2. CONTENTS
โข Introduction
โข Evolution of Industry 4.0
โข Industry 4.0 โ Enabling Technologies
โข Design Principles & Building Blocks
โข Industry 4.0- Examples
3. INTRODUCTION
โข Industry 4.0 represents the current trend of automation technologies in the
manufacturing industry
โข Includes enabling technologies such as the cyber physical systems (CPS),
Internet of Things (IoT) & cloud computing
โข Represents the technological evolution from embedded systems to cyber-
physical systems
โข Need of industry 4.0 is to convert the regular machines to self-aware & self-
learning machines to improve their overall performance & maintenance
management with the surrounding interaction
6. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โIoTโ
โข When IoT emerged, it was referred to uniquely identifiable
interoperable connected objects using radio-frequency identification
(RFID) technology
โข Connecting RFID reader to the Internet, the readers can automatically
& uniquely identify & track the objects attached with tags in real-time
โข Later on, the IoT technology was used with other technologies, such
as sensors, actuators, the Global Positioning System (GPS) & mobile
devices that are operated via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks or
near field communication (NFC)
7. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โIoTโ
โข IoT is:
โข a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based
on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and
virtual โThingsโ have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and
use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information
network.
8. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โIoTโ
IoT related technologies made a significant impact on new ICT and paved the
way for the realization of Industry 4.0
9. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โCLOUD COMPUTINGโ
โข Computing technology which offers high performance at low cost
โข Virtualization technology provides cloud computing with resource
sharing, dynamic allocation, flexible extension & numerous other
advantages
โข Large volume of data can be uploaded to a cloud computing center for
storage & computation, which facilitates manufacturing & production
โข Cloud-based manufacturing is a rising technology which can
contribute significantly to the realization of Industry 4.0 that enables
modularization & service-orientation in the context of manufacturing
10. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โCLOUD COMPUTINGโ
โข Manufacturing enterprises require multiple computing resources such
as servers for databases & decision-making units
โข Cloud computing provides an effective solution to such problems
โข All data can be stored in private or public cloud servers.
โข In this way, complex decision-making tasks can be supported by cloud
computing
11. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โCYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (CPS)โ
โข CPS is the core foundation of Industry 4.0
โข With the increased connectivity & use of standard communications
protocols that come with Industry 4.0, the need to protect critical
industrial systems & manufacturing lines from cyber security threats
increases dramatically
โข The term CPS has been defined as the systems in which natural &
human made systems (physical space) are tightly integrated with
computation, communication and control systems (cyber space)
12. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โCYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (CPS)โ
โข CPSs comprise smart machines, storage systems and production facilities
capable of autonomously exchanging information, triggering actions and
controlling each other independently
โข CPS facilitates fundamental improvements to the industrial processes
involved in manufacturing, engineering, material usage and supply chain
and life cycle management
โข Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency,
safety, security & usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems
of today
13. EXAMPLE: AUTOMOTIVE TELEMATICS
โข In 2005, 30 โ 90 processors per car
Engine control, Break system, Airbag deployment system
Windshield wiper, Door locks, Entertainment system
โข Cars are sensors and actuators in V2V networks
Active networked safety alerts
Autonomous navigation
โข Future Transportation Systems
Incorporate both single person and mass transportation vehicles, air and ground transportations.
Achieve efficiency, safety, stability using real-time control and optimization.
14. EXAMPLE: HEALTH CARE AND
MEDICINE
โข National Health Information Network,
Electronic Patient Record
โข Home care: monitoring and control
Pulse oximeters, blood glucose monitors, infusion
pumps, accelerometers, โฆ
โข Operating Room of the Future
Closed loop monitoring and control; multiple treatment
stations, plug and play devices; robotic microsurgery
System coordination challenge
โข Progress in bioinformatics: gene, protein
expression, systems biology, disease
dynamics, control mechanisms
15. EXAMPLE: ELECTRIC POWER GRID
โข Current picture:
Equipment protection devices trip locally, reactively
Cascading failure
โข Better future?
Real-time cooperative control of protection devices
Self-healing, aggregate islands of stable bulk power
Coordinate distributed and dynamically interacting partcipants
Issue: standard operational control concerns exhibit wide-area characteristics
(bulk power stability and quality, flow control, fault isolation)
16. INDUSTRY 4.0: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
โ โCYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (CPS)โ
Cyber Physical
System
17.
18. DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRY 4.0
โข INTEROPERABILITY
โข The ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and
communicate with each other via the Internet of Things (IoT) or the Internet of
People (IoP)
โข INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY
โข The transparency afforded by Industry 4.0 technology provides operators with
vast amounts of useful information needed to make appropriate decisions
19. DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRY 4.0
โข TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
โข Concerns the ability of the systems to support humans through comprehensive
aggregation & visualization of information for better decision-making and quick
solutions to problems
โข Focuses on the ability of cyber-enabled systems to physically support human
resources by handling various tasks, which are considered time-consuming,
harmful & exhausting to people
20. DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRY 4.0
โข DECENTRALIZED DECISIONS
โข Refers to the ability of cyber-enabled systems to independently come up with
decisions and carry out their dedicated functions
โข Only in the case of exceptions, interferences or conflicting goals, the tasks are
delegated to a higher level
โข REAL-TIME CAPABILITY
โข Industry 4.0 efforts are centered towards making everything real-time: the
gathering or collecting of data in each step of the process & even the feedback
and monitoring stage
21. DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRY 4.0
โข MODULARITY
โข Flexibility is also another design principle of Industry 4.0, so that Smart
Factories can easily adapt to changing circumstances & requirements
โข The individual models must be designed in such a way that they can be
replaced, expanded, or improved on
24. BUILDING BLOCKS
โข Autonomous Robots
โข Robots will eventually interact with one another and work safely side by side
with humans and learn from them
โข These robots will cost less and have a greater range of capabilities than those
used in manufacturing today
โข Simulation
โข Simulations will be used more extensively in plant operations to leverage real-
time data and mirror the physical world in a virtual model
โข will allow operators to test and optimize the machine settings for the next
product in line in the virtual world before the physical changeover, thereby
driving down machine setup times and increasing quality
25. BUILDING BLOCKS
โข Horizontal & Vertical Integration
โข With Industry 4.0, companies, departments, functions, and capabilities will
become much more cohesive, as cross-company, universal data-integration
networks evolve and enable truly automated value chains
โข Industrial Internet of Things
โข Industry 4.0 means that more devicesโsometimes including unfinished
productsโwill be enriched with embedded computing
โข This will allow field devices to communicate and interact both with one another
and with more centralized controllers, as necessary
โข It will also decentralize analytics and decision making, enabling real-time
responses.
26. BUILDING BLOCKS
โข Cyber Security
โข With the increased connectivity and use of standard communications protocols that
come with Industry 4.0, the need to protect critical industrial systems and
manufacturing lines from cyber security threats increases dramatically
โข As a result, secure, reliable communications as well as sophisticated identity and
access management of machines and users are essential
โข The Cloud
โข More production-related undertakings will require increased data sharing across
sites and company boundaries
โข At the same time, the performance of cloud technologies will improve, achieving
reaction times of just several milliseconds
โข As a result, machine data and functionality will increasingly be deployed to the
cloud, enabling more data-driven services for production systems
27. BUILDING BLOCKS
โข Additive Manufacturing
โข Companies have just begun to adopt additive manufacturing, such as 3-D
printing, which they use mostly to prototype and produce individual components
โข With Industry 4.0, these additive-manufacturing methods will be widely used to
produce small batches of customized products that offer construction
advantages, such as complex, lightweight designs
โข Augmented Reality
โข Augmented-reality-based systems support a variety of services, such as
selecting parts in a warehouse and sending repair instructions over mobile
devices
โข In future, companies will make much broader use of augmented reality to
provide workers with real-time information to improve decision making and work
procedures
28. BUILDING BLOCKS
โข Big Data & Analytics
โข In an Industry 4.0 context, the collection and comprehensive evaluation of data
from many different sourcesโproduction equipment and systems as well as
enterprise- and customer-management systemsโwill become standard to
support real-time decision making
29. INDUSTRY 4.0- EXAMPLES
โข SIEMENS
โข German manufacturing giant Siemens, an industrial user, is implementing an
Industry 4.0 solution in medical engineering
โข For years, artificial knee and hip joints were standardized products, with
engineers needing several days to customize them for patients
โข Now, new software and steering solutions enable Siemens to produce an
implant within 3 to 4 hours.
30. INDUSTRY 4.0- EXAMPLES
โข TRUMPF
โข German toolmaker Trumpf, an Industry 4.0 supplier and worldwide market
leader of laser systems, has put the first "social machines" to work
โข Each component is "smart" and knows what work has already been carried out
on it
โข Because the production facility already knows its capacity utilization and
communicates with other facilities, production options are automatically
optimized
31. INDUSTRY 4.0- EXAMPLES
โข General Electric (GE)
โข Predix, the operating system for the Industrial Internet, is powering digital
industrial businesses that drive the global economy
โข By connecting industrial equipment, analysing data, and delivering real-time
insights, Predix-based apps are unleashing new levels of performance of both
GE and non-GE assets
33. RESOURCES
1. Saurabh Vaidya, Prashant Ambad, Santosh Bhosle, Industry 4.0 โ A
Glimpse, Procedia Manufacturing, Volume 20, 2018, Pages 233-238, ISSN
2351-9789, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.034
2. Li Da Xu, Eric L. Xu & Ling Li (2018) Industry 4.0: state of the art and
future trends, International Journal of Production Research, 56:8, 2941-
2962, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1444806
3. https://www.cleverism.com/industry-4-0-everything-need-know/
4. https://www.i-scoop.eu/industry-4-0/
5. https://www.bcg.com/en-in/capabilities/operations/embracing-industry-4.0-
rediscovering-growth.aspx