cancer education

1. The growing burden of
cancer in India
Dr.Biplabendu Talukdar
MD(Immuno-Hematology)
M.Phil (Regenerative Medicine)
Assistant Director (Medical), SBTC,WB

2. Epidemiology and social context
•1million new cases of cancer diagnosed each
year in 1.2 billion population.
•1.7 million by 2035
•600 000- 700 000 deaths in India were
caused by cancer.
•Male and female ratio

3. Social context
•Tobacco and alcohol use
•Infection
•Diet.
•Physical inactivity
•Altered bio-rhythms

4. Tobacco And Alcohol:
Deadly Combination
•It is estimated that
tobacco smoking and
alcohol drinking
combined account for
approximately ¾ of
all oral and
pharyngeal cancers

5. Tobacco consumption
•India is home to 10% of the worlds smokers
•India has 120 million tobacco users ( GATS-
2009-2010 )
•Cigarette and bidi smoking causes about 5%
of all deathes in women and 20% of all deaths
in men aged 30-69 years.

6. PASSIVE SMOKING
• WHO estimates
passive smoking
causes 600 000 deaths
every year
• One third of those
killed are children
,who are often exposed
to smoke at home

7. Relationship Between Cell Events and Lesion
Appearance
DNA AdductsSmoking Environmental
Factors
Virus Diet
DNA Damage
Oral Leukoplakia [White Lesions]
Erythroplakia [Red Lesions]
Premalignant
Oral Carcinoma Malignant
DNA Repair
DNA Content
Cell Growth
Apoptosis

8. Cervical Cancer
• is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide
• it is the leading cause of cancer-related death for women in
developing countries.
• In the United States, cervical cancer is relatively uncommon.
it continues to rise in many developing countries.

10. Causes of cervical cancer
• What is breast cancer?
re sEarly epidemiological data demonstrated a direct causal relationship
between cervical cancer and sexual activity.
• Major risk factors include:
• sex at a young age,
• multiple sexual partners,
• promiscuous male partners,
• history of sexually transmitted diseases.
• the search for a potential sexually transmitted carcinogen had been
unsuccessful until breakthroughs in molecular biology enabled scientists to
detect viral genome in cervical cells
• ome Causes and risks?
• What are the Symptoms?
• How about some Epidemiology?
• What’s the deal with BRCA1 and BRCA2?
• Are there Early Detection and Treatments?
• Do I have a check list I can follow?

11. • the first symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding, usually
postcoital.
• Vaginal discomfort, malodorous discharge, and dysuria are
not uncommon.
• abnormal Papanicolaou test result.
• The tumor grows by extending upward to the endometrial
cavity, downward to the vagina, and laterally to the pelvic
wall.
• It can invade the bladder and rectum directly

12. • Strong evidence now implicates human papillomaviruses (HPVs)
as prime suspects.
• HPV viral DNA has been detected in more than 90% of squamous
intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and invasive cervical cancers
compared to a consistently lower percentage in controls.
• Both animal data and molecular biologic evidence confirm the
malignant transformation potential of papilloma virus–induced
lesions.
• SILs are found predominantly in younger women,
• while invasive cancers are detected more often in women aged 10-
15 years older, suggesting slow progression of cancer.

13. When you hear the
term breast cancer,
what does it
mean to you?

14. THE GLOBAL BREAST CANCER CRISIS
Somewhere in the world…
• A case of breast cancer is diagnosed
every 19 seconds
• A woman dies from breast cancer every 60
seconds
Over the next 25 years…
• Another 42 million new cases are
expected worldwide
• Another 13 million people worldwide will
die from breast cancer

16. What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a disease where cells in the breast tissue
divide and grow without normal controls.

17. 15
Many changes occur over a woman’s lifetime.
Puberty
Menstrual Cycle
Pregnancy
Post Menopause
10/7/15 Confidential & Proprietary
Breast Structure & Anatomical Changes

18. Benign Breast Conditions
• Benign = not cancerous
• Fibrocystic changes
• Common benign changes:
- Hyperplasia
- Cysts
- Fibroadenomas Calcifications

19. Women Breast Self – Awareness Messages
1. Know your risk
2. Know what is normal for you
3. Get screened
4. Make healthy lifestyle choices

20. Key Message – Know Your Risk
Talk to your mother’s and father’s
families about your family health
history
• Talk to a doctor about your risk of
breast cancer

21. Imaging Tests
Breast Ultrasound
Mammography
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

22. Key Message – Make Healthy
Lifestyle Choices
Maintain a healthy weight
• Add exercise into your routine
• Limit alcohol intake
• Limit menopausal hormone use
• Breastfeed, if you can

23. Thank you