1.
Migration and Refugees
CULT-320-002 (Fall 2017)
Group Members: Lois Matteis, Linxuan Gao
Seung Chan Lee, Elias Aguilar

2.
Our Group Topic
● How does the reading relate to what we have
been learning about colonialism?
● How does capitalism play a role in migration
patterns within the country of China?

3.
Our Research Map...
● Definition of “Migration” and “Refugees”
● Migration in United States
● Unaccompanied Minors Migration
● Refugee Crisis

4.
An immigrant is someone who
chooses to resettle to another
country.
A refugee is someone who has
been forced to flee his or her
home country.

5.
The Origin of Refugee
● The concept of “asylum” comes from
Greek
● In the 4th century, asylum shifted from
religious rights to the political rights of
the the Roman Empire
● The first case of deportation and
asylum in the modern sense ---
Protestants in France at risk of
religious persecution in 1685

6.
Refugees In Two World Wars
● Population displacement
● The first large-scale “forced”
migration occurred before and
after World War I
● The World War II intensified
forced population transfer

7.
After World War II...
● In 1943, the Allies set up the Joint
National Relief and Aid Agency
● In 1946, this body was reorganized into
an international refugee organization.
● In December 1950, the United Nations
established the Office of the High
Commissioner for Refugees.
● In July 1951, the United Nations ratified
the Refugees Convention

8.
Causation for
urban-rural
Migration
´Rural migration
´Geographical advantage
´Mountains and Lakes
´Urban migration
´Opportunities
´Educations
´Careers

9.
Urban to Rural
Migration
´Urbanization of the rural
area
´Disproportionate age
´Gentrification
´Rising economic prominence
´Development of the rural region

10.
Rural to Urban
migration
´Graying rural population
´Oregon, Fossil village
´Uneven and skewed
distribution of age
´

11.
Migration
from disaster
´Brain drain
´Cuba after hurricane
´Displacement
´How is it different from
the Tsunami in Sri
Lanka?
´

12.
Racial difference
in migration
´Black population
migration
´Reasons?
´White population
migration
´Reasons?
´Is there still on-going
racism in the market?
´

13.
High skilled Brain
Drain
´High skill brain drain
´Enforcement of
Non-compete agreements
´Patent holder’s migrations

14.
2014: Unaccompanied Alien
Children Humanitarian Crisis

15.
La Carnada
https://vimeo.com/106839392

16.
Cities with the highest homicide rates

17.
UAC vs URM
There are two types of unaccompanied orphans: Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) and Unaccompanied Alien
Children (UAC). Even though both URM and UAC are escaping similar situations, one group enjoys protection as a
legal resident, while the other is treated as an undocumented alien. (Jeon i)
Unaccompanied Alien Child (UAC) is a legal term referring to a child who: has no lawful immigration status in the
United States; has not attained 18 years of age; and has no parent or legal guardian in the United States, or for whom
no parent or legal guardian in the United States is available to provide care and physical custody.
Unaccompanied Refugee Minor (URM) is “a child who is under the age of 18, and who entered the United States
unaccompanied by and not destined to (a) a parent or (b) a close nonparental adult relative who is willing and able to
care for the child or (c) an adult with a clear and court verifiable claim to custody of the minor; and who has no parent(s)
in the United States. The URM is considered legally present in the U.S. under its Immigration and Nationality Act

18.
UAC Court Process
2012 the Vera Institute of Justice reported that some 40 percent of UAC were
eligible to qualify for a legal status that would save them from deportation.
However because the court proceedings are ultimately civil matters there is no
guaranteed right to counsel.
Reno v. Flores- v. Flores The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that INS was not legally
required to provide special treatment for minors held in custody or to house
illegal alien children in separate shelters. Also that the INS detention program
for illegal aliens conforms with due process.

19.
Refugees/Asylum/Displaced Migrants:
Military Industrial Complex Role
● Most refugees are coming from the Middle
East (Mainly Syria, Iraq, Yemen and Libya).
● The United States has dropped 26,000
bombs on Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Libya,
Yemen, Somalia, and Pakistan in 2016 (a
daily average of 72)
● The USA has spent $4.8 trillion on the
wars in the Middle East
● War budget under Trup administration is
going to increase the military spending
budget by $96.5 billion.

20.
65 Million
Number of refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced people within the world

21.
“Negative Refugee” Media...

22.
“Pro-refugee” Media...

23.
United States’ Attitude
on Immigration...

24.
Factors of Influence
● Media plays a major role in how refugees
are viewed in the public’s eye
● Attitude depends on: history of migration
patterns, economic development within
the area, and the strength of labor
demand.
● Political views have enabled polarized
views on refugees: “genuine” and “bogus”
refugees
● Current events (example: 9/11)

25.
Globalization
The combination of media and the
military industrial complex has created
a very negative or patronizing view of
refugees overall.
Most solutions to the problem does
not address the source. The solutions
are Western reactions to the problem.
Capitalism and Colonialism have
played a role in destabilizing these
countries while also creating major
displacement affecting the entire
world.

26.
Foreign Policy
Change
Fix the problem at the source
and we will no longer need to
create reactionary solutions.