1. CYBER ATTACKS: The Next Frontier

3. “Wars in the 21st century will increasingly require all elements of national power – not just the military. They will require that economic, diplomatic, financial, law enforcement and intelligence capabilities work together.”Ex-President: Mr. APJ Abdul Kalam

5. Terrorist Internet Exploits

8. Imagine Planning for These Contingencies ATM Failures Power Outages Parliament Attack Bridges Down Airliner Crash Mumbai City Oil Refinery Fire Telephone Outages Poisoned Water Supply ISPs All Offline Emergency Assistance (100/101) System Down Unrelated Events or Strategic Attack?

10. Mail distribution network – Anthrax

12. Real World Example – USA 2001 San Francisco FBI Field Office Investigation Internet probes from Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Pakistan Casings of web sites regarding emergency telephone systems, electrical generation and transmissions, water storage and distribution, nuclear power plants and gas facilities Exploring digital systems used to manage these systems

15. Anonymous access to infrastructures via the Internet and SCADA

16. Interdependencies of systems make attack consequences harder to predict and more severe

17. Malicious software is widely available and does not require a high degree of technical skill to use

18. More individuals with malicious intent on Internet

21. Handbook – Internet tools, planning a hit, anti-surveillance methods, “cracking” tools

24. Al-umar- Mujahideen

25. HizbulMujahideen

26. Harkat-ul- Mujahideen

27. Indian Mujahideen

28. Jaish-e-Mahommad

29. Jamat-ul- Mujahideen

32. In the future, cyber terrorism may become a viable option to traditional physical acts of violence due to:Perceived anonymity Diverse targets Low risk of detection Low risk of personnel injury Low investment Operate from nearly any location Few resources are needed

34. Cyber Facilitated Terrorism

38. Hacktivism Hacktivism is hacking with a cause and is concerned with influencing opinions on a specific issue. Example:ELF hacks into the web page of a local ski resort and defaces the web page. This is done to reflect the groups objections to environmental issues.

39. Smithsonian Mental Institution Hacktivism Electronic Disturbance Theater

42. Web sites also contain information necessary to construct weapons, obtain false identification

43. Use Internet as a communications tool via chat rooms, BBS, email

45. KamelDaoudi – Believed to be Al-Qaeda Cyber Terrorist. Arrested for alleged involvement in plot to bomb American Embassy in Paris

46. Cyberterrorism Cyberterrorism is a criminal act perpetrated by the use of computers and telecommunications capabilities, resulting in violence, destruction and/or disruption of services to create fear by causing confusion and uncertainty within a given population, with the goal of influencing a government or population to conform to a particular political, social, or ideological agenda.

47. THE CYBERTERRORIST THREAT Assessing the Threat Behavioral Profile Technical Feasibility THREAT Operational Practicality

48. Availability of Capability Precision Guided Munitions Cruise Missile Invasion Computer Strategic Nuclear Weapons Missiles ICBM & SLBM Cost & Means of Attack Cost of Capability 1955 1960 1970 1975 1985 1945 Today

49. Tactics and Strategy Prevention and cooperation

51. Recruitment of engineers and computer scientists – critical skills

52. Increasing agents dedicated to cyber crime

54. Critical Infrastructure Companies, i.e. FBI InfraGard

55. Internet Service Providers

56. Universities

57. Internet Cafes

58. Hacker clubs

59. IT companies, developers

60. International, local law enforcement

61. Look – on the Internet

63. Therefore, there exists a “target rich environment” for those who would do harm via the Internet