CATCH Y TITLE : WH AT AM I D O ING IN TH IS PAPE R?
S TUD E NT NAME
J on a t h a n Va r h ola
S O C 2 0 0 0 -XX
D ATE O F S UBMIS S IO N
1
I. In t r od u ct ion
a . S ociologica l Im a gin a t ion
i. Cor r ela t ion b et ween p er s on a l exp er ien ces of d r u g u s er s a n d
h ea lt h effect ou t com es p a r t ia lly s h a p ed b y s ociet y
ii. Im p or t a n t t o u n d er s t a n d u n d er lyin g r ela t ion s h ip s b et ween
a ll k ey a ct or s
b . Ps ych ot r op ic d r u gs ill effect s a r e a s ocia l p r ob lem
i. S ociet y a t la r ge a ffect ed in clu d in g m a n y d iffer en t a ge gr ou p s ,
b a ck gr ou n d s a n d h is t or ies of p eop le
ii. Q u a lit y of life d efla t ion a n d u n s a t is fa ct or y h ea lt h effect
ou t com es ou t weigh b en efit s fr om t r ea t m en t s t h a t r eq u ir e
p s ych ot r op ic d r u g u s e
iii. Med ica l in d u s t r y r egu la t ed a t a s ociet a l or m a cr o level
c . Ps ych ot r op ic d r u g u s e effect s on h ea lt h
i. Q u a lit y of life
1 . G en er a l h ea lt h p r ob lem s (F leis ch h a ck er et a l., 2 0 1 1 ).
ii. S id e effect s a ffect in g a ll a ges (Ch eu n g, Levit t & S za la i, 2 0 0 3 ).
1 . Ad oles cen t s (G r ek in , O b er leit n er , Tzilos & Zu m b er g,
2 0 1 1 ).
2 . E ld er ly (Alla et a l., 2 0 0 4 ).
iii. S u icid e a t t em p t s
1 . S u icid a l t h ou gh t s a n d a ct s (Cou gn a r d , G r ollea u ,
Molim a r d , Tou r n ier & Ver d ou x, 2 0 0 9 ).
d . Th es is S t a t em en t
i. In t h is p a p er , I will b e s t u d yin g t h e im p a ct of p s ych ot r op ic
d r u g u s e on u s er q u a lit y of life .
II. Lit er a t u r e Review
a . Poor h ea lt h b eh a vior (F leis ch h a ck er et a l., 2 0 1 1 )
i. WH O Q O L-BRE F r ed u ced q u a lit y of life in p s ych ot r op ic d r u g
u s er s
ii. S m ok e ciga r et t es m or e com m on ly, r ed u ced p h ys ica l a ct ivit y
a n d h igh er b od y m a s s in d ex; com p a r ed t o n on -u s er s
b . D ep en d en cy (Alla et a l., 2 0 0 4 )
i. Non con s u m er s h a ve b es t q u a lit y of life
ii. O cca s ion a l con s u m er s lim it ed in s ociet a l r oles a n d
exp er ien ce wor s e m en t a l h ea lt h
iii. Con t in u ou s con s u m er s h a ve wor s e s ocia l fu n ct ion in g a b ilit y
a n d a r e d ep en d en t on d r u gs
c . S id e E ffect s (Ch eu n g et a l., 2 0 0 3 )
i. H ea lt h y a d oles cen t s con cer n ed wit h m ed ica l r ea s on s of s id e
effect s
ii. Ad oles cen t s wit h d ep r es s ion con cer n ed wit h r es u lt in g
fu n ct ion a l im p a ir m en t s of s id e effect s
d . College u s e (G r ek in et a l., 2 0 1 1 )
i. Ps ych ot r op ic d r u g m ixin g wit h a lcoh ol on college ca m p u s es
ii. S t u d en t s m is u s in g d r u g ...
CATCH Y TITLE WH AT AM I D O ING IN TH IS PAPE.docx
1. CATCH Y TITLE : WH AT AM I D O ING IN TH IS PAPE R?
S TUD E NT NAME
J on a t h a n Va r h ola
S O C 2 0 0 0 -XX
D ATE O F S UBMIS S IO N
1
I. In t r od u ct ion
a . S ociologica l Im a gin a t ion
i. Cor r ela t ion b et ween p er s on a l exp er ien ces of d r u
g u s er s a n d
h ea lt h effect ou t com es p a r t ia lly s h a p ed b y s ociet
y
2. ii. Im p or t a n t t o u n d er s t a n d u n d er lyin g r ela t ion
s h ip s b et ween
a ll k ey a ct or s
b . Ps ych ot r op ic d r u gs ill effect s a r e a s ocia l p r ob
lem
i. S ociet y a t la r ge a ffect ed in clu d in g m a n y d iffer en
t a ge gr ou p s ,
b a ck gr ou n d s a n d h is t or ies of p eop le
ii. Q u a lit y of life d efla t ion a n d u n s a t is fa ct or y h ea
lt h effect
ou t com es ou t weigh b en efit s fr om t r ea t m en t s t h a
t r eq u ir e
p s ych ot r op ic d r u g u s e
iii. Med ica l in d u s t r y r egu la t ed a t a s ociet a l or m a
cr o level
c . Ps ych ot r op ic d r u g u s e effect s on h ea lt h
i. Q u a lit y of life
1 . G en er a l h ea lt h p r ob lem s (F leis ch h a ck er et a l.,
2 0 1 1 ).
ii. S id e effect s a ffect in g a ll a ges (Ch eu n g, Levit t & S
za la i, 2 0 0 3 ).
1 . Ad oles cen t s (G r ek in , O b er leit n er , Tzilos & Zu m
b er g,
2 0 1 1 ).
2 . E ld er ly (Alla et a l., 2 0 0 4 ).
iii. S u icid e a t t em p t s
3. 1 . S u icid a l t h ou gh t s a n d a ct s (Cou gn a r d , G r
ollea u ,
Molim a r d , Tou r n ier & Ver d ou x, 2 0 0 9 ).
d . Th es is S t a t em en t
i. In t h is p a p er , I will b e s t u d yin g t h e im p a ct of p
s ych ot r op ic
d r u g u s e on u s er q u a lit y of life .
II. Lit er a t u r e Review
a . Poor h ea lt h b eh a vior (F leis ch h a ck er et a l., 2 0 1
1 )
i. WH O Q O L-BRE F r ed u ced q u a lit y of life in p s ych
ot r op ic d r u g
u s er s
ii. S m ok e ciga r et t es m or e com m on ly, r ed u ced p h ys
ica l a ct ivit y
a n d h igh er b od y m a s s in d ex; com p a r ed t o n on -u s
er s
b . D ep en d en cy (Alla et a l., 2 0 0 4 )
i. Non con s u m er s h a ve b es t q u a lit y of life
ii. O cca s ion a l con s u m er s lim it ed in s ociet a l r oles
a n d
exp er ien ce wor s e m en t a l h ea lt h
iii. Con t in u ou s con s u m er s h a ve wor s e s ocia l fu n ct
ion in g a b ilit y
a n d a r e d ep en d en t on d r u gs
c . S id e E ffect s (Ch eu n g et a l., 2 0 0 3 )
4. i. H ea lt h y a d oles cen t s con cer n ed wit h m ed ica l r ea
s on s of s id e
effect s
ii. Ad oles cen t s wit h d ep r es s ion con cer n ed wit h r es
u lt in g
fu n ct ion a l im p a ir m en t s of s id e effect s
d . College u s e (G r ek in et a l., 2 0 1 1 )
i. Ps ych ot r op ic d r u g m ixin g wit h a lcoh ol on college
ca m p u s es
ii. S t u d en t s m is u s in g d r u gs in q u a n t it y
2
iii. Low r a t e of s u icid a l b eh a vior q u es t ion in g b y p h
ys icia n s
e . In t en t ion a l d r u g over d os e
i. Pr es cr ib ed d r u gs u s ed in in t en t ion a l d r u g over
d os e
ii. S u b ject s in ges t in g n on p r es cr ib ed d r u gs in ID
O h a d ot h er
p r es cr ib ed p s ych ot r op ic d r u gs
iii. H yp n ot ic a n d r ela t ed d r u gs m os t fr eq u en t ly
in ges t ed
III. D a t a a n d Met h od s
a . S u r vey collect ion in Au s t r ia , (F leis ch h a ck er et a
5. l., 2 0 1 1 )
i. s a m p le s ize=n =8 7
ii. s m a ll s a m p le s ize m a k es q u a n t it a t ive gen er a
liza t ion s d ifficu lt
iii. wea k n es s of s u r vey m et h od : s elf-r ep or t ed d a t a
m a y b e
u n r elia b le
iv. G en er a l s a t is fa ct ion wit h life a n d well-b ein g d
ecr ea s ed
b . Non -p a r t icip a n t ob s er va t ion a l s t u d y in F r a n
ce (Alla et a l., 2 0 0 4 )
i. s a m p le s ize
ii. s a m p le s ize cr it iq u e
iii. k ey fin d in g(s )
c . Q -s or t m et h od ology u s ed in Ca n a d a (Ch eu n g et
a l., 2 0 0 3 )
i. s a m p le s ize
ii. s a m p le s ize cr it iq u e
iii. k ey fin d in g(s )
d . In t er views con d u ct ed in t h e US A (G r ek in et a
l., 2 0 1 1 )
i. s a m p le s ize
ii. s a m p le s ize cr it iq u e
iii. k ey fin d in g(s )
e . Q u a n t it a t ive r e s ea r ch a n d s t a t is t ica l a n a lys
is p er for m ed in F r a n ce
6. (Cou gn a r d et a l., 2 0 0 9 )
i. s a m p le s ize
ii. s a m p le s ize cr it iq u e
iii. k ey fin d in g(s )
IV. Th eor y
a . S ocia l Con flict Th eor y
i. Ph ys icia n s h a ve m or e k n owled ge of d r u gs t h a n d
o p a t ien t s
ii. Pa t ien t s m a y b elieve p h ys icia n s a r e p er for m in g
well in t h eir
d u t y b u t u n exp ect ed s id e effect s m a y t r u ly b e a s
ign of
n egligen ce
iii. Ph ys icia n s p ot en t ia lly exp loit in g p a t ien t s s im
p ly t o m a k e
m on ey
b . F u n ct ion a lis m
i. Ph ys icia n s a r e exp ect ed t o b e m ed ica l a u t h or it
ies
ii. Pa t ien t s a r e exp ect ed t o b e a b le t o r ely on p h ys
icia n s for
a ccu r a t e a n d fu n ct ion a l in for m a t ion a b ou t d r u
g u s e a n d
s a fet y
c . S ym b olic In t er a ct ion is m
i. F eelin gs a b ou t d r u gs a n d d r u g u s e va r y b et
7. ween cu lt u r es ,
s u b cu lt u r es a n d gr ou p s
3
ii. Le vels of k n owled ge r ega r d in g d r u gs a n d d r u g
u s e d ep en d on
p r eviou s in t er a ct ion s exp er ien ced b y a given a ct or
V. Con clu s ion
a . In t h is p a p er , I h a ve s t u d ied t h e im p a ct of p s
ych ot r op ic d r u g u s e
on u s er q u a lit y of life .
b . F u t u r e r es ea r ch on p s ych ot r op ic d r u g u s e , a
lon g wit h it s im p a ct
on u s er q u a lit y of life , is n eed ed , b a s ed on m y k ey
fin d in g t h a t
_______________.
c . F u t u r e r es ea r ch er s m a y con s id e r u s in g a
________ m et h od ologica l
a p p r oa ch , b eca u s e _____________.
d . In d ivid u a ls n eed b et t er ed u ca t ion on d r u gs b
efor e get t in g
p r es cr ib ed t h es e m ed ica t ion s , t h er efor e s ocia l a n
d / or lega l p olicy
s h ou ld b e ch a n ged in t h e followin g wa y:
8. ______________.
4
Refer en ces
Alla , F ., Ba u m a n n , M., Bon n et a in , F ., Br ia n con , S .
(2 0 0 4 ). Q u a lit y of life a n d
a t t it u d es t owa r d s p s ych ot r op ics a n d d ep en d
en cy: con s u m er s vs . n on -
con s u m er s a ged 5 0 a n d over . J ou rn a l of Clin ica
l Ph a rm a cy & Th e ra p e u tics ,
2 9 (5 ), 4 0 5 -4 1 5 .
Ch eu n g, Am y H ., Levit t , An t h on y J ., S za la i, J oh n
P. (2 0 0 3 ). Im p a ct of
An t id ep r e s s a n t S id e E ffect s on Ad oles cen t Q
u a lit y of Life. Ca n a d ia n J ou rn a l
of Ps y ch ia try , 4 8 (1 1 ), 7 2 7 -7 3 3 .
Cou gn a r d , A., G r ollea u , A., Molim a r d , M., Tou r n ier ,
M., Ver d ou x, H . (2 0 0 9 ).
F a ct or s a s s ocia t ed wit h ch oice of p s ych ot r op ic
d r u gs u s ed for in t en t ion a l
9. d r u g over d os e. Eu rop e a n A rch iv e s of Ps y ch ia
try a n d Clin ica l Ne u ros cie n ce ,
2 5 9 (2 ), 8 6 -9 1 .
F leis ch h a ck er , Wolfga n g W., Kop p , Ma r t in , Ku m n
ig, Ma r t in ., Ru ed l, G er h a r d .,
Ru m p old , G er h a r d ., S t u r z, Kr is t in a . (2 0 1 1 ).
Poor h ea lt h b eh a viou r a n d
r e d u ced q u a lit y of life of Peop le t r ea t ed wit h p s
ych ot r op ic d r u gs . H u m a n
Ps y ch op h a rm a cology : Clin ica l & Ex p e rim e n ta l,
2 6 (2 ), 1 6 1 -1 6 7 .
G r ek in , E m ily R., O b e r leit n er , Lin d s a y M.S ., Tzilos
, G olfo K., Zu m b er g,
Ka t h r yn , M. (2 0 1 1 ). Ps ych ot r op ic D r u g Us e a
m on g College S t u d en t s :
Pa t t e r n s of Us e, Mis u s e, a n d Med ica l Mon it or
in g. J ou rn a l of A m e rica n
Colle ge H e a lth , 5 9 (7 ), 6 5 8 -6 6 1 .
Annotated bibliography
10. Student’s Name: Omar Allansari
Instructor: Dr.Jonathan Varhola
Date: February 13th, 2017
SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN ADOLESCENTS; AN ANNOTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Park, Alice, and Alice Park. "Teens and Drugs: Rite of Passage
or Recipe for Addiction?
The above publication in the TIME magazine contains data
regarding the ever increasing numbers in substance abuse in
teenagers. A study conducted in recent time’s shows that the
percentage of high school students who have in any way abused
a drug is more than 75%. These include illicit drugs, alcohol
and tobacco. In the article, the author insists that over 90% of
addiction cases was recorded for those who started using the
drugs before the recommended age of eighteen years; this
indicates that addiction later in one’s life is due to the early
abuse of drugs, in their adulthood. Hence this publication is
important to the topic since it lets us know how early substance
abuse can affect the later years of a person and it also shows the
drug abuse at a teen level hence more understanding. This
article informs a lot of readers that what they choose in their
teen years can affect their lives many years later.
O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., & G.Bachman, J. (1998).
Alcohol Use among Adolescents.
Alcohol Health & Research World, 85-93.
11. Three University of Michigan PhD holders made a presentation
on the factors which encourage adolescents to partake in alcohol
abuse and the related behavioural outcomes. They recorded that
male adolescents are more likely to report drinking than their
female counterparts although by a small margin although the
gender difference for one having to be drunk was higher.
Alcohol prevalence is also higher among teenagers. The authors
then came to a revelation that alcohol abuse had a close
affiliation to the use of other drugs. On further research, on why
adolescents drink, they found out that some use alcohol fun,
like enjoying a great moment with friends due to alcohol’s great
taste, its tension relieving ability and the ability to make you
high. A small number was recorded to use alcohol to help them
cope through hard situations.
White, W.L., Dennis, M. & Tims, F.M. (2002) Adolescent
treatment: its history and current
Renaissance. Counselor.
Authors of this article retrieved from Counselor Magazine are
worried that with the increase in adolescent drug abuse there
comes great problems. These include emergency room
admissions, drug-related deaths, arrests, treatment costs and
incarceration rates. The authors studied drug and substance
misuse and ways to treat it from the seventeen hundreds to the
this day and they found out the following; adult treatment
models became of little help or no use at all when used on
adolescents. However in the last decade there have been great
clinical advances under that department, hence a more
developmentally suitable system of treatment with hopeful
results came as a result. There is also a great anticipation of
more future advances in the medical field.
12. Report for Experiment 4
Newton’s Second Law
Name: Your name here
Lab partner: Your partner’s name here
TA: Your instructor’s name here
The date of the experiment here
Abstract
Acceleration is the coupling strength between the mass of a
system and the force acting on it. By
comparing the gravitational pull on a . One hanging mass of
variable weight is attached to either one
13. puck (Investigation 1) or two (Investigation 2) on a frictionless
air table. A spark timer gives a direct way
to measure velocity and time of the system, calculating
acceleration for three hanging weights. Plotting
acceleration vs. the reduced mass of the hanging weights gives a
value for gravity. Using one puck, the
data within uncertainty is equal to the standard value of gravity.
Using two pucks, the data was not equal
to gravity within error, as rotational and frictional forces were
not included in the linear model.
Introduction
This experiment will test Newton’s second law and how it
relates to different forces. The law can be
14. summarized by the equation, F = ma. It is the point of this
experiment to find an acceleration of an object
based on a given force and mass of that object. This will
effectively solve Newton’s second law in the
form a = F/m. In the first investigation we measured the
displacement of an air hockey puck as it was
pulled by three differing weights, using a spark timer. We
calculated the velocity of the puck and graphed
velocity vs. time for each weight combination, which gave the
acceleration of the puck. To verify
Newton’s second law we graphed the accelerations vs. the
reduced mass of the system and then compared
the slope of that graph to the known value of gravity, 9.81
m/s^2. The second investigation used two
pucks strapped together, thereby changing the reduced mass
ratio, but otherwise worked the same way as
Investigation 1 to calculate the known value of gravity.
Investigation 1
Setup & Procedure
The air table is set up with a pulley attached to a side. Two
pucks are connected to a High Voltage (HV)
source to create a circuit for the spark timer. Carbon paper is
15. laid on the table with white paper laying on
top of this carbon paper. The second puck is to the side but still
on the paper so as not to interfere with
the motion of the puck under observation. Weights of either 50,
100, or 200 grams is attached to the puck
by the pulley and string. When the HV is on, the weight is
dropped and the puck generates a spark every
30 ms. The spark will leave a black carbon dot from the carbon
paper on the white paper, which can be
measured for displacement. The spark timer is set to 30 Hz, so
the time between each dot is 0.0333 s.
Ten dots are counted and the displacement between them
measured. Using this data, the velocity is
calculated and used to graphically find the acceleration of the
system.
Data & Analysis
Table 1 – Displacement and time data from a single puck with
different weights
hanging down. (a) Data from the 50g hanging weight; (b) Data
from the 100g
hanging weight; (c) Data from the 200g hanging weight.
hanging weight 50 g
puck (g) 548
18. 8 5.6 0.0333 0.266 0.3 84.084 4.504
9 5.9 0.0333 0.3 0.3 88.588 4.504
On the paper, each trail of dots was labeled for the specific
weight used on the pulley. Our TA helped
pick a starting dot, and the dots were numbered 1-10. We
measured the displacement between two
consecutive dots and labeled it Δx. For example, for
displacement #1, we measured the distance between
dots 1 and 3. For displacement #2 we measured the distance
between dots 2 and 4, etc. The next column
in the data, Δt (s), is the time between each carbon dot. The
column after that is the total time elapsed
from the first dot. The uncertainty of the displacement was
determined by the difficulty to accurately
measure the middle of the dot, the size of the dot, and the fact
that the ruler could not touch the paper
directly. The relative uncertainty of the time measurement has
been pre-determined to be 0.1%. This is
effectively negligible in comparison to the uncertainty of the
physical measurements.
The velocity of the puck was calculated using the equation � =
Δ�/(2Δ�). The uncertainty to the
19. velocity was calculated in Eq. (1),
δv =
δ∆�
∆�
× v (1)
From this, we created a graph of velocity vs. time for each
weight, seen in Fig. (1). Error bars and an
equation of the trend line were added. We imputed the data into
the IPL error calculator and found an
uncertainty of the slope of 17.4 cm/s^2 for each graph.
Figure 1 – Acceleration from pucks using different weights. (a)
Puck acceleration from hanging 50g weight;
(b) Puck acceleration from hanging 100g weight; (c) Puck
acceleration from hanging 200g weight.
y = 57.808x + 26.068
0
10
20
30
20. 40
50
60
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
V
e
lo
ci
ty
(
cm
/s
)
Time (s)
y = 123.12x + 30.03
0
10
20
30
40
21. 50
60
70
80
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
V
e
lo
ci
ty
(
cm
/s
)
Time (s)
y = 213.21x + 25.192
0
10
20
30
22. 40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
V
e
lo
ci
ty
(
cm
/s
)
Time (s)
The slope of each graph is the acceleration of the puck.
23. Newton’s second law states that the sum of all
forces equals mass times acceleration. Since gravity acting on
the weight is the only force acting on the
puck (as long as friction is negligent), then Newton’s law can
be written as
��� = (�� + ��)�, (2)
where mp is the mass of the puck, mw is the mass of the
weight, a is the acceleration, and g is gravity. If
acceleration is graphed against mw/(mp+mw), then the slope of
the line will be equal to the acceleration of
gravity. This is done in Fig. (2).
Table 2 – Reduced mass and acceleration data.
Weight added (g)
Reduced mass
mw/(mp+mw) a (cm/s^2) δa (cm/s^2)
50 0.154 57.8 17.4
100 0.214 123.1 17.4
200 0.313 213.2 17.4
Figure 2 – Average gravitational acceleration of the three trials.
24. The slope of our graph is 971.64 cm/s^2. We used the IPL
calculator to get the uncertainty of our
calculated gravity, 153.36 cm/s^2. This means our value of
gravity 971.64 cm ±153.36 cm is equal to
9.81m/s^2, so Newton’s second law is verified.
Investigation 2
Setup & Procedure
We used the same set up as Investigation 1, but instead of one
puck we used both pucks Velcroed
together. All setup, procedures, equations, and graphs were the
same as before.
y = 971.64x - 89.683
0
50
100
150
200
250
25. 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
A
cc
e
le
ra
ti
o
n
(
cm
/s
^
2
)
Reduced mass
Table 3 – Displacement and time data from two pucks with
different weights
hanging down. (a) Data from the 50g hanging weight; (b) Data
from the 100g
hanging weight; (c) Data from the 200g hanging weight.
28. 8 5.1 0.0333 0.266 0.3 76.576 4.504
9 5.3 0.0333 0.3 0.3 79.579 4.504
We use the same equations for calculation of velocity and
uncertainty as Investigation 1. Velocity vs.
time was graphed for each of the three weights used, as seen in
Fig. (3).
Figure 3 – Acceleration from pucks using different weights. (a)
Puck acceleration from hanging 50g weight;
(b) Puck acceleration from hanging 100g weight; (c) Puck
acceleration from hanging 200g weight.
Since the uncertainty of velocity did not change at all, the
uncertainty for each slope is still 17.4 cm/s^2.
The acceleration of the pucks was again graphed against
mw/(mp+mw) and error bars and an equation of
the trend line were added.
29. y = 34.535x + 29.446
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
V
e
lo
ci
ty
(
30. cm
/s
)
Time (s)
y = 70.571x + 20.938
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
V
e
lo
ci
ty
(
cm
/s
)
31. Time (s)
y = 98.348x + 50.008
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
V
e
lo
ci
ty
(
32. cm
/s
)
Time (s)
Table 4 – Reduced mass and acceleration data for the double
puck configuration.
Weight added (g)
Reduced mass
mw/(mp+mw) a (cm/s^2) δa (cm/s^2)
50 0.084 34.5 17.4
100 0.120 70.6 17.4
200 0.186 98.3 17.4
Figure 4 – Average gravitational acceleration of the three trials
using two pucks.
Since uncertainties did not change, the uncertainty to Fig. (4) is
again 153.36 cm/s^2. Our graph shows
that our value for gravity of 601.37 ± 153.36 cm/s^2 is not
equal to 9.81 m/s^2. There are many reasons
33. why our value is not equal. It could be off because of the pucks
turned while they were pulled down the
table, which would change some of the linear force into
rotational force and thus reduce acceleration.
Also, the pucks weren’t secured very well with the string and
Velcro tied to it, so that one puck always
lurched forward instead of both pucks traveling together
smoothly. This would greatly affect the spacing
of the spark data points on the table. There may have also been
enough friction on the string against the
pulley to affect the acceleration of the system.
Conclusion
In our first investigation we measured gravity as 971.64 ±
153.36 cm/s^2, which is equal the given value
of 9.81m/s^2. But in our second investigation our gravity of
601.37 ± 153.36 cm/s^2 is not equal to 9.81
m/s^2. Extra forces that we didn’t account for, or rotational
effects, could have decreased the acceleration
of the pucks. Newton’s second law tells us no matter the
amount of weight our gravity should still equal
9.81m/s^2, but that was not the case in our second
investigation. A different method of tying and
34. Velcroing the two pucks together might alleviate the rotational
effects if the experiment was performed
over again.
y = 601.37x - 10.324
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
A
cc
e
le
ra
ti
o
35. n
(
cm
/s
^
2
)
Reduced mass
Questions
1. In each investigation, you measure mass and acceleration.
Which measurement has the greater
percent error? Don’t just say yes or no. Be quantitative in your
answer.
The answer to Question 1 goes here, including all relevant
calculations.
2. Assume that the spark timer error is 1%. Can it be neglected
compared to the error in x?
Explain!
The answer to Question 2 goes here, including all relevant
calculations.
36. 3. What is the acceleration of the system if the hanging mass is
doubled and the puck’s mass is
doubled?
The answer to Question 3 goes here, including all relevant
calculations.
4. What is the acceleration if the hanging mass is doubled and
the puck’s mass is halved?
The answer to Question 4 goes here, including all relevant
calculations.
Acknowledgements
This experiment would not have been possible without the help
of my lab partner, Kevin. I’d also
like to thank my TA, Andrew Taylor, for the valuable help in
understanding how to calculate uncertainty
for both velocity and acceleration.
References
[1] H.Young and R.Freedman, University Physics, 13th edition,
Pearson Education.
[2] O.Batishchev and A.Hyde, Introductory Physics Laboratory,
pp 31-36, Hayden-McNeil, 2015.
