Milankovic book Dalj Pandzic 2009

1. Astronomical Theory of Climatic Changes and Its Application in Geophysics by Milutin Milankovi ć Krešo Pandžić , Tanja Likso Meteorological and Hydrological Service, CROATIA

2. Content 1 Croatian edition of Milankovi ć ’s book - “ Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics” 2 Milutin Milankovi ć - a traveller through space and ages 3 Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics 4 Scientific echo of Milankovi ć ’s astronomical theory of ice ages 5 Conclusion

12. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART I - Theory Scheme of the Earth orbital element changes

14. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART I - Theory Material embedded in the ice sheet is deposited at the terminus to form moraine. Geologists use them for ice age study.

15. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART I - Theory Geologists use moraines for ice age study.

16. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART II - Application Figure 15. Oscillations of amplitudes of summer irradiation for 65 degree parallel (After Milanković, 1948) Figure 12. Distribution of glacial and interglacial episodes (After Penck, 1932)

17. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART II - Application “ If schemes from Figures 12 and 15 are compared then an extraordinary agreement between them is obvious although they have been obtained on two quite different ways: by geological study and astronomical calculations, respectively. Then, Austrian meteorologist Köppen confimed how in my calculations a fully appearing of four Alpine ice ages of Penck-Brückner scheme, what very soon has been accepted by Brückner himself.”

18. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART II - Application “ Our citizenship calendar is in principle an accounting of space events. In its elements as: day, month and year are all space events: rotation of the Earth, Moon moving around Earth and the Earth moving around the Sun. The same situation is with the “calendar” of Earth past i.e. with obtained irradiation c u rves. Within the space events of higher categories are reflected:: obliquity of Eart´s axis, eccentricity of the orbit and precession.”

19. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART II - Application “ High position of ice c o ver preserves its from melting in shorter intermediate ice ages between Ginc and Mindel as well as Ris and Virm. During a longer intermediate period between Mindel and Ris ice melting has been at the whole. The s now c o ver on the Greenland by his high elevation is able to resist warmth of Sun’s rays.”

20. 3 . Astronomical theory of climate changes and its application in geophysics PART II - Application Greenland in Summer

22. 4. Scientific echo of Milankovic’s astronomical theory of ice ages “ Hays et al. (1976), according to “records” in oceans confirmed Milankovi c ’s astronomical theory of ice ages: “ It is concluded that changes of Earth orbital geometry are basic cause of quaternary ice age cycle. The m odel of future climate based on the orbital-climate relationship, ignoring the human influence, indicate a trend to the colder climate on the northern hemisphere in around next twenty thousands years.”

23. 4. Scientific echo of Milankovic’s astronomical theory of ice ages Comparison of Solar forcing and stage of glaciations

24. 4. Scientific echo of Milankovic’s astronomical theory of ice ages Milanković’s irradiation c u rve for the Northern pole for past 250 and future 50 thousands years

25. 4. Scientific echo of Milankovic’s astronomical theory of ice ages Recent global warming climate scenario, very probably under strong human influence

28. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO: Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, of Republic of Croatia, for financial support Mile Radović, Director of “Prosvjeta”, Prof. Branka Fulanović, Editor Tanja Likso, Redactor Bojan Vršnak, Reviewer Ivan Čačić and Zvonko Žibrat , Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia Mirko Orlić, Branko Grisogono, Zoran Pasarić, Geophusical Institute “Andrija Mohorovičić”

29. THANK YOU