PHILOSOPHY AND
SPIRITUALITY
DANILO F. MARIBAO
PALIPARAN III SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
DASMARINAS CITY, CAVITE
EXISTENCE OF GOD

1. Everyone must make their own way on
how to gain points.
2. Must record their own points.
3. 5 points is given to everyone before the
class started.
4. Once you hear “what is your score” one
must announce their own score and
gain points to the first to give the score.

REVIEW

1.The principle of conscious
life; the vital principle in
humans, animating the body
or mediating between body
and soul.

1. SPIRIT
ANSWERS:

2. is a central concept in discussing the
nature of the human soul. Is primarily
based on discussion on the nature of
human consciousness.

2. Embodiment
ANSWERS:

3. That mean is able to perceive
and experience reality through his
physical body.

3. Embodied cognition
ANSWERS:

4. The human mind is immortal and
persists after the death of the body.

4. Plato
ANSWERS:

5. The Islamic philosopher, argued
that self-awareness and
consciousness exists even if the
body deprived on it own senses.

5. Avicenna
ANSWERS:

ACTIVITY:
1. Described your ideas about the image
and appearance of God.
2. What is your bases of your description
of God?

ANALYSIS
1. What characteristics make God a
“supreme being”?
2. How do philosophy justify the existence
of God?

ABSTRACTION:

How does the spirit define the nature of man?
Biblical scholars and theologians have proposed
several explanations regarding the nature and
composition of man based on their studies of
the Holy Scriptures. These views deal with the
distinction between the physical and spiritual
nature of man, and how these interact to
define the human being.

TROCOTOMIC VIEW – holds that the man is
composed of three essential parts: body, soul and
spirit.
Soul – defined as the component which gives man
life and will.
Spirit – enables man to establish a connection with
GOD.

DICHOTOMIC VIEW – gives no
distinctions between the spirit and soul
and views man as being composed of
body and spirit.

PSYCHOSOMATIC UNITY - asserts that
man is of a single or unity construction,
and that the body and spirit are
inseparable and integrated.

If the Spirit exists, does God exist?
The spiritual aspect of human existence is a
vital component of religious belief. The belief
in the spiritual embraces the concept of the
divine, particularly the existence of God.
Philosophy examines spiritually in Theology,
the study of God and other religious concepts.

Theologists discuss the nature of God and use
philosophical tools to define and understand
the concept of divinity and religion. The growth
of Christianity has greatly influenced the
development of theology, and various Christian
philosophers have put forth their ideas on the
nature of God.

Theism – Is the belief in the existence of
a God or several deities.
Monotheism – believes in single God

1. Omniscience – God is all knowing
2. Omnipotence – God is all-powerful
3. Omnipresence – God is ever-present
4. Benevolence – God is perfectly good,
just, and all-loving
Characteristic of Monotheism

5. Divine Simplicity – all attributes are
integrated and embodied by him – God
is not just, “good”; He is goodness
itself.
6. Eternal – God is timeless and has no
beginning and end
Characteristic of Monotheism

Concept of God and Divinity
Revealed Theology – study of God
through the analysis of sacred texts.
Natural Theology employed reason to
substantiate the existence of God.

Studies in Natural theology have given rise to
several arguments on the existence of God.
Ontological argument contents that since
man, a rational being, is able to conceive
the notion of a Supreme Being, then it
holds to reason that such Supreme Being
exists.

Teleological Argument focuses on the
purpose of God would play in the
universe. It argues that the supreme
being is necessary for the continued
existence of an orderly but complex
universe.

Cosmological Argument takes into
account the nature of existence and the
universe and recognizes the existence of
God as an explanation of how things
come to being in our reality.

St. Thomas Aquinas – proposed
several arguments which point to
God as
“Prime mover”
“the first cause of existence”
“source of being”

Gottfried Leibnitz
“principle of sufficient
reason” – The existence of
the universe, therefore,
must have an explanation
and the only sufficient
explanation is the existence
of God.

Kalam Cosmological Argument
Everything that has a beginning has a cause
The universe has beginning
Therefore, the universe has a cause.
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Ilm al-Kalām "science of discourse", the
Arabic term for the discipline of
philosophical theology in Islam.

Moral Argument holds that man’s ethical
nature is brought about by the existence of
God. God is the presentation of the greatest
ideal, “the greatest good”, and it is from Him
that all standards of goodness are based.
William Sorley

Viewpoint of other distinct group
Theism is the viewpoint or belief in the of God
or deities
Agnotism a view which considers
metaphysical concepts such as God to be
inherently unknowable.
Atheism the rejection or nonbelief in the
existence of God or any deity.

If God exists, what is His role in our lives?
Redemptive Salvation – God play a
central role as it is through Him that saving
faith is effected.
Divine Providence – God takes an active
role in the human condition.

Immanence
Regards God as manifesting Himself in the
world as a unique entity.
Trancendent
Going beyond the limits of ordinary experience.
Immanent
Being within the limits of possible experience of
knowledge.

Transcendence depicts, God as existing the
material world, and whose presence is beyond
physical laws and even human knowledge and
understanding.
Panentheistic view of God that is both beyond and
within the universe.
Pandeistic view, where God was a distinct entity but
lost this state when He transformed Himself into the
universe.

How can we apply spiritual concepts in our lives?
Human life is essentially a relationship with the
spiritual and the divine.
Human can establish a connection with the
divine through certain transcendental
experiences such as prayer, meditation and
visions.

Immanuel Kant –
proposed that
human
transcendence is
based on rationality.

Jean Paul Sartre considers a
person’s ability to comprehend
and relate to objects and being
outside his own self as an
indication of transcendence.
Transcendence lies in the ability of
the persons to relate to people,
things, and experiences in a
meaningful manner.

APPLICATION:
THINK: Write your learnings on the spiritual
concepts discussed in the appropriate boxes.
Write a generalization or synthesis in the circle at
the center.

SPIRIT
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
GOD
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
TRANSCENDENCE
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________
___________
___________
___________
___________
_________

ASSESSMENT

1. holds that the man is composed of
three essential parts: body, soul and
spirit.

2. Is the belief in the existence of
a God or several deities.

3. All attributes are integrated
and embodied by him

4. focuses on the purpose of God
would play in the universe. It argues
that the supreme being is necessary
for the continued existence of an
orderly but complex universe.

5. depicts, God as existing the
material world, and whose
presence is beyond physical laws
and even human knowledge and
understanding.

1. TROCOTOMIC VIEW
2. Theism
3. Divine Simplicity
4. Teleological
5. Transcendence
ANSWERS:

AGREEMENT / ASSIGNMENT:
* Conduct an interview on the nature of God with
your local priest, pastor, minister, or imam. Share
what you have learned in class.