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The CITY as equity source
                                                                                                                                                       400 fairs
                                                                                                                                                       Metropoitan Promenade
                                                                            Antofagasta                                                                New Center for Santiago: 2 Million People
                                                                            Copiapo
                                                                                                                New Partnerships
                                                                            Santiago
                                                                                                                Techo para Chile + Billiton Mining Co.
                                                                            Valparaiso                          10.000 units x year
                                                                            Concepcion
Is a Doing Tank that is
                                                                            Temuco
promoting the city as a
                                                                                                                                  2006
                                                                            Valdivia
      source of equity
                                                                                                                                                                   Patents
                                                                                                                                                 Oil
                                                                                                                                             n
                                                                                                                                         lea                       Seismic isolators
                                                  World Competition                                                                  Chi
                                                                                                                                 PEC                               / E-House x Retailers
                                                                                                                               CO
                                                                                                       2005              /
                                                                                                                      13
                                                                                                                   TV

                                       Fondef / Conicyt Funds                                                                   New Projects
                                                                                                              Chile
                                                                                                                   Ba                            Lo Barnechea / Juan Pablo II
                                                                                                                        rrio
                                                                              f
                                                                         Fonde
                                                                                                                                                 San Bernardo
                                                                                                   f
                                                                                                 de
                                                                                             n
                                                                                                                                                 Lo Espejo
                                                                                           Fo
                                                                                                                                                 Renca          1.000 units

                                                              2003
                                                                       Chi
                                                                                             Quinta Monroy, Iquique
                                                                           leB
                                                                               ar   ri o
                                                                                             ChileBarrio.100 units
                                                                  ef
                                                                nd
                                                              Fo




                                       2002
                                                                Identify the Equation
                                                                Harvard / UC
                                                       d
                                                    ar
                                                  rv
                                             Ha
                                        r/
                                    ll e
                               fe
                          ke
                      c
                   Ro
 2000        vid
           Da
          ELEMENTAL begins
What is our point ?
                We already know how to produce coverage = Quantity of units.
                Can we, without reducing quantity, have quality as well ?



                Yes.
                Re-define quality:
                A house is not a car; it should be able to increase it’s value over
                time.
                Social Housing should be seen as an investment, not as a social
                expense.

                In ELEMENTAL we have identified a set of design conditions
                that if followed, improve the chances of a property to gain
                value over time, a of a family to abandon poverty.




                2 million people livng in precarious conditions (15 % of the population)
        chile
                U$ 10 billion of Government Investment in the next 20 years.

latinoamerica   200 milion people livng in precaroius conditions.
                Caracas 40% , Mexico City 60%
                U$ ? Billion of investment.
FRAMEWORK: Housing Policy
                 100.000 vouchers s x year,US$ 500 millon budget
                 US$ 7,500 ( to pay x site, infrastructure and architecture)

Income ( US$ )




   US $ 5000



                  “Private Scheme”
                  Gov Subsidy + Family Savings + PRIVATE BANK LOAN

                                                                                           Used Units
                                                                                           Mobility / Rehabilitation
                  “Competitive Fund”
                                      Application by groups with a specific project/site
                                                                                           Lot Subdivision /
                  Gov Subsidy + Family Savings + SELF CONSTRUCTION
                                                                                           Densification
                   U$7.500         US$300              No Debt
           $0
                                                                                           New
                                                                                           Developments
ARCHITECTURE and URBAN DESIGN



ENGENEERING and BUILDING TECHNOLOGY



         COMMUNITY and SOCIAL WORK
Elemental Chile
Despite very bad living
conditions, families had a
survival network in the city
around them, consisting of
jobs, education, health
facilities and transportation.

It was highly desireable to
maintain that network and
radicate the families where
they were.

But the problem was that
the cost of the site, was 3
times more than what
social housing is normally
able to afford.
Which are those conditions that can increase the value?


                                                         EQUATION

   + good location in the city                                              Dense enough to pay for expensive
                                                                                 well located sites
      (close to the opportunity network)


   + introduction of the collective space                                   20 to 30 families
     ( extensive family as an economical and social unit)


   + able to develop harmonically over time                                 Conquer the corner of the lot /
     ( avoid the impoversihment of the neighborehood and of the
                                                                                 alternate voids for expansions
           house typical of progressive building)


                                                                            72 m2 /4 bedrooms of 3x3, living
   + middle class DNA
                                                                            of 3x6, bathroom far from entrance,
    (instead of small house give half of a good house)
                                                                                  with tub not shower, parking

   + maximum flexibility / minimum technology                               3 m.
     (voids big enough for decent rooms but small ehpugh to
          facilitate low tech expansions)


   + structural design for final scenario                                   Partition walls for the final house.

     = all x US$ 7500 x family.(site, services and architecture included)
       To do what a family, individually, will never do.
If to try resolve the equation we use
1 house = 1 family = 1 lot…
                                 We fit just 32 units

This type is very inefficient in landuse,
so the market tries to make land cost
as close to zero as possible.
Those pieces of land are far away, in
the periphery of cities; in this case in a
stigmatized town outside Iquique.

But even if we had enough money to                      32 units
pay for this site, this isolated type is
unable to take some responsibility on
selfconstruction (50% of the final built
environment at least).
The given units are normally swallowed
by expansions producing a very bad
urban environment, once again.
If we use a more dense type
 Lot width = House width = Room width…

We fit 60 families.
We do better, eventhough still not enough.


The problem with this Row House
type, is that whenever families
expand, they block previous rooms’
access to ventilation and light, and
compromise privacy.
What we get then, instead of
efficiency in landuse, is
overcrowding.




                                             60 units
If we build in height…
We fit all the 100 families
But ( besides the fact that families
threatened us with a hunger strike, if
we even consider giving these blocks as
a solution), building in height
                                          100 units
blocks expansions.
Elemental Chile
Alfonso Montero
Elemental Chile
Tomas Cortese
So, instead of doing the best possible $7.500 dollar unit and repeating it a 100
times, we went for best possible $750.000 dollar building which could host a 100
families and their growth in time.
But we knew, buildings block expansions…
That’s true except in the first and last floor;
So, what we did was a $750.000 dollar building that had just the first and last
floor. With 2 properties one on top of the other, we doubled the efficiency of
landuse, before even ging into the design.
1. Dry automatic unarticulated Boxes and Forms
                                                                             to counterbalance selfconstruction
                                                                          2. Alternate voids avoid overdose of uncertain
                                                                          3. Loos/Tzara windows to achieve scale
                                                                          4. Square lot inefficient but flexible to rotate




With direct access gave in wallbe occupied, arriving up to 72 m2 a the meter Lot both 1st. floor.
With thisFirst-and-Last-floor-Building, widea 6x6
So, this isis howapartments,themeters Zerothem meters House in in 9x9 final stage,in the the House and the Apartment .
So this horizontal to the collective top of
And 3 what we expect
Thenanduplex we partitionit6to stage had each.
                                  on courtyard.
The First-and-Last-Floor-Building, wrapped around to form 4 collective courtyards of 20 families each
Square 9 x 9 m lots for the house, allow to fit better the irregular shape of the site. Form matters.
Meanwhile, families began to be prepared for the
new life they were about to begin.
They had to begin to think about the new houses,
so they were asked to draw and write about…
The Houses




Juana Zeballos 59 years

     PAA Lagos 37 years   Sergio Avendaño 59 years
The Facades
Expected expansion




The Growth
This is what you normally get while building for $7.500, 45 minutes away from the city, in a stigmatized periphery
For the same money we did this, in the same place where they have lived for the last 30
years, paying 3 times more than what social housing has ever paid for the land.
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Second 50% = US$ 750
First 50% = US$ 7,500


                   US$ 7,500 + US$ 750 = US$ 20,000
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Elemental Chile
Welcome to the Quinta
The Courtyards
www.elementalchile.cl

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Elemental Chile

  • 1. The CITY as equity source 400 fairs Metropoitan Promenade Antofagasta New Center for Santiago: 2 Million People Copiapo New Partnerships Santiago Techo para Chile + Billiton Mining Co. Valparaiso 10.000 units x year Concepcion Is a Doing Tank that is Temuco promoting the city as a 2006 Valdivia source of equity Patents Oil n lea Seismic isolators World Competition Chi PEC / E-House x Retailers CO 2005 / 13 TV Fondef / Conicyt Funds New Projects Chile Ba Lo Barnechea / Juan Pablo II rrio f Fonde San Bernardo f de n Lo Espejo Fo Renca 1.000 units 2003 Chi Quinta Monroy, Iquique leB ar ri o ChileBarrio.100 units ef nd Fo 2002 Identify the Equation Harvard / UC d ar rv Ha r/ ll e fe ke c Ro 2000 vid Da ELEMENTAL begins
  • 2. What is our point ? We already know how to produce coverage = Quantity of units. Can we, without reducing quantity, have quality as well ? Yes. Re-define quality: A house is not a car; it should be able to increase it’s value over time. Social Housing should be seen as an investment, not as a social expense. In ELEMENTAL we have identified a set of design conditions that if followed, improve the chances of a property to gain value over time, a of a family to abandon poverty. 2 million people livng in precarious conditions (15 % of the population) chile U$ 10 billion of Government Investment in the next 20 years. latinoamerica 200 milion people livng in precaroius conditions. Caracas 40% , Mexico City 60% U$ ? Billion of investment.
  • 3. FRAMEWORK: Housing Policy 100.000 vouchers s x year,US$ 500 millon budget US$ 7,500 ( to pay x site, infrastructure and architecture) Income ( US$ ) US $ 5000 “Private Scheme” Gov Subsidy + Family Savings + PRIVATE BANK LOAN Used Units Mobility / Rehabilitation “Competitive Fund” Application by groups with a specific project/site Lot Subdivision / Gov Subsidy + Family Savings + SELF CONSTRUCTION Densification U$7.500 US$300 No Debt $0 New Developments
  • 4. ARCHITECTURE and URBAN DESIGN ENGENEERING and BUILDING TECHNOLOGY COMMUNITY and SOCIAL WORK
  • 6. Despite very bad living conditions, families had a survival network in the city around them, consisting of jobs, education, health facilities and transportation. It was highly desireable to maintain that network and radicate the families where they were. But the problem was that the cost of the site, was 3 times more than what social housing is normally able to afford.
  • 7. Which are those conditions that can increase the value? EQUATION + good location in the city Dense enough to pay for expensive well located sites (close to the opportunity network) + introduction of the collective space 20 to 30 families ( extensive family as an economical and social unit) + able to develop harmonically over time Conquer the corner of the lot / ( avoid the impoversihment of the neighborehood and of the alternate voids for expansions house typical of progressive building) 72 m2 /4 bedrooms of 3x3, living + middle class DNA of 3x6, bathroom far from entrance, (instead of small house give half of a good house) with tub not shower, parking + maximum flexibility / minimum technology 3 m. (voids big enough for decent rooms but small ehpugh to facilitate low tech expansions) + structural design for final scenario Partition walls for the final house. = all x US$ 7500 x family.(site, services and architecture included) To do what a family, individually, will never do.
  • 8. If to try resolve the equation we use 1 house = 1 family = 1 lot… We fit just 32 units This type is very inefficient in landuse, so the market tries to make land cost as close to zero as possible. Those pieces of land are far away, in the periphery of cities; in this case in a stigmatized town outside Iquique. But even if we had enough money to 32 units pay for this site, this isolated type is unable to take some responsibility on selfconstruction (50% of the final built environment at least). The given units are normally swallowed by expansions producing a very bad urban environment, once again.
  • 9. If we use a more dense type Lot width = House width = Room width… We fit 60 families. We do better, eventhough still not enough. The problem with this Row House type, is that whenever families expand, they block previous rooms’ access to ventilation and light, and compromise privacy. What we get then, instead of efficiency in landuse, is overcrowding. 60 units
  • 10. If we build in height… We fit all the 100 families But ( besides the fact that families threatened us with a hunger strike, if we even consider giving these blocks as a solution), building in height 100 units blocks expansions.
  • 15. So, instead of doing the best possible $7.500 dollar unit and repeating it a 100 times, we went for best possible $750.000 dollar building which could host a 100 families and their growth in time. But we knew, buildings block expansions… That’s true except in the first and last floor; So, what we did was a $750.000 dollar building that had just the first and last floor. With 2 properties one on top of the other, we doubled the efficiency of landuse, before even ging into the design.
  • 16. 1. Dry automatic unarticulated Boxes and Forms to counterbalance selfconstruction 2. Alternate voids avoid overdose of uncertain 3. Loos/Tzara windows to achieve scale 4. Square lot inefficient but flexible to rotate With direct access gave in wallbe occupied, arriving up to 72 m2 a the meter Lot both 1st. floor. With thisFirst-and-Last-floor-Building, widea 6x6 So, this isis howapartments,themeters Zerothem meters House in in 9x9 final stage,in the the House and the Apartment . So this horizontal to the collective top of And 3 what we expect Thenanduplex we partitionit6to stage had each. on courtyard.
  • 17. The First-and-Last-Floor-Building, wrapped around to form 4 collective courtyards of 20 families each Square 9 x 9 m lots for the house, allow to fit better the irregular shape of the site. Form matters.
  • 18. Meanwhile, families began to be prepared for the new life they were about to begin. They had to begin to think about the new houses, so they were asked to draw and write about…
  • 19. The Houses Juana Zeballos 59 years PAA Lagos 37 years Sergio Avendaño 59 years
  • 22. This is what you normally get while building for $7.500, 45 minutes away from the city, in a stigmatized periphery
  • 23. For the same money we did this, in the same place where they have lived for the last 30 years, paying 3 times more than what social housing has ever paid for the land.
  • 29. Second 50% = US$ 750 First 50% = US$ 7,500 US$ 7,500 + US$ 750 = US$ 20,000
  • 36. Welcome to the Quinta