Git session Dropsolid.com

Overview
1. What is git?
2. Basic git
3. Workflow
4. Tips and tricks

What is git?

Open source distributed version control system

Distributed
• Everything is local
– Fast
– Every clone is a backup
– Work offline

Installing Git
• Download from http://gitscm.com/downloads
• Launch the installer
• Or Xcode, homebrew, …

Configuring Git
• $ git config --global user.name 'Hannes Tack‟
• $ git config –global user.email
„hannes@dropsolid.com‟

Clone a repo
• Clone an existing repo or create a new one:
– $ git clone user@host:repo

.gitignore
• What?
– Makes git ignore files / directories
– Repo specific or global
– Drupal example of a .gitignore file:
http://drupalcode.org/project/drupal.git/blob/HEAD:
/example.gitignore

.gitignore
# Ignore configuration files that may contain sensitive information
*/sites/*/settings*.php
# Ignore paths that contain user-generated content.
*/sites/*files
*/sites/*/private
# Ignore editor specific files
Drupal.sublime-projectcompletions
*.sublime-project
*.sublime-workspace
# Ignore OS specific files
.DS_Store

global .gitignore
• Create any file:
- $vi ~/.gitignore_global
• Add paths to be ignored.
- Example: https://gist.github.com/4321950

• Use as global gitignore file:
Git config –global core.excludesfile
~/.gitignore_global

local .gitignore
• Create a .gitignore file:
- $vi ~/your_project/.gitignore
• Place it anywhere in your repo
• Add paths to be ignored, relative to the location of
the file.

A basic workflow
•
•
•
•
•

Write code
Stage your changes
Review your changes
Commit your changes
Push your changes

A basic workflow
Git diff
• Git diff shows what you‟ve changed
• $ git diff <filename>

A basic workflow
Staged files
• git diff --staged shows the changes that are
staged
• git reset HEAD <filename> removes a file
from “staging”

A basic workflow
Git commit
• Changes are committed to local repo
• Others won‟t see these changes yet
• Commit message is required
• And should look like „Issue #123: describe what
you changed.‟

A basic workflow
• Remote branch contains commit(s) that are not
present in your local branch.
• Get those commits first by merging, then push your
commits.

A basic workflow
Fix code manually

A basic workflow
Fix conflict UI

A basic workflow
Push merged code

Git log
- View the latest 10 log messages
- $ git log -n 10

Git log
- Show nicer log:
- $ git log --oneline -n 20

Git log
- Search log messages content:
$ git log --grep=Breadcrumb

Git log
- Search commit content:
$ git log -S "Implements hook_views_data" –oneline

Git log
- Show commit content: $ git show de25c94

Git checkout
• Throw away changes: $ git checkout index.html
• Restores your working tree to the last version
committed to git.
• Use git checkout to throw away changes that have
not been added and committed.
• Use carefully.

Git reset
• Keep your code changes, remove file from
the index: $ git reset HEAD index.html
• Restores your index to the last version
known to git.

Git reset --hard
• Resets working tree and index to a specific
commit.
• $ git reset --hard 5497461
• Reset a branch to the origin branch: $ git
reset --hard origin/master
• Use carefully.

Git revert
• Undo a specific commit: $ git revert
5497461
• Creates a new commit that removes the
specified commit.

Branching
- List local branches:
$ git branch

Branching
- List all branches: $ git branch -a

Branching
- Create a new branch: $ git branch issue-123
- Switch to that branch: $ git checkout issue123
- Or create and switch to a branch: $ git
checkout -b issue-123
- Push branch to origin: $ git push origin
issue-123

Branching
- Use a remote branch: $ git checkout -t
origin/issue-11699

Branching
• Delete a local branch that is fully merged: $
git branch -d branch_name
• Force delete a local branch: $ git branch -D
branch_name
• Delete a remote branch: $ git push origin -delete :branch_name
• Completely remove a branch: $ git push
origin --delete :branch_name $ git branch -D
branch_name

Tagging
• Create tag: $ git tag sporting-beta-1 -a -m
'Sporting beta 1 release.'
• Push tag: $ git push --tags
• List tags: $ git tag

Tagging
• Move a tag: $ git tag -f sporting-beta-1
• Delete a tag: $ git tag -d sporting-beta-1 $
git push origin :sporting-beta-1

Patching
• $ git diff > [project_name][short_description]-[issue-number][comment-number].patch
• Add the patch file to the root of the module
you patched.

Git stash
• Store code changes without committing
them.
• Handy when you urgently need to switch
branches.
• Stash your code changes: $ git stash
• List all available stashes: $ git stash list
• Most recent stash is shown on top

Git stash
• Apply a stash: $ git stash apply stash@{0}

Git bisect
• Shortcuts
• Define aliases in .gitconfig file.
• Ex: ~/.gitconfig

Git bisect
• Find out in when something broke
• First, find a commit when everything was
working
• Find a commit where things are not working.
• Go to the root of the repository
• $ git bisect start $ git bisect good fd0a623 $
git bisect bad 256d85

Git bisect
• Refresh the page and see if the bug is there
• $ git bisect good/git bisect bad
• Repeat until git tells you the commit that
broke it

Resources
• Pro git book: http://git-scm.com/book
• Git bisect tutorial: http://webchick.net/node/99

Git session Dropsolid.com

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