Vasculr malformations.pptx

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2. Vascular anomalies
3. Vascular anomalies • Abnormal swellings made up of blood vessels.
4. Vascular anomalies: Classification
5. Vascular anomalies: Classification Two- • Hemangioma • Vascular Malformations 1.High Flow -AV fistula 2.Low flow – capillary malformation - port-wine stains – venous malformations Cavernous hemangioma. – Lymphatic malformations
6. Hemangioma
7. Hemangioma • Vascular tumor-like structure • Present at or around birth or appeared later in life. • Self-involuting • Growing faster than body of patient • Eventually disappear
8. Vascular Malformations
9. Vascular Malformations • Enlarged or abnormal vessels • present at birth • Grow with rest of the body of patient • Essentially permanent.
10. Etiology
11. Etiology • Congenital – Mostly sporadic – Rarely autosomal dominant • Traumatic • Infections /Infestation • Autoimmunity • Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant) • Degenerative
12. Clinical Features
13. Clinical Features • Demography • Symptoms • Signs • Complications
14. Demography
15. Demography • Common in whites 10% of live births
16. Symptoms: site
17. Symptoms: site • Head and neck (59%) • Trunk (24%) • Lower extremities (10%) • Upper extremities (7%) • Liver and other viscra
18. Symptoms: Appearance • Colored congenital lesion • Vary from a hypopigmented macule to a bruiselike macule. • Lymphangioma-Soft doughy masses that are located in the head and neck region,
19. Symptoms:Natural history • Proliferative postnatal growth phase that lasts for 3-9 months • Gradual involution that occurs over 2-6 years. • Involution is usually complete by age 7-10 years.
20. Symptoms:Complications • In some cases, hemangiomas can be life- threatening or severely problematic, interfering with eating, breathing, seeing, hearing, and speaking.
21. Management
22. Management • Watchful waiting • Capillary malformations - argon laser or a flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (PDL). • Lymphangiomas -surgical excision • Systemic glucocorticoids • Beta blocker propranolol • Triamcinolone • Interferon alfa-2a • Ethanol sclerotherapy for venous malformation
23. Associated syndromes
24. Associated syndromes • Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome • Sturge-Weber syndrome
25. Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
26. Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome • Triad – Vascular tumors of the limbs, trunk, or perineum; – Varicose veins – Hypertrophy of the extremities
27. Sturge-Weber syndrome
28. Sturge-Weber syndrome • Facial lesion • Epileptic seizures • Hemiplegia • Visual field defects • Glaucoma.
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The terminology used to define, describe and categorize vascular anomalies, abnormal lumps made up of blood vessels, has changed. The term hemangioma originally described any vascular tumor-like structure, whether it was present at or around birth or appeared later in life. Mulliken et al. categorized these conditions into two families: one of self-involuting tumors, growing lesions that eventually disappear, and another of malformations, enlarged or abnormal vessels present at birth and essentially permanent. The importance of this distinction is that it makes it possible for early-in-life differentiation between lesions that will resolve versus those that are permanent. Examples of permanent malformations include port-wine stains (capillary vascular malformation) and masses of abnormal swollen veins(venous malformations).[3] The Mulliken categorisation has received major confirmation following discovery of the Glut-1 marker.[citation needed]
The terminology used to define, describe and categorize vascular anomalies, abnormal lumps made up of blood vessels, has changed. The term hemangioma originally described any vascular tumor-like structure, whether it was present at or around birth or appeared later in life. Mulliken et al. categorized these conditions into two families: one of self-involuting tumors, growing lesions that eventually disappear, and another of malformations, enlarged or abnormal vessels present at birth and essentially permanent. The importance of this distinction is that it makes it possible for early-in-life differentiation between lesions that will resolve versus those that are permanent. Examples of permanent malformations include port-wine stains (capillary vascular malformation) and masses of abnormal swollen veins(venous malformations).[3] The Mulliken categorisation has received major confirmation following discovery of the Glut-1 marker.[citation needed]
Vascular malformations - These are subdivided into high-flow (arterial, arteriovenous) malformations and slow-flow (venous, capillary, lymphatic) malformations;
Vascular malformations - These are subdivided into high-flow (arterial, arteriovenous) malformations and slow-flow (venous, capillary, lymphatic) malformations;

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