1.
CRACKING CREATIVITY
De Angela L. Duff
Co-Director, Integrated Digital Media
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2.
Agenda
Define Creativity
Identify Obstacles to Creativity
Discuss Tools & Techniques to Identify New Ideas
Discuss Prototyping
Discuss The Psychology of a Creative Mindset

3.
Recommended Resources
Austin Kleon
Michael Michalko
Edward De Bono
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Steven Pressfield

4.
(Contrary to popular belief)
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CREATIVITY IS NOT
SYNONYMOUS WITH ART

5.
STYLE is being CONFUSED
with CREATIVITY

6.
CREATIVITY means bringing into being
something that was not there before.
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~ Edward de Bono from the book, Serious Creativity

7.
CREATIVITY is any act, idea, or product
that changes an existing domain, or that
transforms an existing domain into a new
one.
from Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi from the book, Creativity
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8.
And the definition of a creative person is:
someone whose thoughts or actions
change a domain, or establish a new
domain.
from Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi from the book, Creativity
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9.
It is important to remember, however,
that a domain cannot be changed
without the explicit or implicit consent of
a field responsible for it.
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from Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi from the book, Creativity
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10.
The Psychology
of a Creative Mindset
PLAY & FLOW
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11.
Improvisation and Practice

12.
FLOW - The state in which people are so
involved in an activity that nothing else
seems to matter; the experience itself is so
enjoyable that people will do it even at
great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it.
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Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi from the book,
Flow: The The Psychology of Optimal Experience

13.
Contrary to what we usually believe,
moments like these, the best moments in
our lives, are not the passive, receptive,
relaxing times—although such experiences
can also be enjoyable, if we have worked
hard to attain them…
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Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi from the book,
Flow: The The Psychology of Optimal Experience
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14.
The best moments usually occur when a
person’s body or mind is stretched to its
limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish
something difficult and worthwhile.
Optimal experience is thus something that
we make happen.”
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Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi from the book,
Flow: The The Psychology of Optimal Experience
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15.
What’s so Funny about Science?
by Sidney Harris (1977)

16.
CREATIVITY requires time, effort,
& focus
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from Edward de Bono from the book, Serious Creativity

17.
If you think you are not creative, you will not be.

18.
Fear, limiting or rational
thoughts, self-deprecation,
negative talk from others (also
known as forms of “Resistance”
coined by Steven Pressfield),
and many others are all
obstacles to creativity.

19.
“Inspiration is for amateurs; the rest of
us just show up and get to work. If you
wait around for the clouds to part and a
bolt of lightning to strike you in the
brain, you are not going to make an
awful lot of work. All the best ideas
come out of the process; they come out
of the work itself.”
~ Chuck Close

20.
Do The Work by Steven Pressfield

21.
CREATIVITY as Style or Expression

22.
“art is theft”
pablo picasso

23.
“Good artists copy; great artists steal.”
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24.
http://everythingisaremix.info by Kirby Ferguson
a four part video series

25.
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
to identify new ideas

26.
BRAINSTORMING

27.
The traditional process of brainstorming
sometimes gives the impression that
deliberate creativity consists of shooting
out a stream of crazy ideas in the hope
that one of them might hit a useful target.
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from Edward de Bono from the book, Serious Creativity

28.
But in almost every other field a scatter-
gun approach to creativity makes no
more sense than having a thousand
monkeys banging away on typewriters in
the hope that one of them might produce
a Shakespeare play.
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from Edward de Bono from the book, Serious Creativity

29.
Individuals working on their own produce
far more ideas and a far wider range of
ideas than when they are working
together in a group.
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from Edward de Bono from the book, Serious Creativity

30.
…individuals are much better at
generating ideas and fresh directions.
Once the idea has been born then a
group may be better able to develop the
idea and take it in more directions than
can the originator.
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from Edward de Bono from the book, Serious Creativity

31.
Brainstorming | Mind Mapping

32.
Mind Mapping by hand is highly recommended
but, if you must go digital, try Freemind (free)
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33.
Other Digital Mind Mapping Tools
http://lifehacker.com/five-best-mind-
mapping-tools-476534555

34.
Brainstorming | The SCAMPER Technique

35.
SCAMPER is a mnemonic that stands for
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Substitute
Combine
Adapt
Modify or Magnify
Put to another use
Eliminate
Reverse

36.
Substitute
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What materials or resources can you substitute to
improve the product or process?
What other product or process could you use?
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Can you use this product or process somewhere else,
or as a substitute for something else?

37.
Combine
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What would happen if you combined this product or
process with another to create something new?
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38.
Adapt
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How could you adapt or readjust this product or
process to serve another purpose or use?
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What other context could you put your product or
process into?
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39.
Modify
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How could you change the shape, look, or feel of
your product or process?
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What could you emphasize or highlight to create
more value?
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What element of this product or process could you
strengthen to create something new?

40.
Put to Another Use
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Can you use this product or process somewhere else,
perhaps in another industry?
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Who else could use this product or process?
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How would this product or process behave differently
in another setting?
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Could you recycle the waste from this product or
process to make something new?

41.
Eliminate
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What features, parts, or rules could you eliminate?
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How could you streamline or simplify this product or
process?
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How could you make it smaller, faster, lighter, or
more fun?

42.
Reverse
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What would happen if you reversed this process or
sequenced things differently? How could you
reorganize this product or process?
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What if you try to do the exact opposite of what
you're trying to do now?
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What roles could you reverse or swap?

43.
Brainstorming | The Card Sorting Technique

44.
Card Sorting
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Use a dark pen or sharpie
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Get four different colors of post-it notes or index cards
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Take pictures of each step along the way. Make sure
the photos are lit well and have good contrast.

45.
Card Sorting
Step 1: PROJECT, PRODUCT or PROCESS CARDS
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Identify 15 projects, products or processes that
are of interest to you. One card per project,
product, or process. All the p cards should be the
same color.

46.
Card Sorting
Step 2: DESCRIPTOR CARDS
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Choose a second color of card and create a set of
descriptor cards for each project, product or
process by listing adjectives or traits of those
projects. Try to extract at least 5 descriptor cards
per p card.

47.
Card Sorting
Step 3: ENABLER CARDS
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Choose a third color of card and create 3 enabler
cards for each p card. The enabler cards are
resources that enable the project to exist -- the
technology, software, environment, or tools that
are needed.

48.
Card Sorting
Step 4: IDEA CARDS
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Make associations between the cards to form new
ideas. Once you have an idea, write it on a new
idea card.
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Play with the idea of contrast, pairing
complementary or opposite things together.
Think about what interests you in the existing p
cards. Look closely at the relationships between
the elements of your newly created ideas.

49.
Card Sorting
Step 5: IDEA LIST
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Make a ranked list of the idea cards.

50.
PROTOTYPING
Making Your Thinking Quickly Visible

51.
Paper Prototyping
Rapidly sketch, layout, and evaluate concepts
Source: http://www.boardofinnovation.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/paperprotoyping.jpg

52.
Quick-and-Dirty Prototyping
Using any materials available (i.e. cardboard), quickly
assemble possible forms or interactions for evaluation.
Source: http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/863.12/people/pip/WK2/wk2.html

53.
Wireframes
A screen blueprint or schematic
Source: http://www.iafactory.fr/wireframes/en/wireframes-en.html

54.
Storyboards
Sketches in sequence to pre-visualize a film or animation
Image by Kyle Cooper
Image by Kyle Cooper

55.
Competitive Analysis
Collect, compare, and conduct
evaluations of competing products
or processes.

56.
OTHER CREATIVITY RESOURCES

57.
The 5 Whys
Ask “Why?” questions in response to
5 consecutive answers.

58.
Wicked Problems by Jon Kolko

59.
el fin!
Thank You!

60.
De ANGELA L. DUFF
Co-Director, Integrated Digital Media
deangela.duff@nyu.edu