FinTech Introduction, Overview & Landscape Cryptocurrency Introduction, Overview & Getting Started

1. 1 / 139
Blockchain
FinTech & Cryptocurrency
Eueung Mulyana
https://telematika.org/remark/blockchain1
Part #1 | CC BY-SA

2. Outline
FinTech - Introduction
Cryptocurrency - Overview
Selected Topics/Terms
Getting Started
2 / 139

3. Introduction
FinTech
3 / 139

4. 4 / 139
Topics
Digital Currency
FinTech Basics
Landscape & Trends
Local Players

5. The Money Flower : A Taxonomy of Money
Ref: [@Stanjourdan] 5 / 139

6. 6 / 139
Digital
Currency
Digital Currency (a.k.a. Digital Money or
Electronic Currency/Money) is a type of
currency available only in digital form, not in
physical (such as banknotes and coins).
It exhibits properties similar to physical currencies, but allows
for instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-
ownership.

7. Global Money Supply: More than 90% of the currency in the world is digital, that is, money held or traded in it's
non-physical form. Ref: [The Money Project] 7 / 139

8. 8 / 139
Digital
Currency
Most of the traditional money supply
is bank money held on computers.
This is also considered digital
currency.
One could argue that our increasingly cashless society
means that all currencies are becoming digital
("electronic money"), but they are not presented to us
as such. Cf. [Digital currency]
Cryptocurrency
A special kind of digital currency. The most
popular Cryptocurrency is Bitcoin.
"Crypto" refers to the cryptographic method used in the
currency to secure transactions and create new unit of the
currency.
This kind of digital money is a revolutionary technology that
allows people or institutions to transfer funds instantly, securely
and without a middleman.

9. 9 / 139
Bene ts
Non-Traditional Digital Currency
Ref: [5 Ways Digital Currencies will Change the World
| Susan Athey]
1. Faster, Cheaper Bank Transfers
2. A Boost to Global Remittances
3. Safe Money for the Poor
4. Unleashing the Potential of e-Commerce
5. Programmable Money and Smart
Contracts
International bank transfers can take up to a week. By using digital currency, bank
transfers could be made instantly, cheaply and safely.
Using digital currency, users can send money directly to their families via mobile phone,
eliminating transfer fees that often run up to 10% or more.

10. 10 / 139
Possible
Risks
A New Battlefront
New record-keeping and payments systems
create huge cybersecurity issues, from theft
to hacking.
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are volatile, because their value is
based on supply and demand. And the supply is determined by
a computer code, not a central bank.

11. 11 / 139
Topics
Digital Currency
FinTech Basics
Landscape & Trends
Local Players

12. Growth of FinTech Investments Since 2000 | Ref: [IOSCO 2017] 12 / 139

13. 13 / 139
The term Financial Technologies or FinTech
is used to describe a variety of innovative
business models and emerging
technologies that have the potential to
transform the nancial services industry.
Financial Technology describes tech-enabled products and
services that improve traditional nancial services.

14. 14 / 139
Innovative FinTech Business
Models
o er one or more speci c nancial products or services in
an automated fashion through the use of the internet.
unbundle the di erent nancial services traditionally
o ered by service providers -- incumbent banks, brokers or
investment managers.
Examples
Equity crowdfunding platforms intermediate share placements
Peer-to-peer lending platforms intermediate or sell loans
Robo-advisers provide automated investment advice
Social trading platforms o er brokerage and investing services

15. 15 / 139
Emerging Technologies
Cryptography
Big-Data
Machine Learning/ Arti cial Intelligence
Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs)
Such emerging technologies can be used to supplement both FinTech new entrants and
traditional incumbents, and carry the potential to materially change the nancial services
industry.

16. Major Technologies Transforming Financial Services | Ref: [Fintech and Financial Services - IMF] 16 / 139

17. 17 / 139

18. Unbundling the Banking Business Model | Ref: [CBInsights, Adaptive Lab] 18 / 139

19. 19 / 139
FinTech has Changed the
Competitive Landscape
Since the 2008 Financial Crisis, FinTech
startups have targeted single underserved
nancial products with better UI, digital
marketing, and services that cater to shifting
customer demands.
Ref: [Banks in Fintech]

20. 20 / 139
Disruption
from Every
Direction
Challengers to the big banks now
range from PayPal, the granddaddy of
e-payments which spun o from eBay
(2015), to cryptocurrency companies
such as Coinbase. Ref: [IOSCO 2017]

21. 21 / 139
Financial Inclusion
Digital currencies can become another convenient and safe form of payment and
savings in emerging markets where most citizens don't have bank accounts.
High unbanked population, weak consumer banks and high
mobile phone penetration make emerging markets ripe for
FinTech disruptions.
There are billions around the world without access to traditional nancial services.
Fintech innovations could be their chance to be included in the global digital
economy.
Participation in the nancial system can reduce income inequality, boost job creation,
and directly help the poor manage risk and absorb nancial shocks.
Ref: [The Fintech Revolution]

22. 22 / 139
Possible Impacts
Fintech companies could wipe out as much as 60%
of bank pro ts.
Almost 2 million jobs ini banking will be lost,
especially in areas such as lending and payments,
where technology takes over human roles.
While it's di cult to predict how FinTech will play
out over the years, the game is most de nitely on.
Ref: [The Fintech Revolution]

23. 23 / 139
Topics
Digital Currency
FinTech Basics
Landscape & Trends
Local Players

24. FinTech Landscape Mapped across 8 Categories | Ref: [IOSCO 2017] 24 / 139

25. FinTech - 10 Categories | Ref: [CBInsights] 25 / 139

26. 26 / 139

27. FinTech Landscape - Selected Players | Ref: [VentureBeat] 27 / 139

28. 28 / 139

29. 29 / 139
There are more than 5,000 FinTech
startups in the world in 2016.
Cumulative funding into FinTech
start-ups: $127 B
Companies tracked: 10,993
Ref: [INSEAD, FinTech Control Tower]

30. 25 FinTech Unicorns Valued at $75.9B | Ref: [CBInsights]
Global VC-backed ntech companies that notched a private market valuation of $1B+
30 / 139

31. 2017 Sees 8 Fintech Unicorn Births
Global VC-backed ntech companies that notched a private market valuation of $1B+ in 2017
31 / 139

32. Financial Services Firms Invest Early in Blockchain | Ref: [CBInsights - Blockchain] 32 / 139

33. FinTech is no Longer a Niche Market | Ref: [Banks in FinTech]
FinTech Companies have attracted Millions of Customers (Since Respective Launch Date) 33 / 139

34. Annual Global FinTech Deals and Financing, 2013 - 2017 ($B) | Ref: [Fintech Trends] 34 / 139

35. 35 / 139
FinTech Trends (2018)
Fintechs unbundling leads to rebundling
European ntechs will expand their global footprint
Banks forgo partnering in favor of ghting ntech with
ntech
Wealth management will become the hottest ntech sector
in China
Latin America and Southeast Asia will see strong ntech
growth
Banks deepen their partnerships with regtech
...
Ref: [CBInsights FinTech Trends 2018]

36. FinTech and Disruptive Entities | Ref: [PwC Report] 36 / 139

37. 37 / 139
FinTech has evolved from startups that want
to take on and beat incumbents, to a
broader ecosystem of di erent businesses
looking in many cases for partnerships.
FinTech startups don't just need capital, they need customers.
At the same time, incumbents need new approaches to drive
change and deliver innovation.
Innovation is also coming from outside nancial services and
being driven by a variety of sources including tech companies,
e-retailers, and social media platforms.

38. 38 / 139
Topics
Digital Currency
FinTech Basics
Landscape & Trends
Local Players

39. Landscape - Payment | Ref: [Dailysocial] 39 / 139

40. Landscape - Deposit & Lending | Ref: [Dailysocial] 40 / 139

41. Landscape - Others 41 / 139

42. 42 / 139
188 - 196 (est.)
Number of Indonesian FinTech Players
2017 (incl. non-AFTECH)
109
Registered AFTECH Members 2017
Ref: [Dailysocial]

43. List of Disclosed ID FinTech Investment | Ref: [Dailysocial] 43 / 139

44. List of Disclosed ID FinTech Investment | Ref: [Dailysocial] 44 / 139

45. 45 / 139

46. 46 / 139
Go-Jek
Total Funding
$1.8 Billion
Select Investors
Sequoia Capital, Tencent, Google,
Temasek, DST Global, Warburg Pincus,
KKR, Meituan-Dianping

47. 47 / 139
Go-Jek
50% of Go-Jek's 16M-18M active users
use Go-Jek's payment gateway Go-Pay
for transactions 3-4 times a day.

48. 48 / 139

49. 49 / 139
Indodax (Bitcoin Indonesia)
Tokenomy
TokoCrypto
Triv
Pundi X
Digiro.in
IBN
Blockchain Zoo
Blocktech

50. 50 / 139

51. Overview
Cryptocurrency
51 / 139

52. 52 / 139

53. 53 / 139
Topics
Bitcoin
Cryptocurrency
Altcoins
Ethereum

54. 54 / 139

55. 55 / 139

56. 56 / 139
The 2008 nancial crisis caused a lot of people to lose trust in
banks as trusted third parties. Many questioned whether
banks were the best guardians of the global nancial system.
Bad investment decisions by major banks had proved
catastrophic, with rippling consequences.
Bitcoin - also proposed in 2008 -
presented something of an alternative.

57. 57 / 139
Bitcoin made digital transactions possible without a "trusted
intermediary". The technology allowed this to happen at scale,
globally, with cryptography doing what institutions like
commercial banks, nancial regulators, and central banks used
to do: verify the legitimacy of transactions and safeguard the
integrity of the underlying asset.
Bitcoin is a decentralized, public ledger. There is no trusted
third party controlling the ledger. Anyone with bitcoin can
participate in the network, send and receive bitcoin, and even
hold a copy of this ledger if they want to. In that sense, the
ledger is "trustless" and transparent.

58. 58 / 139
Bitcoin
The rst cryptocurrency
Created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009
Open source
Considered the reserve currency of the cryptocurrency
world
Lifetime supply of only 21M coins, of which likely about
30% are already lost
Ref: [J. Wong]

59. 59 / 139
Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a decentralized, public ledger. This ledger is known as a blockchain. There is no
trusted third party controlling the Bitcoin blockchain. Instead, anyone can read it, write to
it, and hold a copy.
The Bitcoin blockchain tracks a single asset: bitcoin. The
blockchain has rules, one of which states that there will only
ever be 21M bitcoin. All participants must agree to Bitcoin's
rules in order to use it.
Ref: [CBInsights]

60. 60 / 139
Bitcoin
Because anyone can read it and write to it, Bitcoin needs a
method to establish consensus among untrusted nodes. It
solves this problem via clever economics:
Incentive: The rst miner to verify transactions and devote immense computing
power to secure the blockchain can append a block of transactions to the chain of
previous blocks. This miner is rewarded with bitcoin, and the race starts over every
ten minutes.
Disincentive: Bad actors are dissuaded from attacking the blockchain, because it's
e ectively a money-losing proposition.
Ref: [CBInsights]

61. 61 / 139
Topics
Bitcoin
Cryptocurrency
Altcoins
Ethereum

62. Fiat Money vs. Cryptocurrency 62 / 139

63. 63 / 139

64. 64 / 139

65. 65 / 139
Digital asset for value exchange
Decentralized control (no central bank)
Uses cryptography for:
Securing transactions
Controlling creation of additional units
Verifying the transfer of assets
Most are built on a technology called blockchain, which is a
public, immutable, distributed ledger of all transactions

66. Bene ts
66 / 139

67. 67 / 139
#1Desentralized
Traditional money is controlled by banks and governments -
which makes it a "centralized" currency.
Crypto (eg. Bitcoin) is not controlled or
regulated by any single entity like a bank -
which makes it a "decentralized" currency.
Having no banks in control makes sending and receiving money
cheaper, faster, and easier.
Ref: [upfolio.com]

68. 68 / 139
#2No Counterfeit
Money
Paper currencies, credit cards, and checks can be counterfeit.
Crypto solves the Double Spend Problem
which means criminals cannot create fake
cryptos. Counterfeiting is (almost)
impossible.
Counterfeit traditional money is very common. In the U.S. alone it is estimated that
between $70 and $200 million in counterfeit bills are in circulation. That's up to 1 out of
every 4,000 real bills. You won't have to pay those high fees for fraud protection either!
Ref: [upfolio.com]

69. 69 / 139
#3Limited Supply
Traditional money is created by governments in unlimited
quantities. They print more constantly, which decreases the
value over time.
Cryptos' supply is usually limited. Why? It's
designed to be scarce so that it increases in
value over time.
A constantly increasing supply of money creates something called in ation. This means
that the money you are holding is worth a little less every day. If you're working hard and
trying to save up, that's bad. It's why an ice cream was $0.05 in 1950, but is $5.00 today
traditional money keeps losing value. Crypto's limited supply creates the opposite e ect,
called de ation.
Ref: [upfolio.com]

70. 70 / 139
#4Divisible
Old fashioned money can be spent only in amounts as small as
a single cent (ie. up to 2 decimal places). Crypto is highly
divisible because its value is designed to increase over time
(through de ation).
This divisibility means you can spend very small amounts of a coin. So basically, an ice
cream cone may cost 0.001 coins today, but in the future it may cost 0.00000010 coins, if
coin's value rises even more.
Crypto's high divisibility is useful eg. for microtransactions.
These are very small payments used for digital goods and
services. Microtransactions are something traditional money
can't do, because cents are not divisible enough and therefore
too big for very small purchases.
Ref: [upfolio.com]

71. 71 / 139
#5Security
Cryptocurrency uses cryptography to securely send payments.
Hence the name. Cryptography is a technology that protects
information through complex math functions.
Cryptocurrencies use strong cryptography to
protect your account and let you securely
send money.
Note that security is a highly-dynamic multi-dimensional aspect ie. cryptography alone is
not enough to de ne actual level of security.
Ref: [upfolio.com]

72. 72 / 139
Topics
Bitcoin
Cryptocurrency
Altcoins
Ethereum

73. 73 / 139
Altcoins
Alternative Coins
Coins that were created after Bitcoin.
Because Bitcoin's code is open-source, anyone can use Bitcoin's
code to create an altcoin. Many of them seek to improve on
Bitcoin or expand its capabilities.
Altcoins use di erent rules and engage with other economic
models.

74. 74 / 139
Cryptocurrencies focus on di erent goals, but almost all shared the original purpose of
removing middlemen.
Some of the most popular cryptocurrencies include Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, Dash,
NEO, Monero, and IOTA. The list grows constantly, because new cryptocurrencies are
created all the time.
Anybody is allowed to create their own cryptocurrency. In fact,
there are already over 1,500 di erent ones, and that number is
growing quickly. People are developing new cryptocurrencies
for fun, to solve problems, and to make money.
Because anybody with some technical skills can make them, it's important to know that
some cryptocurrencies are more trustworthy than others.
Ref: [upfolio.com]

75. Cryptocurrencies | Examples |Ref: [J. Wong] 75 / 139

76. Cryptocurrencies | Examples |Ref: [J. Wong] 76 / 139

77. Cryptocurrency | Top 10
77 / 139

78. Cryptocurrency | Bitcoin
78 / 139

79. Cryptocurrency | Ethereum
79 / 139

80. 80 / 139

81. Cryptocurrency | Top 5 81 / 139

82. Comparison | 11/08/2017 82 / 139

83. 83 / 139
Topics
Bitcoin
Cryptocurrency
Altcoins
Ethereum

84. 84 / 139
Ethereum
E ectively, Bitcoin is a decentralized application for payments.
Ethereum adds another layer by allowing users to put code on
its blockchain that executes automatically. This code is called a
"Smart Contract". In this way, Ethereum hopes to create a
decentralized computing platform - a global supercomputer.
Ref: [CBInsights]

85. Ethereum | Model/Stack
Ref: [Blockchainhub] 85 / 139

86. Bitcoin | Model/Stack (Extended)
Ref: [Blockchainhub] 86 / 139

87. 87 / 139
Ethereum is a decentralized platform
that runs smart contracts.
Ethereum allows participants to execute complex code (smart
contracts) on its ledger.
Ethereum uses a blockchain to track a
cryptocurrency called "ether". Users spend
ether to run programs on the Ethereum
platform.
Ethereum is also a construction set for building decentralized
applications. Instead of building their own blockchains from
scratch, developers can use Ethereum's blockchain.

88. 88 / 139

89. Some decentralized applications attacking di erent verticals. Ref: [CBInsights]
Many of these are building on top of Ethereum. 89 / 139

90. Selected Topics / Terms
90 / 139

91. 91 / 139
Token
Native Tokens
App Tokens
Utility Tokens
A unit of value for a blockchain system.
Tokens can be used for payment, access,
voting, and facilitating the overall blockchain
infrastructure.
Most tokens are based on Ethereum.
bitcoin is a token that provides ownership of a unit of account
on the Bitcoin ledger (BC). It is impossible to participate in the
Bitcoin ledger without owning bitcoin; bitcoin is the network's
exclusive means of exchange. In this sense, bitcoin isn't a
security, but utility within a network.

92. 92 / 139
Hash
Hash Function
Hash Value
Hash Rate
SHA-256
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of
arbitrary size to data of xed size. The values returned by a hash
function are called hash values, hash codes, digests, signatures,
or simply hashes.
Hash Rate/Power. The number of hash computations per unit time that can be
performed by a mining hardware. The rate determines their mining e ectiveness and
pro t.
SHA 256. SHA-256 is a member of the SHA-2 (Secure Hash
Algorithm 2) cryptographic hash functions. Digest is 32 Byte
(256 bits) long. Bitcoin mining uses SHA-256 as the Proof of
Work algorithm. SHA-256 is also used in the creation of bitcoin
addresses to improve security and privacy.

93. 93 / 139
Mining
Mining Pool
Mining Reward
Mining Rig
The process by which transactions get veri ed, bundled, and
added to the Blockchain. It's an essential part of any
cryptocurrency, because it processes all transactions.
Mining Pool. A group of people or organizations who come together to pool and share
their computer resources for cryptocurrency mining. They then also split the rewards.
Mining Reward. The payment resulting from volunteering
computer resources to process cryptocurrency transactions.
Mining rewards are often a mix of new coins and transaction
fees.
Mining Rig. A computer setup that's specially designed for mining a cryptocurrency. Often
involves multiple graphic cards (GPUs) or other complicated setups for maximum
e ciency.

94. BTC Mining Farm | Ref: [Bitcoin.com] 94 / 139

95. BTC Mining Farm | Ref: [Bitcoin.com] 95 / 139

96. Antminer S9 | Ref: [Bitmain.com]
96 / 139

97. Mining Pool 97 / 139

98. Mining Pool 98 / 139

99. Mining Calculator 99 / 139

100. 100 / 139

101. 101 / 139

102. 102 / 139

103. Bitcoin ATM 103 / 139

104. PundiX POS
104 / 139

105. 105 / 139
Consensus
Consensus Point
An automated mechanism that allows
blockchain participants to agree on which
transactions happened and in which order.
Consensus Point. A point in time when blockchain participants
agree on which transactions happened and in which order. Can
be based on a time interval or based on a volume of
transactions.

106. 106 / 139
PoW
Proof of Work
Bitcoin uses a Proof of Work scheme to
create distributed trustless consensus and
solve the double-spend problem.
Proof of Work is a requirement that mining be performed.
Miners proof that they did that computational work by nding
the solution of a math puzzle known as PoW problem.
All the network miners compete to be the rst to nd a solution for the mathematical
problem that concerns the candidate block, a problem that cannot be solved in other
ways than through brute force so that essentially requires a huge number of attempts. A
reward (new coins) is given to the rst miner who solves each blocks problem.

107. 107 / 139
PoW
Proof of Work
From a technical point of view, mining process is an
operation of inverse hashing: it determines a number
(nonce), so the cryptographic hash algorithm of block
data results in less than a given threshold.
A Proof of Work is a piece of data which is di cult (costly, time-
consuming) to produce but easy for others to verify and which
satis es certain requirements. Producing a PoW can be a
random process with low probability so that a lot of trial and
error is required on average before a valid proof of work is
generated. Bitcoin uses the Hashcash PoW system.
In order for a block to be accepted by network participants, miners must complete a PoW
which covers all of the data in the block. The di culty of this work is adjusted so as to
limit the rate at which new blocks can be generated by the network to one every 10
minutes (Bitcoin).
Due to the very low probability of successful generation, this makes it unpredictable
which worker computer in the network will be able to generate the next block.

108. 108 / 139
PoS
Proof of Stake
In a distributed consensus-based on the PoW, miners
need a lot of energy. One Bitcoin transaction required
the same amount of electricity as powering 1.57
American households for one day (data from 2015).
And these energy costs are paid with at currencies,
leading to a constant downward pressure on the
digital currency value.
In a PoS scheme, the creator of a new block
is chosen in a deterministic way, depending
on its wealth, also de ned as stake.
All the digital currencies are previously created in the
beginning, and their number never changes. This means that in
the PoS system there is no block reward and the miners take
the transaction fees. This is why, in fact, in this PoS system
miners are called forgers, instead.

109. Getting Started
109 / 139

110. Transaction via Middleman | Image: [upfolio.com] 110 / 139

111. P2P Transaction 111 / 139

112. P2P Transaction 112 / 139

113. Global P2P Transaction 113 / 139

114. 114 / 139
Software
Wallets
Testnet
Bitcoin
Electrum - PC/Desktop Wallet
Mycelium - Mobile/Android Wallet

115. Test - Scenario | #1 115 / 139

116. 116 / 139
Electrum
Testnet
[Desktop Entry]
Comment=Lightweight Bitcoin Client
Exec=sh -c 'PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH" electrum --testnet %u'
GenericName[en_US]=Bitcoin Wallet
GenericName=Bitcoin Wallet
Icon=electrum
Name[en_US]=Electrum Bitcoin Testnet
Name=Electrum Bitcoin Wallet
Categories=Finance;Network;
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false
Type=Application
MimeType=x-scheme-handler/bitcoin;
Actions=Testnet;
[Desktop Action Testnet]
Exec=sh -c 'PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH" electrum --testnet %u'
Name=Testnet mode

117. Electrum | Wallet Address 117 / 139

118. Faucet #1 | BTC TestNet by @ yingkiwi 118 / 139

119. Faucet #2 | coinfaucet.eu 119 / 139

120. History | Uncon rmed Transaction 120 / 139

121. History | Con rmed Transaction 121 / 139

122. Electrum | Coins View 122 / 139

123. Block Explorer | Transaction
123 / 139

124. {
"ver":1,
"inputs":[
{
"sequence":4294967295,
"witness":"02483045022100aad92c662f0369abc4cdf4ebb90c7cb29811249c2bd5fbb4637ca0c95628
"prev_out":{
"spent":true,
"tx_index":195484734,
"type":0,
"addr":"2MwsqxQxAnU1PB7eTuCjBDHAeYgxKhZvVUY",
"value":3320738522,
"n":1,
"script":"a91432cd808b9353756c63ddfec269c386237bab898f87"
},
"script":"160014c5277e82a71d090bf196638100cee37eebbc44c2"
}
],
"weight":670,
"block_height":1291812,
"relayed_by":"0.0.0.0",
"out":[
{
"spent":true,
"tx_index":195490461,
"type":0,
"addr":"myd2PyqaW2U1FnEhYXBBZ42fuXmxhmeYqF",
"value":65000000,
"n":0,
"script":"76a914c6982f286dff7d9ace75e6469fcafbedd89fc1f088ac"
},
{
"spent":true,
"tx_index":195490461,
"type":0,
"addr":"2N6m5i5S8z1Wgfr9bSXQBhFFGQaTAqDQs33",
"value":3255638522,
"n":1,
"script":"a914943f33e5dca35777b8e6974b75406182a2c9446187"
}
],
124 / 139
Transaction
JSON

125. Block Explorer | Block View
125 / 139

126. Test - Scenario | #2 126 / 139

127. Mycelium 127 / 139

128. Mycelium Testnet on Android 128 / 139

129. Faucet #1 129 / 139

130. Test - Scenario | #3 130 / 139

131. Electrum | Send Coins 131 / 139

132. Electrum | Send Coins 132 / 139

133. Electrum | Send Coins 133 / 139

134. History | Waiting for Con rmations 134 / 139

135. Balance | Transactions 135 / 139

136. Transaction Details 136 / 139

137. Refs/Resources
137 / 139

138. Refs/Resources
1. Discover Bitcoin, Ethereum & Blockchain @Upfolio
2. Machine Intelligence Platform @CBInsights
3. Mastering Bitcoin 2nd Edition - Programming the Open
Blockchain
+Many others cited in-context (on resp. slides).
138 / 139

139. 139 / 139
ENDEueung Mulyana
https://telematika.org/remark/blockchain1
Part #1 | CC BY-SA