The document discusses key aspects of disaster management including defining disasters, their causes both natural and human-made, and an overview of disaster management phases from preparedness to response and recovery. It emphasizes that disaster management is an integrated process involving preparedness activities before a disaster, emergency response during, and rebuilding after. The summary focuses on these essential high level points covered in the document.

1. EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Humanitarian Aid
k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;~rfng xft]k'l:tsf
;'/lIft ;d'bfo bf]>f]M k|sf]k ;fdgfsf nflu ;Ifd ;d'bfo kl/of]hgf

2. zLif{s k|sf]k eg]sf] s] xf] <
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] k|sf]k s] xf] eGGf] af/] :ki6 hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L
c?nfO{ ;d]t atfpg ;Sg]5g .
;do $ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw, lrq 5nkmn / AofVofg ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, kf]i6/, k|sf]k 1fgdfnf, ANofs af]8, rs cflb .
{
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfkmgf] ufp+df 36g] k|sf]ksf 36gfsf af/]df atfpg nufpg] .
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ xft]kl:tsfdf /x]sf lrqx? b]vfpg] / x/]s lrqx?sf] af/]df 5nkmn u/fpg] .
'
Ì 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ Anfsaf]8{df l6Kg] .
Ì xft]k'l:tsfdf ePsf] kl/efiffnfO{ ;xefuLx?nfO{ k9g nufO{ ;xhstf{n] k|i6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]ksf] af/]df k|i6 ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

4. k|sf]k eg]sf] s] xf] <
Ì k|fs[lts sf/0fn] jf dflg;x?sf] lqmofsnfksf sf/0f k}bf x'g] s'g} klg 36gfn] 7"nf] dfqfdf
wghgsf] Iflt u/fO{ ;d'bfosf] hghLjg c:tJo:t x'g] / pQm cj:yfnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ aflx/L
;xof]usf] cfjZostf kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ k|sf]k elgG5 .
Ì af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL, e"sDk, xfjfx'/L, dxfdf/L cflbh:tf vt/faf6 pTkGGf x'g] ljkbk"0f{
cj:yfnfO{ k|sf]k elgG5 .
Ì k|sf]ksf 36gfx?df k/]/ dflg;sf] d[To' x'G5, w]/} dflg;x? 3fOt] x'G5g, 3/af/, v]taf/L /
afnLgfnL tyf cGo wgdfn gi6 eP/ w]/} dflg; 3/af/ljxLg x'G5g . ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkx?
Gff]S;fg x'G5g .

5. zLif{s k|sf]ksf sf/0fx?
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] k|sf]ksf k|fs[lts tyf dfgjLo sf/s tTjx?af/]
hfgsf/L kfpg]5g / k|sf]ksf] af/]df ePsf] e|fds cjwf/0ffaf6 d'Qm x'g]5g .
;do $ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, k|sf]k 1fgdfnf, Anofs af]8{, rs cflb .
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|sf]k s] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf]nf egL Ps Ps j6f ljrf/ eGg nufpg] .
Ì 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ Anfsaf]8{df l6Kg] .
Ì xft]k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf sf/0fx?nfO{ Ps Ps 5nkmn u/L k|i6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]ksf] af/]df k|i6 eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

6. k|sf]ksf sf/0fx?
k|fs[lts sf/0f
Ì Gf]kfnsf] w/ftn ljZjs} sfG5f] kj{t >[+vnf ePsfn] k"0f{ ?kdf l:y/ eOg;s]sfn] hdLgsf]
;tx vl:sg] hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 .
Ì g]kfnsf] e'ue{df pQ/L If]qdf /x]sf] lta]l6og Kn]6 / blIf0fL If]qdf /x]sf] ef/tLo 6]S6f]lgs
Kn]6 cfk;df 3':b} uPsfn] e"sDkLo hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 .
Ì blIf0f tkm{ /x]sf] a+ufnsf] vf8Laf6 p7g] dg;'gL jfo' pRr lxdz[v+nfdf 7f]lSsbf cTolws
jiff{ eO{ af9L tyf klx/f]sf] hf]lvddf kb{5 .
Ì Jffo'd08ndf x'g] ljleGGf k|ltlqmofsf sf/0f cl;gf, r6of·, x'/Latf;, zLtnx/, v8]/L h:tf
36gfx? x'g k'Ub5g .
Ì ljZjJofkL tfkqmd j[l4n] >[hgf u/]sf] gsf/fTds kl/l:yltsf] k|efj:j?k hnjfo kl/jt{g
x'+bf To;n] ljljw vfn] k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd a9fPsf] 5 .

7. k|sf]ksf sf/0fx?
dfgjLo sf/0f
Ì clzIff jf r]tgfsf] sdLsf sf/0f Kf|sf]knfO{ O{Zj/ jf efUosf] v]n eg]/ lng] kl/kf6L
k|sf]ksf] sf/s xf] .
Ì JofKt ul/aLn] ubf{ k| s f] k ;fdgf ug] { Ifdtf sd u/fO{ k| s f] k sf] dfqf a9fp+ 5 .
Ì le/fnf] e"lddf ul/g] cj}1flgs v]tLsf sf/0f e"Ifo tyf klx/f]sf] ;d:of a9fp+5 .
Ì clgolGqt ?kdf ul/g] jgljgfz tyf vf]l/of km8fgL u/L af9L, klx/f]nufotsf vt/fx?nfO{
j[l4 ub{5 .
Ì k|sf]ksf] ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofg glbO{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf ljsf;sf sfdx? Hf:t} k'n, af6f], s[lqd
af+w, l;rfO{+ gx/, ejgx?n] ;d]t hf]lvd a9fp+5g .
Ì pBf]uaf6 pT;h{g x'g] ljiffQm j:t'x? ;xL 9+un] lj;h{g gul/Psf sf/0f k|bi' f0f a9]/ k|sf]ksf]
36gf x'g] ;Defjgf a95 .
Ì Af9bf] h}ljs OGwgsf] k|of]uaf6 k[YjLdf tfkqmd a9g uO{ lxdfnL If]qdf lxp+ kUnL ;dy/
If]qdf af9L nufotsf k|sf]k cflb al9/x]sf] 5 .

8. zLif{s k|sf]k Joj:yfkg eg]sf] s] xf] <
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg Pp6f ;dli6ut sfo{ xf] eGGf] af/]df hfgsf/L
kfpg]5g .
;do $ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw, v]n
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, Go"h lk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k cflb .
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L k|sf]k x'g' cufl8, ePsf] a]nf / k|sf]k eO;s] kl5 s]
s] ug'{kb{5 eGg] ljifodf ;d"x 5nkmn u/fO{ k|:t't ug{ nufpg] .
Ì xft]k'l:tsfdf pNn]lvt rqmnfO{ v]nsf] dfWodaf6 k|i6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]ksf] af/]df k|i6 eP ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

9. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg eg]sf] s] xf] <
Ì k|sf]k Joj:yfkg eg]sf] k|sf]ksf] lj:tf/ x'g glbg / To;af6 x'g] Iflt sd ug{ tyf
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ ckgfOg] Jojl:yt sfo{ljlw xf] .
Ì k|sf]ksf] ;dodf ;s]:fDd hgwgsf] Iflt x'g glbg jf gu0o dfq x'g] cj:yf agfpg
ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{nfO{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg elgG5 .
Ì k|sf]k Joj:yfkg cGtu{t k|sf]ksf 36gf cufj} ul/g] k"j{tof/L, k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf ul/g]
p4f/ tyf /fxt, / k|sf]k kZrft ul/g] k'[g{:yfkgf tyf k'glg{df{0f sfo{x? kb{5g .

10. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg rqm
k"j{tof/L
Go"gLs/0f k|sf]k
k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
Kf'glg{df0f p4f/ / /fxt
Kf'gM :yfkgf

11. zLif{s k|sf]k k"j{tof/L eg]sf] s] xf] <
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k k"j{tof/Laf/] hfgsf/L kfpg'sf ;fy} kfl/jfl/s
/ ;fd'bflos :t/df k"j{tof/Lsf] z'?cft ug]{5g .
;do $ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]kl:tsf, lrq cflb .
'
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|sf]k k"j{tof/L ;DaGwL 1fg lbO{ k"j{tof/L rqmaf/] k|i6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]ksf] af/]df k|i6 ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

12. k|sf]k k"j{tof/L eg]sf] s] xf] <
Ì eljiodf 36g ;Sg] k|sf]ksf] 36gfaf6 pTkGg x'g] kl/l:yltsf nflu klxn] g} tof/L
eP/ a:g' k"jtof/L xf] .
{
Ì k|sf]k k"jtof/L eGgfn] k|sf]k kg'{ cufl8 ul/g] sfo{sf nflu, k|sf]ksf] a]nf / kl/;s]sf]
{
cj:yfdf t'?Gt ug'{kg]{ p4f/ tyf /fxtsfnflu tof/ eP/ a:g' xf] .
Ì k|sf]k k"jtof/L cGtu{t d'Votof hLjg/Iff Pj+ cf}ifwL pkrf/, vfgf, cfjf;, nQfsk8f
{
/ ;'/Iffsf] nflu klxn] g} tof/ eP/ a:g' xf] .
Ì k|sf]ksf] l:ylt ;fdgf ug{sf nflu clu|d of]hgf agfO{ of]hgfa4 ?kdf To:sf] k|ltsfo{sf
nflu ;d'bfonfO{ tof/L cj:yfdf /fVg' xf] .

13. k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf lqmofsnfkx?
Ì k|sf]k k"j{tof/L ;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4sf lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng .
Ì k|sf]ksf vt/f, hf]lvd / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f .
Ì Ifdtf clej[l4 ;DaGwL tflnd tyf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng .
Ì Kf|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf .
Ì ;'/lIft vfg]kfgLsf] k|aGw .
Ì k|sf]k k"j{ r]tfjgL k|0ffnL :yfkgf .
Ì cfktsfnLg of]hgf, ;fdfu|L tyf sf]ifsf] Joj:yf .
Ì p4f/ tyf /fxt cEof; .

14. k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf r/0fx?

16. zLif{s k|sf]k k|efljt JolQm÷;d'bfosf] clwsf/
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k k|efljtx?sf] clwsf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L kfO{ clwsf/
;DaGwL ;r]tgf j[l4 x'g]5 .
;do $ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, Go"h lk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k cflb .
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|sf]k k|efljtx?sf] clwsf/ s] s] x'g ;Sb5 eGg] af/] af]Ng] df}sf
lbg] .
Ì ;d'bfosf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] clwsf/ tyf zlQm ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
Ì clwsf/sf] af/]df xft]k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf] s'/fnfO{ k|i6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]ksf] clwsf/ / lqmofsnfk af/]df k|i6 ePsf]
;'lglZrt ug]{ .

17. Kf|sf]k k|efljt JolQm jf ;d'bfosf] clwsf/
Ì k|sf]k k|efljtx? klg c? ;/x g} ;Ddflgt gful/s xg . pgLx? cfkmgf ljifodf x'g]
5nkmn jf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf :jtGq ?kn] ;xefuL x'g ;S5g .
Ì vfgf, 5fgf, gfgf, kfgL, :jf:Yo, lzIff / ;'/Iffnufotsf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k|sf]k
k|efljt gful/ssf df}lns tyf k|fs[lts clwsf/ x'g . tL clwsf/ /fHon] ljgfzt{
pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
Ì k|sf]khGo ;+s6 k|fs[lts 36gf dfq geP/ dfgjLo cfr/0f, Jojxf/, cEof; /
k/Dk/fut ;+:s[ltdf k|efj kfg]{ tTj klg xf] . ct k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf ;d]t dfgjLo
;jf]Rrtf k|dv x'g] ePsfn] ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ 3f]if0ffkq cg'?k k|sf]k k|efljtx?sf]
{ '
;DDffgk"j{s afRg kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 .

18. Kf|sf]k k|efljt JolQm jf ;d'bfosf] clwsf/
Ì ul/aLleq k|sf]khGo hf]lvd x'g] x'+bf ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ clwsf/d'vL
cjwf/0ffcGtu{t sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; x'g'kb{5 .
Ì k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf k|sf]k k"jtof/L :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf tyf :yfgLo hf]lvdsf]
{
Go"gLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .
Ì x/]s k|efljt JolQmn] cfkm" ;'/lIft 5' eGg] ljZjf; lng] jftfj/0f agfpg'kb{5 .
Ì :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf] ljsf; of]hgfx?n] k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] dxTjnfO{ a'emL
gful/sx?sf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/ k|Tofe't u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
Ì Kf|sf]k k"j{tof/L ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/ xf] . To;}n] ;d'bfo:t/ af6}
k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng u/]df k|sf]ksf] hf]lvdaf6 af+Rg / arfpg
;lsG5 .

19. zLif{s k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] k|sf]k cfpg'eGbf cufl8,
k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf / k|sf]k kZrft v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsfsf] af/]df :ki6 hfgsf/L xfl;n
ug]{5g .
;do ^ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, ANofs af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k cflb .
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì xefuLx?nfO{ k|sf]k cfpg'eGbf cufl8, k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf / k|sf]k kZrft v]Ng'kg]{
e"ldsfsf] af/]df # z];gdf lrqsf] dfWodaf6 5nkmn ug]{ .
Ì xft]k'l:tsfsf] n]lvPsf a'+bfx?nfO{ qmdz 5nkmn u/fpg] .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì k|To]s z];gsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"dsf af/]df k|i6 ePsf]
;'lglZrt ug]{ .

20. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf
k|sf]ksf] 36gf 36g'eGbf cufl8
Ì ;d'bfosf] k|sf]ksf] vt/f, ;+s6fled'vtf tyf Ifdtfx?sf] ;xefuLd"ns 9+un] klxrfg
tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
Ì ;d'bfo:t/Lo k|sf]k r]tgfhfu/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
Ì kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfo:t/df vfBfGg, cf}ifwL, :jR5 kfgL tyf p4f/ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] aGbf]a:t
ug]{ .
Ì vf]h tyf p4f/ ;DaGwL k"jf{Eof; ug]{ .
Ì :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] kl/rfng u/L ;;fgf Go"gLs/0fsf ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .
Ì :yfgLo:t/df k|sf]k k"j{tof/L tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f of]hgf th{'df ug]{ .

22. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf====
k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf
Ì ;Defljt k|sf]ksf] af/]df k'j{ ;"rgf / ePsf] a]nfdf cfjZos;"rgf lg/Gt/ lbg] .
Ì k|sf]ksf] ;dodf ul/g] p4f/, /fxt tyf k|fylds pkrf/ sfo{x?sf nflu :jo+;jsx?sf]
]
sfo{bn Kfl/rfng ug]{ .
Ì Kf|sf]kdf k/]sf JolQmx?nfO{ tTsfn vf]h tyf p4f/ u/L ;'/lIft :yndf n}hfg] .
Ì k|sf]kaf6 ePsf] wghgsf] Ifltsf] tYofs+ ;+sng ug]{ .
Ì Kf|sf]k k|efljt JolQmx?nfO{ dfgl;s / ;fdflhs ljifodf ;fGTjgf, ;Nnfx jf k/fdz{
lbg] .
Ì ;/sf/L tyf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfo;+usf] ;dGjodf sfd ug]{ .

24. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf
k|sf]kkl5 ug{'kg]{ e"ldsf
Ì k|sf]k k|efljt JolQm jf ;d'bfonfO{ klxNo} s} cj:yfdf Nofpg k'g:yfkgf ;DaGwL
sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ .
Ì k|sf]kaf6 Ifltu|:t ePsf ef}lts ;+/rgfx?nfO{ lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox?;+u
cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
Ì >f]t kl/rfng, n]vf Joj:yfkg tyf lqmofsnfkx?sf] kf/blz{tf sfod ug]{ .

25. zLif{s k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ug’{kg]{ ljleGg lqmofsnfkx?sf
af/]df :ki6 hfgsf/L xfl;n ug]{5g .
;do $ 306f
ljlw ;xefuLd"ns ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, ANofs af]8{, rs cflb .
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsfsf] cfwf/df ug{'kg]{ lqmofsnfkx? s]
x'g ;S5g eg]/ 5nkmn ug{ nufpg] .
Ì xft]kl' :tsfsf] n]lvPsf d’Vo lqmofsnfk, lgoldt lqmofsnfk, ljz]if lqmofsnfk cltl/Qm
lqmofsnfk / cfsl:ds lqmofsnfksf a'+bfx?nfO{ qmdz 5nkmn u/fpg] .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì k|To]s z];gsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? Kf|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx? af/]df k|i6
ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

26. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?
Df'Vo lqmofsnfkx?
Ì k|sf]ksf] 36gf x'g' cl3, k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf / k|sf]k kZrft ug'{kg]{ ;DKf"0f{ sfo{x? ug]{ .
Ì ;d'bfonfO{ k|sf]ksf] af/]df ;hu / ;';rLt u/fO{ kl/jf/:t/Lo k|sf]k k"jtof/L of]hgf
" {
tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u k'/ofpg] .
Ì ;fd'bflos tj/df k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx? Tfo u/L sfof{Gjog
ug]{ .
Ì k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / cGo ljsf; lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;dGjo u/]/ n}hfg] .
Ì k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf ;ldlt tyf ljleGg sfo{bnx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug{ tof/L cj:yfdf
/fVg] .
Ì k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL sf]if ;+sng, j[l4 tyf kl/rfng ug]{ .

27. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?
lgoldt lqmofsnfkx?
Ì dfl;s lgoldt ?kdf a}7s a:g] .
Ì pk;ldlt jf sfo{bnx?;+u 4}dfl;s?kdf ;+o'Qm a}7s cfof]hgf ug]{ .
Ì k|sf]k ;r]tgf s]Gb|x?sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{ .
Ì lgoldt ?kdf sf]if ;+sng, j[l4 / kl/rfng ug]{ .
Ì uflj;, lhlj; tyf cGo lgsfox?sf kl/of]hgfx?df ;xsfo{ tyf ;dGjo ug]{ .
Ì ;+s6fled'v gSzf nufotsf ;xefuLd"ns ;+s6fled'v ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|To]s
^ dlxgfdf cWofjlws ug]{ .
Ì p4f/ tyf /fxt ;fdfu|Lsf] aGbf]j:t tyf /]vb]v ug]{ .

28. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?
cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx?
Ì e"sDkLo ;'/Iff lbj; cfof]hgf jf ;xefuL .
Ì ljZj jftfj/0f lbj; cfof]hgf jf ;xefuL .
Ì cGt{/fli6«o k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lbj; cfof]hgf jf ;xefuL .
Ì ljBfno ;'/Iff cEof;sf nflu kxn .
Ì k|sf]k r]tgf ;DaGwL Kf|bz{gL .
Ì ;d'bfo:t/df vf]h tyf p4f/ / /fxt ;DaGwL gd"gf cEof; .

30. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?
ljz]if lqmofsnfkx?
Ì ;DalGwt lgsfo;+u ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt of]hgfx?sf] dfu u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
Ì lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{g lqmofsnfkx? Klxrfg u/L k|j4{g ug]{ .
Ì Hfnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kf/]sf gsf/fTds k|efjaf6 cg'sng x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
"
ug]{ .
Ì ;d'bfosf] k|sf]k k"j{ ;"rgf tyf k|sf]k Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] vf]hL
ug]{ .

31. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf lqmofsnfkx?
cfsl:ds lqmofsnfkx?
Ì k|sf]k k/]sf :yfgx?df p4f/ 6f]nL kl/rfng ug]{ .
Ì gub, vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, bfp/f nufotsf /fxt ;+sng sfo{ u/L ljt/0fsf nflu
cfjZos k|aGw ug]{ .
Ì k|sf]k kLl8tx?nfO{ cfjZos dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{ .

32. zLif{s k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g k|lqmof
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{ k|lqmofsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
k|fKt ug]{5g .
;do @ 306f
ljlw AofVofg ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]k'l:tsf, Go"h lk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ xft] k'l:tsfsf] cg';f/ ;ldlt u7g k|lqmof af/] k|i6 u/fpg] .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? ;ldlt u6g k|lqmof af/]df k|i6 ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

33. Kf|sf]k JoJf:yfkg ;ldlt u7g k|lqmof
Ì k|sf]k k|efljt ;d'bfodf k|sf]k ;r]tgf s]Gb|x? u7g tyf ;~rfng ug]{ .
Ì lglZrt If]qleqsf l/kmn]S6 s]Gb|, / ljleGg ;d"xx?aLr e]nfu/L k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] cfjZostf / e"ldsf af/] 5nkmn ug]{ .
Ì If]qut, hflto, ln·, pd]/ ;d"x cflbsf] k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
Ì ;ldltdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj sDtLdf %) k|ltzt x'g'kg]{ .
Ì Jf[4j[4f, ckf·tf ePsf JolQm / afnaflnsfsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt x'g'kg]{ .
Ì cfjZostf cg';f/ & b]lv !# ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
Ì ;ldltsf] kbfjlw lglZrt ul/g'kg]{ .

34. zLif{s k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;b:o aGGfsf] nflu of]Uotf
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ug]{ k|lqmofsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
k|fKt ug]{5g .
;do @ 306f
ljlw AofVofg ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]kl:tsf, Anofs af]8{, rs cflb .
'
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;ldlt ;b:ox? s:tf] x'g'knf{ eGg] ljifodf dlitis dGyg u/L Anofs
af]8{df l6kf]6 ug]{ .
Ì xft]k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]t :ki6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;b:o aGg] of]Uotfsf] af/]df
yfxf ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

35. k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;b:o aGgsf] nflu of]Uotf
Ì Gf]t[Tj tyf ;+u7g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf]
Ì k|sf]kaf6 jf:tljs?kdf k|efljt JolQm
Ì ;d'bfon] ljZjf; u/]sf] JolQm
Ì c;n rl/q ePsf]
Ì :jo+;]jL efjgf ePsf]
Ì /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj tx jf d'Vo kbdf g/x]sf]
Ì n]vk9 tyf x/lx;fa /fVg;Sg] eP /fd|f]

36. zLif{s k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?
p2]Zo o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ljz]if?kdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?sf]
af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{5g .
;do @ 306f
ljlw AofVofg ljlw
;fdfu|L xft]kl:tsf cflb .
'
;xhLs/0f k|lqmof
Ì ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?sf] af/]df xft]k’l:tsf
adf]lhd AofVof u/L :ki6 kfg]{ .
;xhstf{nfO{ ;'emfj
Ì 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? ljifoj:t'df k|i6 ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

37. k|sf]k JoJf:yfkg ;ldltn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?
Ì s'g} klg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd ;kmn x'gdf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] dfq ;+nUgtf
'
geO{ ;Dk"0f{ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf x'g'kb{5 .
Ì ;ldltdf cfwfl/t sfo{qmd geO{ ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t sfo{qmd x'g'kb{5 .
Ì ;d'bfosf k|To]s JolQmx?n] k|sf]k k"j{tof/Lsf] dxTj tyf cfjZostfaf/] hfgsf/L
x'g'kb{5 .
Ì ;ldltsf] sf]if j[l4 / ;b'kof]usf nflu ;b}j kxn ug'{kb{5 .
Ì ;ldltsf] a}7s lglZrt lbg, ;do / :yfgdf lgoldt ?kdf ug'{kb{5 .