1. The Evolving Contributions in International Strategic Management Research Presented by: Diana Lim

2. The Author Jane Wenzhen Lu Associate Professor, National University of Singapore Education Qualifications Ph.D., General Management, University of Western Ontario, 2001 MBA, China Europe International Business School, 1996 BA, Economics, Shanghai Foreign Studies University, 1990 Academic and Professional Experience Associate Professor, National University of Singapore, School of Business, 2008 - Assistant Professor, Singapore Management University, 2004 - 2007 Assistant Professor, National University of Singapore, School of Business, 2001 - 2004 Visiting Professor, University of Auckland, March 2003 - May 2003 Visiting Professor, Institute of International Business, Stockholm School of Economics, 2001 Corporate Finance Department Head, RABOBANK, Shanghai, 1997 Consultant, Boston Consulting Group, Shanghai, 1996 Analyst, Department of Business Planning, BMG-Bertelsmann Book AG, London, 1996 Export Manager, Shanghai Animal By-Products I & E Corp., 1990 - 1995

3. The Author Jane Wenzhen Lu Associate Professor, National University of Singapore Honours and Awards Outstanding Reviewer Award for 2006 by the Journal of Business Venturing Haynes Prize for Best Paper Award at the Academy of International Business Conference (2006) Co-authored with Xufei Ma, National University of Singapore Article: Business Group Affiliation as Institutional Linkages: An Integration of Resource-Based View and Institutional Perspective Nominated for Haynes Prize for Best Paper Award at Academy of International Business Conference (2005) UWO International Thesis Award (2000-2001) UWO Doctoral Fellowship (1997-2000) UWO International Graduate Study Scholarship (1997-2001) China Europe International Business School MBA Entrance Scholarship (1995-1996)

4. BACKGROUND Areas in ISM where key contributions have been made Examine leading strategic management and international management journals Investigate topics and evolution of theoretical perspectives Areas in which further work could be conducted Extension of Lohrke and Bruton’s (1997) work

5. Research domain Definition of Strategic Management

6. Research domain Definition of International Management Journal of International Business Studies Management International Review Journal of World Business

7. methodology 1986 – 1995 study by LB Both agreed on 170 of the articles with 77% agreement rate 52 articles where only one author selected 3rd researcher excluded 17 Resulting in 207 134 were for 1991 to 1995 170 52 -17 37 TOTAL: 207 134

8. methodology 1996 – 2000 2 scholars reviewed the 9 journals 192 with 66% agreement rate 3rd scholar suggested 14 of the 192 did not meet criteria 3rd scholar 99 other articles that only one of the initial 2 considered relevant, 18 excluded 192 -14 178 99 -18 81 259

9. RESULTS Environment Leadership and Organization Strategy Performance

10. results Environment General industry or environment Environmental uncertainty Forces behind firm’s success in a given location Forces influencing firm’s decision to invest in a given location Cultural environment Dimensions of culture relevant to internal operations Cultural variance’s influence on strategy and performance Political risk Political variance greater crossnationally than subnationally So far there has been more theory development than theory testing

11. results Leadership and Organization Internal coordination Challenges in managing foreign subsidiaries (control and coordination) Knowledge flows in the organization Need for internal coordination Board of directors (profile and effectiveness) Decision making (effectiveness of planning) Structure (performance implications of different organizational structures)

12. results Strategy Enterprise strategy (social responsibility, stakeholder analysis) Corporate strategy (diversification, vertical integration, mergers and acquisitions, internal venturing) Business strategy Cost, differentiation, focus product, market selection Turn-around strategy (firms under financial trouble) Emerging research is on the timing of international diversification

13. results Performance Comparative performance between US firms and other countries Few articles exist, ISM studies have not yet examined this topic closely A review of the other three categories shows that performance frequently emerges as key dependent variables in studies concerned with corporate strategy, business strategy, leadership, organizational, and environmental issues.

14. Theoretical perspectives Transaction Cost Theory Internalization Theory Institutional Theory Organizational Learning/Knowledge Management (OL/KM) Resource-based view (RBV) Procedural justice theory Strategic option theory Network theory Shift from economic theories to multidisciplinary approaches

15. outlets JIBS & MIR have been receptive outlets of ISM research Mainstream strategic management journals, SMJ, have become more readily acceptable outlets for publication

16. Author and school affiliations Total of 517 authors affiliated with 238 institutions