Introduction of JUnit5 and TestContainers for Unit Testing

1. JUnit5 & TestContainers
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2. Agenda
• JUnit 5
• TestContainers

3. JUnit 5

4. JUnit 5
• JUnit 5 = JUnit Platform + JUnit Jupiter + JUnit Vintage
• Current version = 5.3.2
• No public modifier needed
• Require Java 8 or higher
• Support in IntelliJ IDEA and Eclipse IDE

5. Setup
testImplementation “org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$jupiter_version”
testRuntimeOnly “org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$jupiter_version”

6. Example import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
@BeforeEach
fun setup() {
facts.clear()
}
@Test
fun `facts must have unique name`() {
facts.put("foo", 1)
facts.put("foo", 2)
facts.size shouldEqual 1
assertEquals(2, facts["foo"] !!)
}

7. Annotations
JUnit 4 JUnit 5
@BeforeClass /
@AfterClass
@BeforeAll / @AfterAll
@Before / @After @BeforeEach/@AfterEach
@Test @Test
@Test(expected=…) Assertions.assertThrows(…) { … }
@Ignore @Disabled
@Nested
@DisplayName

8. @DisplayName("FactMap operation test")
class FactMapTest {
@Nested
@DisplayName("When same key")
inner class MutableFactMap {
@Test
@DisplayName("When insert duplicated key, update old value")
fun `put same item`() {
val o1 = facts.put("foo", 1)
val o2 = facts.put("foo", 2)
assertNull(o1)
assertEquals(1, o2)
}
}
@Test
fun `facts must have unique name`() {
// …
}
}

9. @Nested

10. Assertions
• org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions
• Use of lambdas for lazy evaluation of messages
• Grouping of assertions
• New way to handle exceptions

11. Assertions
@Test
fun `put same item`() {
val o1 = facts.put("foo", 1)
val o2 = facts.put("foo", 2)
assertNull(o1) { "o1 should be null" }
assertEquals(1, o2) { "o2 should be 1" }
}

12. Assertions
assertAll(
Executable { assertNull(o1) { "o1 should be null" } },
Executable { assertEquals(1, o2) { "o2 should be 1" } }
)
assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException::class.java) {
facts.put("", 1)
}
assertTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(200)) {
Thread.sleep(150)
}
assertTimeoutPreemptively(Duration.ofMillis(200)) {
Thread.sleep(150)
}

13. Assumptions
If assumption fails -> test is skipped
@Test
fun `already exists`() {
// facts is empty -> assumeFalse is failed -> skip assertEquals
assumeFalse { facts.isEmpty() }
// Skip tests
assertEquals(2, 1)
}

14. Dynamic Tests
@TestFactory
fun testRules(): Stream<DynamicTest> {
return IntStream.range(1, 3)
.mapToObj { it ->
dynamicTest("test for input=$it") {
assertEquals(it * 2, it + it)
}
}
}
https://www.baeldung.com/junit5-dynamic-tests

15. Conditional Test Execution
• ExecutionCondition as Extension API
• DisabledCondition is simplest example with
@Disabled annotation

16. Conditional Test Execution
• @EnabledOnOS(…)
• @EnabledOnJre(…)
• @EnabledIfSystemProperty(named=“”, matches=“”)
• @EnabledIfEnvironmentalVariable(named=“”,
matches=“”)
• @EnabledIf(“”) - Support for script, EXPERIMENTAL

17. Parameterized Tests
• Experimental feature
• Need “junit-jupiter-params”
• Resources
• JUnit 5 Parameterized Tests: Using Different Input
• JUnit 5 ­ Parameterized Tests

18. Parameterized Tests
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = ["java8", "java9", "java10"])
fun `parameterized test`(param:String) {
param shouldContain "java"
}

19. Parameterized Tests
@ParameterizedTest(name = "[{index}]=> {arguments}")
@ValueSource(strings = ["java8", "java9", "java10"])
fun `parameterized test`(param: String) {
param shouldContain "java"
}

20. Parameterized Tests
• @ValueSource for String, Int, Long, Double)
• @EnumSource(…)
• @MethodSource(“methodName”)
method must return Stream, Iterator or Iterable
• @CsvSource({“foo, bar”, “foo2, bar2”})
• @CsvFileSource(resources=…)
• @ArgumentSource(MyArgProvider.class)

21. Parallel Test Execution
• Resources
• JUnit 5 Parallel Execution
• JUnit 5 Parallel Test Execution

22. Parallel Test Execution
junit.jupiter.testinstance.lifecycle.default = per_class
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = true
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default = concurrent
#junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy = dynamic
#junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.dynamic.factor = 1
#junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy = fixed
#junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.fixed.parallelism = 4
#junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy = custom
#junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.custom.class = ...

23. Parallel Test Execution
• Synchronization for shared resources
• @Execution(CONCURRENT)
• @Execution(SAME_THREAD)
• ResourceLock(value=…, mode=…)
• Value
custom|SYSTEM_PROPERTIES|SYSTEM_OUT|SYSTEM_ERR
• Mode
READ | READ_WRITE
• JUnit 5 Synchronization

24. What else?
• @Tag and filtering in build script
• @RepeatedTest with dynamic placeholder for
@DisplayName
• @TestTemplate/
TestTemplateInvocationContextProvider
• Extension API, extensions registered via @ExtendWith
• Custom Extensions in kotlinx-junit-jupiter

25. TestContainers

26. Introduction
• Java library to launch Docker containers during Tests
• Integration tests against the data access layer
• Integration tests with external dependencies
e.g. message broker, database, cache …
• UI Tests with containerized, Selenium compatible,
Web browsers

27. Introduction
• Current version : 1.10.3
• Requires Docker installation
• Requires Java 8 or higher
• Compatible with JUnit 4 / 5

28. Usecases
• Data access layer integration tests: use a containerized instance of a
MySQL, PostgreSQL or Oracle database to test your data access layer code for
complete compatibility, but without requiring complex setup on developers'
machines and safe in the knowledge that your tests will always start with a
known DB state.Any other database type that can be containerized can also be
used.
• Application integration tests: for running your application in a short-lived
test mode with dependencies, such as databases, message queues or web servers.
• UI/Acceptance tests: use containerized web browsers, compatible with
Selenium, for conducting automated UI tests. Each test can get a fresh instance of
the browser, with no browser state, plugin variations or automated browser
upgrades to worry about.And you get a video recording of each test session, or
just each session where tests failed.

29. JUnit 4
@ClassRule
public static GenericContainer mysql =
new MySQLContainer().withExposedPorts(3306);
@Test
public void getExposedPorts() {
List<Integer> ports = mysql.getExposedPorts();
assertThat(ports).contains(3306);
}

30. JUnit 4 + Kotlin
static {
INSTANCE = createPostgreSQLContainer();
HOST = INSTANCE.getContainerIpAddress();
PORT = INSTANCE.getMappedPort(PostgreSQLContainer.POSTGRESQL_PORT);
JDBC_URL = INSTANCE.getJdbcUrl();
}
public static PostgreSQLContainer createPostgreSQLContainer() {
PostgreSQLContainer container = new PostgreSQLContainer();
container.withLogConsumer(new Slf4jLogConsumer(log));
container.withDatabaseName("test");
container.start();
return container;
}

31. JUnit 5 static GenericContainer mysql =
new MySQLContainer().withExposedPorts(3306);
@BeforeAll
static void setup() {
mysql.start();
}
@AfterAll
static void tearDown() {
mysql.stop();
}
@Test
void getExposedPorts() {
List<Integer> ports = mysql.getExposedPorts();
assertThat(ports).contains(3306);
}

32. Generic Container
• Offers flexible support for any container image as test
dependency
• Reference public docker images
• Internal dockerized services

33. Generic Container
• withExposedPorts(…)
• withEnv(…)
• withLabel(…)
• getContainerIpAddress()
• getMappedPort(…)

34. Generic Container - Kotlin
object RedisContainer : KLogging() {
// For Kotlin language spec
class KGenericContainer(imageName: String) : GenericContainer<KGenericContainer>(imageName)
val instance by lazy { startRedisContainer() }
private fun startRedisContainer() = KGenericContainer("redis:4.0.11").apply {
withExposedPorts(6379)
setWaitStrategy(HostPortWaitStrategy())
withLogConsumer(Slf4jLogConsumer(log))
start()
}
val host: String by lazy { instance.containerIpAddress }
val port: Int by lazy { instance.getMappedPort(6379) }
val url: String by lazy { "redis://$host:$port" }
}

35. Specialized Container
• Create images from Dockerfile
• withFileFromString(…)
• withFileFromClasspath(…)
• Use Dockerfile DSL to define Dockerfiles in code

36. Specialized Container
• Use database container to test database specific
features
• No local setup or VM
• 100% database compatibility instead of H2
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• Oracle XE

37. Future
• TestContainers 2.x
• API cleanup
• Decoupling from JUnit 4 to support other
framework directly

38. Alternatives
• TestNG
• Other JVM languages
• Groovy, Spock, Testcontainers-Spock
• Kotlin, Testcontainers (with workaround)

39. Resources
• JUnit 5
• JUnit 5 Basic
• JUnit 5 : Next step in automated testing
• How to perform a productivee testing using JUnit 5 on Kotlin
• Test Containers
• Test containers Official site
• Docker Test Containers in Java Test
• TestContainers and Spring Boot
• Don’t use In-Memory Database (H2, Congo) for Tests

40. Q&A

41. Thank you!