmix);
8.1 liter of drink in returnable glass bottles (VAR).

7. Phases
Phase Year Action Validation
ENEA
July 2009 –
I Screening study with LCA
January 2010 department of
methodology
LCA and eco-
design
DNV
Complete study of LCA using
July 2010 –
II UNI EN ISO 14040:2006
January 2011 Critical review
UNI EN ISO14044:2006

8. Processing
• SimaPro Analyst Software 7.1.8
• Collecting primary data directly from the Company
• Secondary data from databases Ecoinvent
• Method of calculation Mid Point CML Baseline and
ECO-INDICATOR
Categories of impact:
• Global warming: an increase in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans;
• Thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere;
• Oxidation photochemistry: photochemical smog;
• Acidification: it is a chemical process, caused by pollution of water and air, through which gaseous
substances to the prevailing anthropogenic once suffered transformation into acids, alter the chemical
characteristics of ecosystems;
• Eutrophication: means a situation of excessive richness of nutrients in an ecosystem;
• Depletion of abiotic factors: refers to the use of primary non-renewable natural resources.

9. Functional unit
The functional unit of study is the supply of a liter of Pepsi served
chilled  Allows the comparison of the benefits provided using 7
different kind of packaging.
Our presentation
PepsiCo
LCA Study
Collecting data
Results
Conclusions

10. System boundaries
Packaging
End of life Fill the product
Pepsi
LCA
Package and
Reuse
transport
Use
Our presentation
PepsiCo
LCA Study
Collecting data
Results
Conclusions

11. Collecting data
Phase of providing raw materials and
1 semifinished
number
size material weight of
Drink
pieces
packaging
PE; HDPE / LLDPE/
10 LT 91,5 gr 250
TPE
weight of
package components materials number weight (kg)
packaging. Package
Bag of the
1 box cardboard 1 1,7 Kg
24,7 Kg
“Bag in
number of
Box” components materials number
weight
total weight pallets for
weight
(kg) (kg) Pallet
each truck
system pallet wood 1 10 Kg 405,7 Kg 32 12.983
extensible LLPDE 1 0,5 Kg
box paper 16 24,7 Kg
type of
origin final destination tot km tonnes
truck Transport
BREDA - OLANDA SCORZE' ( VE) 1240 EURO 3 12.983

12. Collecting data
2 Phase of making finished product
weight final
size components material Drink
product
packaging
10 L bag PE 390 gr
package components material nr weight peso conf.
1 box cardboard 1 1,7 Kg 13,1 Kg Package
“Bag in label paper 1
Box” number
of
nr BIB for components of weight
finished package
each pallet pallet
materials nr weight
of pallet
for each
pallet
Pallet
60 60 pallet wood 1 20 Kg 806 Kg
extensible film LLDPE 1 0,245 Kg
interlayer paper 4 0,35 Kg

13. Collecting data
3 Consumption per liter of beverage (kWh / l)
Thermal consumption per liter of beverage (m3/lt)
Annual Thermal
Consuimption per Annual heat Thermal
electricity consumption per
Plant liter of beverage consumption consumption
consumption liter of beverage
(kwh (lt) methane (m3) expressed in MJ
(kWh) (m3/lt)
PBI SCORZE’ (VE) 438.661 0,04654 118.643 0,01259 0,43551
Product assembled and
filled
Number of pieces per year Total Litres Total liters per plant
Pepsi Premix 18 L 427.874 7.701.732
Pepsi Postmix18 L 71.141 1.280.538 9.426.470
Pepsi BIB 10 L 44.420 444.200

14. Collecting data
4 Distribution phase:
Transported liters and percentage of total
Enviromental Travels Transported
Class Numb. % Travels Covered Km Litre % on total km per travel
Truck-EURO 0 42 0,51 18200 828789,59 0,44 433,33
Truck-EURO 1 69 0,84 20285 949122,97 0,51 293,99
Truck-EURO 2 1197 14,58 347324 23451822,31 12,57 290,16
Truck-EURO 3 4943 60,21 1829352 116929086,6 62,69 370,09
Truck-EURO 4 635 7,73 240440 14738542,17 7,9 378,65
Truck-EURO 5 1177 14,34 443445 28605635,88 15,34 376,76
Van-EURO 3 9 0,11 1635 65053,05 0,03 181,67
Van-EURO 4 103 1,25 19455 699726,93 0,38 188,88
Van-EURO 5 35 0,43 5900 239003,87 0,13 168,57
186.506.783 100

15. Collecting data
5 Use phase
KWh consumed per liter of beverage
Equipment Model
Fountain Postmix Intelliblue 2
Cooling capacity nelle 24/h Total Consumption per day
LT KWh
40 4,24
30 4,11
20 3,98
10 3,85
6 Disposal phase
% of recycling and recovery from national reports. Our presentation
PepsiCo
LCA Study
Collecting data
Results
Conclusions

16. Results - NET
BIB
big volumes,
disposable
CAN
little volumes,
disposable, recyclable

17. Results - NET
STEEL CAN PREMIX
big volumes, reusable
100 times

18. Results
CHARACTERIZATION with CML Baseline

19. Results
NORMALIZATION with CML Baseline

20. Results
CHARACTERIZATION with ECO-Indicator

21. Results
SINGLE POINT with ECO-Indicator

22. Results - COMPARISON

23. Conclusions
The LCA study shows that steel cans POSTMIX and BIB are always the
most eco-sustainable packaging for all consumption scenarios for a lot
of impact categories: the reason is that they use tap water + syrup at
the storage point  no need of transport.
BIB: large volumes (postmix model) in a little weight.
Steel cans POSTIMIX and PREMIX: large volumes and ability to reuse.
CAN, PET bottle and Glass bottles have different performances, always
lesser than Steel cans and BIB.
Our presentation
PepsiCo
LCA Study
Collecting data
Results
Conclusions

24. Thank you for your attention
www.eambiente.it