This document provides an overview of the key concepts in psychology including its history, perspectives, research methods, and ethical guidelines. It discusses how psychology emerged as a separate field from philosophy in the 19th century with pioneers like Wundt, James, and Freud establishing different approaches. Modern psychology incorporates various perspectives including biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and cross-cultural views. Research methods range from descriptive studies to experimental designs, with correlational research examining relationships between variables. Ethical standards aim to protect participants through informed consent and confidentiality.