Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria commonly found in the stomach lining. While most people infected do not experience problems, some can develop stomach ulcers or other issues. H. pylori infection can be diagnosed through tests of the blood, breath, or stool and is recommended for those with stomach ulcers. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria combined with other medications to reduce stomach acid, with the goal of healing ulcers and preventing future issues. Completing the full treatment course is important to ensure the bacteria is eliminated.

1. Helicobacter pylori Infection

5. Upper gastrointestinal tract

6. How is H. pylori Infection Diagnosed

8. Causes peptic ulcers

9. The Infection

11. Figure 1: Antral biopsy showing moderate chronic inflammation and moderate glandular atrophy.

12. Figure 2: Antral biopsy showing moderate glandular atrophy only without chronic inflammation.

13. H.pylori Transmission Oral-oral - Saliva or vomit Fecal-oral - Water contaminated with human waste - Factors linked to poor hygiene Iatrogenic - Contaminated endoscopes or pH probes

18. Endoscope