a brief explation on nano technology

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Presented by:
K.Sanjeeva Dinesh
&
K.Irfan
3rd ECE-KSRM COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING

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CONTENTS
 Definition
 Histroy
 Current and future trends
 Applications
 Summary
 References

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Definition
 “Nanotechnology is the understanding
and control of matter at dimensions of
roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where
unique phenomena enable novel
applications.”

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Scale of nano

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HISTROY
The concepts of nanotechnology are not new
to nature or to mankind. An early example of
a manmade nanoprocess is stained glass.
Birth of Nanotechnology
• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science
University used the word “nanotechnology”
to describe the science and technology of
processing or building parts with nanometric
tolerances.
•A nanometer is a unit of length in the metric
system, equal to one billionth of a meter.

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Dr. Richard P. Feynman
• “Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes
of the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a
pin?”
•Dr. Richard Feynman, one of America’s most
notable physicists, 1918-1988.

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 Fullerenes
 Carbon 60 was named after Richard
Buckminster Fuller, who went by the
nickname “Bucky.”

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Current trends
 Nano materials
 Bottom-up approaches
 Top-down approaches
 Biomimetic approaches

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Nano materials
 The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study materials having
unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions.[29]
 Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in
nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various
nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to
nanoionics and nanoelectronics.
 Nanoscale materials can also be used for bulk applications; most present commercial
applications of nanotechnology are of this flavor.
 Progress has been made in using these materials for medical applications; see
Nanomedicine.
 Nanoscale materials such as nanopillars are sometimes used in solar cells which
combats the cost of traditional Silicon solar cells.
 Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles to be used in the
next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and
biological imaging; see quantum dots.

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Bottom-up approaches
 Bottom-up approachesThese seek to arrange smaller components into more complex
assemblies.
 DNA nanotechnology utilizes the specificity of Watson–Crick basepairing to construct
well-defined structures out of DNA and other nucleic acids.
 Approaches from the field of "classical" chemical synthesis (inorganic and organic
synthesis) also aim at designing molecules with well-defined shape (e.g. bis-
peptides[30]).
 More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of supramolecular
chemistry, and molecular recognition in particular, to cause single-molecule components
to automatically arrange themselves into some useful conformation.
 Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a
chemical upon a surface in a desired pattern in a process called dip pen nanolithography.
This technique fits into the larger subfield of nanolithography.

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Top-down approaches
 These seek to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their assembly.
 Many technologies that descended from conventional solid-state silicon methods for
fabricating microprocessors are now capable of creating features smaller than 100 nm,
falling under the definition of nanotechnology. Giant magnetoresistance-based hard
drives already on the market fit this description,[31] as do atomic layer deposition
(ALD) techniques. Peter Grünberg and Albert Fert received the Nobel Prize in Physics
in 2007 for their discovery of Giant magnetoresistance and contributions to the field of
spintronics.
 Solid-state techniques can also be used to create devices known as
nanoelectromechanical systems or NEMS, which are related to microelectromechanical
systems or MEMS.
 Focused ion beams can directly remove material, or even deposit material when
suitable pre-cursor gasses are applied at the same time. For example, this technique is
used routinely to create sub-100 nm sections of material for analysis in Transmission
electron microscopy.
 Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nanoscale "write head" to deposit a
resist, which is then followed by an etching process to remove material in a top-down

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Biomimetic approaches or
biomimicry
 Biomimicry seeks to apply biological methods and
systems found in nature, to the study and design
of engineering systems and modern technology.
Biomineralization is one example of the systems
studied.
 Bionanotechnology is the use of biomolecules for
applications in nanotechnology, including use of
viruses and lipid assemblies.
 Nanocellulose is a potential bulk-scale application.

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Future trends
 Nanotech enterprises will provide the ultimate convergence of computers,
networks, and biotech, and create products never before even imagined.
 Nano-devices-invisible, intelligent, and powerful-will be used in every
industry redefining the limits of what’s possible.
 Nanotech food compilers will create on-demand, low-cost, quality meals by
assembling atoms into food.
 Smaller than the head of a pin, surgical nanobots will operate from within
the human body.
 Nano-biology will prolong life, prevent illness, and increase people’s health.
 Nano-enhanced humans will have physical, intellectual, and sensing powers
superior to other humans.
 Nanotech will provide a cheap and available source of energy.
 Nano-factories will build on-demand products in an inexpensive, flexible,
and rapid process.
 Nanotech will revolutionize the global economy, providing Power Tools that
will produce high-tech products with low-cost and low-tech resources.
 Nanotech will create new choices that will alter human evolution, raise
dramatic ethical issues, and challenge social norms.

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APPLICATIONS
Nanoporous oxide films such as TiO2 are being used to enhance photo
voltaic cell technology. Nanoparticles are perfect to absorb solar energy
and they can be used in very thin layers on conventional metals to
absorb incident solar energy. New solar cells are based on
nanoparticles of semi conductors, nanofilms and nanotubes by
embedding in a charge transfer medium. Films formed by sintering of
nanometric particles of TiO2 (diameter 10-20 nm) combine high
surface area, transparency, excellent stability and good electrical
conductivity and are ideal for photovoltaic applications. Non porous
oxide films are highly promising material for photovoltaic applications.
Nanotechnology opens the opportunity to produce cheaper and
friendlier solar cells.
Solar Cells

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 Nanotechnology offers unlimited opportunities to
produce new generation pressure, chemical, magneto
resistive and anti-collision automobile sensors. Many of
the novel applications such as new sensors, better
photovoltaic cells, lighter and strong materials for
defense, aerospace and automotives are already in use,
and applications such as anti-corrosion coating, tougher
and harder cutting tools, and medical implants and chips
with 1 nm features may be developed in another 5-15
years. Nanostructured materials for nanoelectronic
components, ultra fast processors, nanorobots for body
parts are still in the state of infancy.
Sensors

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Applications, Continued
 Ultra Light Materials
 It is used in medical
field to kill cancer cells
by using nanobots
Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention
Nanofibres

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 It is an electric
skin developed by
nano technology
to supress the
diagnosis

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Other major applications in varous
fields
 Nanobots and microbots in medical fields
 Spybots in millitary academies
 Graphene in solar cells
 Smallest FM
 Bullet proof technology
 Super thin memberanes

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SUMMARY
Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and
pervasive. It is an emerging field in
all areas of science, engineering and
technology.

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References
 Wikipedia
 Nano technology blog
 Future trends of nano technology