The document discusses factors that impact family health in rural Indian communities. It notes that 80% of the Indian population lives in rural areas that often lack education, health services, adequate housing and infrastructure. As a result, many families suffer from malnutrition, poor socioeconomic status, and inability to meet basic needs. Common health issues include malnutrition, diseases from unsafe water/lack of sanitation, unhealthy living conditions, and substance abuse. Poverty is identified as a major underlying cause of illness, as the poor cannot afford adequate nutrition or medical care.
2. Indian population 80% live in rural areas
Lack of education & primary health care
services
Poor resources- Housing ,water , electricity
Unable to meet basic needs
Poor socio economic status
Malnutrition
Volunteers play vital role
4. People usually associate health with illness,
doctor, and medicines.
5. Actually good health does not simply mean
the absence of disease, but is related to
good physical, mental ,economical , social
and spiritual wellbeing
A Healthy Family
6. Adequate food (nutrition)
Safe drinking water, sanitation, and housing
Clean environment, healthy living conditions and
health lifestyle
Access to better health services
Education
Social security measures and proper and equal
wages
Freedom from exploitation and discrimination
Women’s rights
Protected work environment
Relaxation, recreation and healthy relationships
7. Malnutrition
Unsafe water and lack of sanitation
Unhealthy living conditions
Unhealthy habits-alcohol/drug abuse
Hard labour and difficult work conditions
Mental tension
Patriarchy
Lack of access to health services
Lack of health education
8. Malnourished people fall ill very easily because
they have reduced capacity to keep themselves
free from diseases. That’s why they fall ill very
easily and stay ill for a long time.
Diseases like diarrhea, measles, malaria and
pneumonia are often the cause for death of
malnourished people.
Around 50% of our population is very poor and
they have to deal with a lot of difficult
circumstances in their lives.
Girls and women are often seen to be more
malnourished
9. Biggest reason for ill health is malnutrition
Hunger is the main cause of malnutrition (lack of
awareness is relatively a smaller problem)
Poverty is the reason for hunger (availability of food is not the
problem, the problem is that the poor do not have money to buy
enough food)
Malnutrition causes illness again and again
Falling ill repeatedly leads to malnutrition
Expenses on treatment further leads to poverty and more
malnutrition
Leading to more disease…more malnutrition
This continuous process leads to ill health
10. Monitoring growth by checking height ,weight and mid-arm
circumference with growth chart(below 50th%)are considered
sick or malnourished children, in need of prompt medical
attention, they are referred to the Primary Health Centre or
its sub-centre.
Supplementary nutrition
Each child up to 6 years of age to get 300 calories and 8-10 grams of
protein
Each malnourished child to get 600 calories and 16-20 grams of protein
Each adolescent girl to get 500 calories and 20-25grams of protein
Each pregnant women and lactating mother to get 500 calories and 20-
25 gms of protein
11. Unsafe water is cause of many diseases.
The lack of sanitation leads to contaminated and unsafe
drinking water
In both villages and cities, the non-availability of safe
drinking water facilities for all residents also leads to more
diseases
Diarrhea, cholera, jaundice, typhoid spread due to unsafe
drinking water
Malaria, dengue Filaria, encephalitis
spread due to mosquitoes breeding in
stagnant water
12. Provision of good water supply alone can not free the
community from water born diseases
Recognize the need for Safe water by boiling water
Storing of water safely is must for health
Keep water supply clean and safe by practicing good health
habits
Good health habits include cleaning hands while handling
water
Do not contaminate public water supply by washing vessels
, clothes, bathing etc
13. In home, water need to be handled carefully by using
utensils with handles to take water from pots or vessels
Have a check on mixing of Drain water with drinking water
Avoid open field defecation and use latrines
Proper sewage disposal methods
Hand washing with soap after defecation prevent gastro
intestinal disorders
14. Crowded living spaces, damp rooms, smoke and dust filled
environment, all these give rise to respiratory problems
and lead to diseases like Tuberculosis.
15. Two living rooms and veranda space should be provided for
a house
Built up area should not exceed one third of the total area
Separate kitchen with washing and storage facility
Windows and doors should be provided
A sanitary well should be accessible with in quarter of a
mile from the house
Cattle shed should be at least 25 feet away from the house
16. Facility for waste water and garbage disposal
Avoid stagnation of water during rainy season in and
around the house
Gambusia fish can be reared in the ditches to avoid growth
of insects
Spray insecticides in the premises, rat holes, Godowns and
store houses
Nets , mesh for doors and windows
repellents can be used to control flies
Good housing , good environment and good sanitation are
needed to have good health
17. Unhealthy habits related to life style like alcoholism and
use of other intoxicants, drugs and norcotic substances are
also a major cause of bad health in many families. They
also lead to social problems at the family and community
level and health problems
18. a lifestyle where a person engages in activities that are known to be
detrimental to one's health, such as smoking, not exercising regularly
or enough, eating unhealthy foods on a regular basis, and not
maintaining a healthy weight. An unhealthy lifestyle can vary by
degrees, and some may determine that being slightly unhealthy is
acceptable for the sake of quality of life
Alzheimer's disease, Arthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma, cancer,
chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, metabolic syndrome,
chronic renal failure, osteoporosis, stroke, depression and obesity
are the diseases caused out of un healthy life style
19. Alcoholics ,drug abusers and smokers should admit they
are in problem
Person should be honest with himself and with others
Family friends and others need to support
People who are previous victims are best helpers
Parents ,teachers and health workers should set good
example
Mass media should propagate the dangers caused by them
and their hazards
20. Dietary modifications
Reduction of fat intake to 20-30% of total energy intake
Consumption of saturated fats must be limited less than 10%
Reduction of dietary cholesterol to below 100 mg per 1000kcal
per day
An increase in complex carbohydrates consumption( vegetables
,fruits , whole grains and legumes)
Avoid alcohol consumption , reduction of salt intake 5gm daily
21. Physical activity
Regular physical activity should be part of normal daily life
At least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity controls blood
pressure ,control glucose in blood , build and maintain healthy
bones ,muscles and joints , promote psychological wellbeing ,
controls weight
Health check ups
Monitor blood glucose levels
Monitor blood sugar levels
Check weight regularly
Regular follow ups
Adherence to treatment
Mammogram
Pap smear test
Breast self examination
22. Having to do hard labour e.g. pulling cycle-rickshaws
Working for long hours
Conditions of work; increase the possibilities for disease and
illness. For example: working unprotected in stone quarries
leads to severe respiratory problems, spraying pesticides
without protection
Unsafe equipment and work tools
23. Regular health check ups – annually
Immunizations during epidemics; Inj.TT for injury
Provision of adequate self protecting devices and tools
Leisure in between work periods -coffee break, lunch
break
Educating on child rearing practices , provision of safe
environment
Rehabilitation of the ill and injured
Reduce absenteeism by providing adequate health as
priority
24. When we compare men and women, we find that more
women fall ill than men.
The core reason for this is patriarchy. It means that our
society is dominated by men and accords a lower status to
women. This causes ill-health for women in the following
ways:
-In the family, women eat last and also get lesser quantities
of food to eat
-Women have to bear the burden of work both
in the home and outside
25. -Women have lesser access to health services
-Women are giving lesser opportunities for education
-Women are taught to feel ashamed about their bodies
-Women are taught to tolerate everything in silence
-Women are made to give the least importance to their
health
-They are subjected to violence, abuse and harassment
-They also face the constant fear that men can leave them or
kick them out of the house
-Females are subjected to female feticide, girl infanticide,
and dowry death
26. Enlighten on Gender equity
Women empowerment
Women education
Women rights
27. Many times the negative circumstances of life become too much
to bear and leads to mental stress which is an contributing factor
for most of non communicable diseases like cancer, stroke ,
cardio vascular diseases,Diabetes
Breakdown of society or family, unemployment, social insecurity,
no relaxation, these all are causes of mental tension leading to
mental illness
People fall ill due to mental tension.
Sometimes this also leads to the
extreme step of committing suicide.
28. Live in Safe environment both physically and emotionally
Improve socializing skills among family as well as individual
One should Learn new things through out the life
Having something that keeps you excited and enthusiastic
Being creative in all areas- music, art, poetry, living,
movement etc
Eat healthfully.
Exercise adequately.
Care for your health daily.
Take time for yourself regularly.
Sleep bountifully.
29. Play -Learn to do something new and fun
Know yourself-Be attuned to your thoughts and feelings.
Keep a journal-Recognize when “this just doesn’t seem like I
usually think or act”.
Say “no” sometimes- Don’t overbook your schedule or your life.
Make time for quiet -Turn off the cell phone, TV…
Coping skills to family and individual
Balanced diet , recreation, rest and sleep and mental
happiness is needed for pregnant women to have mental
health
Avoid drugs , alcoholism, toxins and infections during
pregnancy
Recognize warning signs in
How you think,
How you feel,
How you act.
30. – Practice stress management and other self care
strategies throughout life.
– Know when and where to get help.
Get help as soon as you suspect you need it.
Get help from a trained counselor or through a
medical referral.
31. The government is responsible for providing healthcare services
to all people. However, many a time people are not able to
access these services. This may be due to many reasons, for
example:
Health facilities like PHC are non- functional due to lack of
availability/vacant positions of ANMs, doctors, nurses and other
staff.
Overburdening of health facility staff may also limit their
effectiveness in providing care to the patients.
32. Provision of care is also adversely affected in cases where the
staff of health facility lacks initiative or is negligent.
People are unable to avail adequate health services due to
limited availability of diagnostics and medicines in health
centers in some places.
Block and district hospitals sometimes also lack adequate
services
Lack of connectivity, unavailability of transport, geographic
barriers limits the reach of the people to avail health services.
In many places, people have to spend some money from their
own pockets even if they go to Government hospitals
33. The cost of going to private hospitals is even higher. Therefore
many poor people are not able to take treatment from proper
hospitals
34. Health check-ups
Record of weight and height of children at periodical intervals
Watch over milestones
Immunization
General check up for detection of disease
Treatment of diseases like diarrhea, ARI
De worming
Detection of Disability among Children
Providing Treatment for Minor Ailments and first aid
Prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency and anemia
Referral of serious cases
35. Referral Services
During health check-ups and growth monitoring, sick or
malnourished children, in need of prompt medical attention,
are referred to the Primary Health Centre or its sub-centre.
The anganwadi worker has also been oriented to detect
disabilities in young children. She enlists all such cases in a
special register and refers them to the medical officer of the
Primary Health Centre/ Sub-centre
Mother and child health services
Family planning services
36. Immunization
Immunization of pregnant women and infants protects
children from six vaccine preventable diseases-
poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis
and measles.
These are major preventable causes of child mortality,
disability, morbidity and related malnutrition.
Immunization of pregnant women against tetanus also
reduces maternal and neonatal mortality
37. Lack of health awareness due to ignorance
In order to increase the utilization of health services, people
need to be given full information about this, like, what are the
services available, what their importance is and how to utilize
them. Many a times people are not given this information and
this prevents them from utilizing the services.
The lack of participation by the community in health and the
lack of relationship between the community and health staff
result in such problems
38. Physical activity and fitness – exercises minimum 30 min a
day
Nutrition and weight control- balanced diet
Stress reduction-meditation ,yoga , prayer, relaxation
technique
Worker safety and health
Blood pressure and/or cholesterol education and control
Alcohol, smoking and drugs
39. Wash hands with soap in the morning after getting up from
bed , after bowel movement and before eating
Bathe every day , often during hot weather , after working
hard or sweating frequent bathing prevents skin infections
, dandruff , pimples , itching and rashes .sick person and
babies should be bathed daily
Do not allow children to go out with barefoot
Because hook worms enter the body through the soles of the
feet
40. Brush your teeth every morning and every night before
going to bed
Wash your mouth after each meal
Do not eat too many sweets and chocolates
Cut the finger nails often because germs and worm eggs
often hide beneath long finger nails
Change your clothes daily after bath every day
41. Water should be boiled before drinking and stored safely
Do not let flies and other insects land or crawl on food
Do not leave food scraps or dirty dishes lying around as
these attract flies and breed germs
Protect food by keeping covered or In boxes or cabinets
Before eating fruits or vegetables ,wash it well
Do not let children pick up and eat food that has been
dropped.
Eat meet that is cooked well
Do not eat food that is old or smells bad .it may be
poisonous
42. Do not let pigs come in to the house or places where
children play
Do not let dogs lick children or climb up on beds
Avoid open field defecation
Hang or spread sheets and blankets in the sunlight ,if
bedbugs are found pour boiling water on the sheet and
then wash
Do not spit on the floor
When you cough or sneeze cover your mouth with your
hand or cloth
Clean the house every day
Sweep and wash the floor, walls and beneath furniture
Delouse the whole family once in week
43.
44. Health is a state of complete physical ,
mental social ,economical an spiritual
wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity-WHO