Anúncio

Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of Chinese on Turkish Newspapers

Faculty Member
12 de Nov de 2013
Anúncio

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Apresentações para você(20)

Similar a Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of Chinese on Turkish Newspapers(20)

Anúncio

Mais de Ulaş Başar Gezgin (20)

Último(20)

Anúncio

Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of Chinese on Turkish Newspapers

  1. Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of Chinese on Turkish Newspapers Assist.Prof.Dr. Ulas Basar Gezgin E-mail: ulasbasar@gmail.com
  2. Abstract • The area of social cognition involves how people interpret the social phenomena such as other people, countries, nations, social groups etc. The notion of stereotypes is one of the most common topics studied as one of the keys to uncover psychology of social cognition. The Oxford Dictionary defines ‘stereotype’ as “a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing”. Due to the non-existence of Chinatowns and thus low social accessibility of Chinese people, Chinese are less known by Turkish people face-to-face. The information about Chinese are mostly acquired from news media and fictional works such as Jackie Chan films and kung-fu movies. The absence of faceto-face contact among many and the selectivity of media and films over social representations of Chinese might be held responsible for stereotypicality of social representations of Chinese in Turkey, rather than genuineness. Secondly, the area of media psychology studies the link between media and people’s psychology including people’s stereotypes and social representations. Mass communication theories consider media users as passive recipients which are shaped by media corporations, while more recent theories revamp this equation. In this paper, matching the discussions within media psychology and intercultural communication, the social representations of Chinese on Turkish newspapers are investigated. It is observed that Chinese appear on Turkish newspapers with extraordinary news, male-female imbalance, one child policy, political issues, commerce, long life, made-in-China products, consumerism, electronic products, hackers, tainted products, archeological and scientific discoveries, economic competition between China and U.S. etc. • Keywords: Media psychology, social cognition, stereotypes, Chinese, intercultural communication
  3. Social Representations • Social representations are the cognitive structures that “organise the worldviews of community members and guide their interpretation of reality and their everyday practices” (Campbell & Jovchelovitch, 2000, p.260). In contrast to the purely cognitive approaches, they “do not originate from pure reasoning or information processing. They are rooted in the past, culture, tradition and language” (Markova, 2003, p.xii).
  4. Social Cognition • Whereas social cognition “is the study of the mental processes involved in perceiving, attending to, remembering, thinking about, and making sense of the people in our social world” (Moskowitz, 2005, p.3). The social cognition approach exclusively focuses on the individual (Augoustinos, Walker & Donaghue, 2006), while social representations approach situates him/her within a social context.
  5. Stereotypes • One of the major concepts within this context is social stereotypes which refer to simplified mental representations about a particular group of people. They are usually negative, but positive stereotyping is possible as well. Stereotypes don’t correctly represent the social world, since they are just simplifications which are not capable of capturing the complexity of the social world. McGarty, Yzerbyt & Spears (2002) states that • [w]ithout individuals there could be no society, but unless individuals also perceive themselves to belong to groups, that is, to share characteristics, circumstances, values and beliefs with other people, then society would be without structure or order. These perceptions of groups are called stereotypes (McGarty, Yzerbyt & Spears, 2002, p.1).
  6. Method • Hurriyet Newspaper Archive • 1 January 2013-27 September 2013
  7. News That Involve Chinese • Top Columnists on China • Gila Benmayor 71 • Vahap Munyar 38 • Hadi Uluengin 34 • Emre Özpeynirci 27 • Yalçın Bayer 27 • Engin Kratzer 20 • Doğan Hızlan 15 • Sevil Atasoy 18 • Kanat Atkaya 14 • Yalçın Doğan 13 • Serdar Turgut 12 • Fatih Altaylı 11 • (Caution: The start date for each columnists) • Source: Hurriyet Archive
  8. News That Involve Chinese by Section 1 Jan 1997-27 Sept 2013 Source: Hurriyet Archive
  9. Chinese on Turkish Newspapers • Extraordinary news, • Male-female imbalance, • One child policy, • Political issues, • Commerce, • Long life, • Made-in-China products, • Consumerism, • Electronic products, • Hackers, • Tainted products, • Archeological and scientific discoveries, • Economic competition between China and U.S. etc.
  10. Economy & commerce news
  11. Economy & Commerce: Metro
  12. Economy & Commerce: Metro
  13. Economy & Commerce: Metro
  14. Economy & Commerce: Metro
  15. Economy & Commerce: Metro
  16. Economy & Commerce: Automobiles
  17. Economy & Commerce: Automobiles
  18. Economy & Commerce: Automobiles
  19. Economy & Commerce: Automobiles
  20. Economy & Commerce: Fairs
  21. Economy & Commerce: Fairs
  22. Economy & Commerce: Fairs
  23. Economy & Commerce: Energy
  24. Economy & Commerce: Energy
  25. Economy & Commerce: Energy
  26. Economy & Commerce: Energy
  27. Economy & Commerce: Energy
  28. Economy & Commerce
  29. Economy & Commerce
  30. Economy & Commerce
  31. Economy & Commerce
  32. Economy & Commerce
  33. Economy & Commerce
  34. Economy & Commerce
  35. Economy & Commerce
  36. Economy & Commerce
  37. ExtraordInary news
  38. Extraordinary
  39. Extraordinary
  40. Extraordinary
  41. Extraordinary
  42. Extraordinary
  43. Extraordinary
  44. Extraordinary
  45. Extraordinary
  46. Extraordinary
  47. Extraordinary
  48. Extraordinary
  49. Extraordinary: Nouveaux Riches
  50. Extraordinary: Nouveaux Riches
  51. Extraordinary: Nouveaux Riches
  52. polItIcs news
  53. Politics
  54. Politics
  55. Politics
  56. Politics
  57. Politics
  58. Politics
  59. Politics
  60. Politics (Encounters)
  61. Politics (Encounters)
  62. Food news
  63. Food
  64. Food
  65. Food
  66. Food/Fair
  67. Food/Fair
  68. Food/Fair
  69. Food
  70. Culture & arts news
  71. Culture & Arts
  72. Culture & Art
  73. Culture & Art
  74. Culture & Arts
  75. Culture & Arts
  76. Culture & Arts
  77. ELECTRONICS
  78. Electronics
  79. Electronics
  80. Electronics
  81. Electronics
  82. Electronics
  83. Electronics
  84. WUSHU
  85. Wushu
  86. Wushu
  87. Wushu
  88. Wushu
  89. Wushu
  90. Wushu
  91. ENCOUNTERS
  92. Encounters: Tourism
  93. Encounters: Tourism
  94. Encounters: Tourism
  95. Encounters/Metro
  96. LABOR
  97. Labor
  98. Labor
  99. Labor
  100. Labor
  101. TRAVEL
  102. Travel
  103. Travel
  104. Travel
  105. EMERGING THEMES
  106. Emerging Themes: Space
  107. Emerging Themes: Sports
  108. Emerging Themes: Pollution
  109. Emerging Themes: Pollution
  110. Chinese on Turkish Newspapers (2013) • Economy & Commerce • Extraordinary • Politics • Food • Culture & arts • Wushu • Electronics • Labor • Encounters • Travel • Emerging
  111. Discussion • Usually on economy or IT pages • Tr restaurants in Cn & Cn restaurants in Tr. • Martial arts. • Travelogues. • Sport news not covered. • Beijing Olympics effect. • News about China and about Chinese elsewhere (including Turkey). • China vs. Chinese (country vs. people). • News from Atlantic agencies vs. Chinese sources vs. Turkish sources.
  112. Discussion • Impression management • Outgroup homogeneity (linked to extraordinary news) • Post-colonial discourse?, encounters • China as a mediator in Syrian conflict (but not Chinese). • Temporality and impact of news • Encounters can cover fairs, sports and culture & arts events as well. • Categories are not mutually exclusive.
  113. Limitations • Only covering printed materials; no TV, no social media. • Covering only one newspaper (but popular) in a single year (2013).
  114. Future Studies • News as the reflection of representations vs. News building representations (both) • The relationship btw social realities vs. News. • What are worthy of news, how they are omitted or included, how they are doctored etc. • How the same news are represented on Chinese media. • How Turkish are represented on Chinese media. • Differences in centrality of the news (e.g. Percentage of Turkish/Chinese on headlines); • Interviews with top Turkish columnists on China about media representations. • Comparisons of other Turkish newspapers. • Newspapers vs. other media sources. • Who represents? Foreign agencies, Turkish agencies, Turkish media companies, journalists, governments? etc. • Reader comments
  115. Future Studies • Yearly comparisons could be done in the future. Trendy topics each year could be different, but some of them are common. Recurring themes provide the underlying representations. • Recurring themes vs. Emerging themes vs. Trendy themes • In numerical comparisons, annual ups and lows should be considered. Also before 1997 & 1973.
  116. Conclusion • Economy & Commerce • Extraordinary • Politics • Food • Culture & arts • Wushu • Electronics • Labor • Encounters • Travel • Emerging

Notas do Editor

  1. <number>
  2. <number>
  3. <number>
  4. <number>
  5. <number>
  6. <number>
  7. <number>
  8. <number>
  9. <number>
  10. <number>
  11. <number>
  12. <number>
  13. <number>
  14. <number>
  15. <number>
  16. <number>
  17. <number>
  18. <number>
  19. <number>
  20. <number>
  21. <number>
  22. <number>
  23. <number>
  24. <number>
  25. <number>
  26. <number>
  27. <number>
  28. <number>
  29. <number>
  30. <number>
  31. <number>
  32. <number>
  33. <number>
  34. <number>
  35. <number>
  36. <number>
  37. <number>
  38. <number>
  39. <number>
  40. <number>
  41. <number>
  42. <number>
  43. <number>
  44. <number>
  45. <number>
  46. <number>
  47. <number>
  48. <number>
  49. <number>
  50. <number>
  51. <number>
  52. <number>
  53. <number>
  54. <number>
  55. <number>
  56. <number>
  57. <number>
  58. <number>
  59. <number>
  60. <number>
  61. <number>
  62. <number>
  63. <number>
  64. <number>
  65. <number>
  66. <number>
  67. <number>
  68. <number>
  69. <number>
  70. <number>
  71. <number>
  72. <number>
  73. <number>
  74. <number>
  75. <number>
  76. <number>
  77. <number>
  78. <number>
  79. <number>
  80. <number>
  81. <number>
  82. <number>
  83. <number>
  84. <number>
  85. <number>
  86. <number>
  87. <number>
  88. <number>
  89. <number>
  90. <number>
  91. <number>
  92. <number>
  93. <number>
  94. <number>
  95. <number>
  96. <number>
  97. <number>
  98. <number>
  99. <number>
  100. <number>
  101. <number>
  102. <number>
  103. <number>
  104. <number>
  105. <number>
  106. <number>
  107. <number>
  108. <number>
  109. <number>
  110. <number>
  111. <number>
  112. <number>
  113. <number>
  114. <number>
  115. <number>
  116. <number>
Anúncio