Fats as a nutrient

Fats ( Lipids)
Nursing Path
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Nutrient
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
 Proteins
 Vitamins
 Minerals

FATS (Lipids)
 Composition
 Classification of fats
 Fatty Acids
 RDA of FAT
 Functions of Fat
 Digestion & Metabolism

INTRODUCTION
 Fat => 9 Kcal/gm
 Vitamin A, D , E , K
 Insulation
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FATS
Glycerol
C3H5(OH)3
Fatty Acid
Composition of FATS
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Classification of
FAT / Lipid
Simple Compound Derived Miscellaneous

Simple
LPIDS
FAT =
C3H5(OH)3 (Glycerol)
+
3 Fatty Acids
1 Fats &
Oils
2 Waxes
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Compound
FAT
Fat
+
P /Carbo
/ Protein
 Fat + Phosphorus
=Phospholipid
Fat + Carbohydrate
=Glycolipid
Fat + Protein
= Lipoproteins
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Derived Lipid
 Derived Lipid Produced from Fat & its Substances
Glycerol + Fatty Acids
 Glycerol :
 It makeup about 10% of Fat
 It is water soluble base Triglycerides
 During digestion Glycerol is removed & Available for Glucose
formation
 Fatty Acids :
 It is refined Fuel of Fat- Cell burns for Energy
 They may be Saturated or Unsaturated
 E.g. Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid,
Palmitic acid, Myristic acid, Steric acid.
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Miscellaneous Fat
 Steroid :
 The are fat related Substances containing
Sterols
 E.g. Cholesterol
 Terpenoids :
 Terpenoids referred as Isoprenoids
 Naturally occurring large organic chemicals
 Carotenoids:
 Yellow to Red Pigment
 E.g. Carotenes , Xanthopylls.
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Fatty Acid
 Structure
CH3 (CH2)nCOOH
 Saturated Fatty Acids
CH3 –CH2-CH2-CH2 – COOH
 Unsaturated Fatty Acids
CH3 –CH=CH-CH2 – COOH
MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acid) -Increase HDL
CH3 –CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH - COOH
PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) – Decrease Tryglyceride.
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Fatty Acid
 Essential Fatty Acid
Linoleni acid
Linoleic acid
 Non-essential Fatty Acid
Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
Butyric acid.
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Trans Fat :
o Fat formed when oils are partially
hydrogenated
o Increase risk of Heart Disease
Triglycerides:
o They are ester of Glycerol with Fatty acid
o It is main form of Fat in food
o 80-90% of body lipid are Triglyceride
o They help to maintain body Temperature
o Excess calorie convert in to Triglyceride
Visible & Invisible Fats:
Visible: Ghee, Oils, Margarine
Invisible: Baked food, Ice-cream , Nuts

Cholesterol :
o One of the Sterols
o Its found different concentration in
animal tissues & Blood
o It is synthesize in body by the Liver
o Body normally synthesized 2
gm/Day
o Normal level in Blood = 150- 250
mg/dl
o Cholesterol is precursor of the bile
salt
o It is restricted in Atherosclerosis.

Recommended Dietary Allowance
(RDA)
Group Fat
(g/day)
Adult Man 20
Adult Women 20
Pregnant women 30
Lactating 45
Children (1-9 Year) 25
Children (10-18 Year) 22
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Functions of FAT
 Body Fuel
 Constituent of cell
Membrane
 Digestion, Absorption &
Utilization of
Vit.A,D,E,K
 Cellular Metabolic
regulator
 Protect internal organs
 As a compound of
mitochondrial
membranes
 Effect of Stomach
Fullness
 Proteins sparing effect
 Energy storage in
Adipose tissue
 As a Insulator
 Fatty acids –
Maintenance of
Membrane
 Regulation of cholesterol
 Delaying Blood clotting
time.

Digestion & Absorption of Fat
Food Fat => Stmach =>
Emulsified Fat => Intstine =>
Mono, Diglyceride, Fatty acid, Glycerol =>
Absorbed in Blood => Liver, Tissue
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METABOLISM OF FAT
Anabolism =
Lipid →Adipose tissue (Lipogenesis)
Fatty acid + Glycerol
Fatty acid → Muscle → ATP
Glycerol → Liver cell → Glucose
Catabolism=
Fat → Fatty acid + Glycerol
Fatty acid → Energy
Glycerol → Broken down → Waste
product.
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STORAGE OF FAT
Lipid Storage:
 Liver
 Adipose
 Muscle
 Tissue
 Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
 Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
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STORAGE OF FAT
 Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
 Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
 Chylomicrons , VLDL, LDL → Transport Lipids from
Intestine to → Liver→ Tissue
 LDL  Bad Cholesterol
 HDL  Good Cholesterol
 Apart from lipoproteins, Triglycerides, Cholesterol &
Phospholipids are also synthesised in liver .
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 Deficiency of Fat in Diet
 Cause deficiency of essential fatty acids →
Lead to cessation of growth
 Cause Flaky skin
 Development of itchy sores on scalp
 Phynoderma or toad skin
 Excess Fat in Diet :
 Obesity
 Slow down digestion & absorption of Food
 Interferes in absorption of Calcium
 Cause ketosis.
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ThankYou

Fats as a nutrient

Fats as a nutrient

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Fats as a nutrient