1.
Types of programming language

2.
Types of programming language
There are 3 types of programming language:
1.Procedural
2.Declarative
3.Object-Oriented

3.
Procedural languages
 In a procedural language, the programmer specifies the
sequence of operations to be performed
 A procedural program has a clear start point, and end
point
 Livecode, Python, BASIC and C are examples of
procedural programming languages (although LiveCode
can also be described as Event Driven)

4.
Procedural languages
 Larger programs are broken down into smaller
subprograms, known as functions or procedures
 Subprograms should have a specific purpose. Using
subprograms means a program is modular.
 Procedural languages provide the programmer with
variable data types such as integers, real numbers and
strings

5.
Procedural languages
BASIC listing

6.
Procedural languages
Python listing

7.
Declarative languages
The programmer declares all of the facts and rules at the
outset
Queries can then be performed on the facts and
relationships in order to solve problems
Used in medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, financial
projection and planning
Examples are PROLOG and LISP. Declarative languages
are often used in artificial intelligence

8.
Declarative languages
Sample PROLOG listing

9.
Object-oriented languages
In object-oriented programming (OOP) the language is
modelled around objects rather than actions
Objects can have attributes and methods
A car object can have the attributes:
Colour
Engine size
Number of doors
A car object can have the methods:
Drive forward
Brake
Unlock doors

10.
Classes

11.
Classes
In OOP we define a class as the blueprint for our objects
In our example, car is a class – it is not a specific make or
model of car but a blueprint for all cars
We use our class to create an instance of an object

12.
Instances

13.
Inheritance
Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit
commonly used state and behaviour from other classes

14.
Inheritance

15.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the principle of placing data (attributes)
and functions (methods) into a single component (class)
Using encapsulation we can hide much of the
functionality and data from parts of the program that
don’t need to access it