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Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2.
Five stages: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
chalcopyrite azurite malachite
CuFeS 2  = chalcopyrite. % Cu in pure chalcopyrite?
CuFeS 2 Mr = 64+56+32+32 = 184 % by mass = mass of element in 1 mole of compound  x  100 Mr of compound % by mass =  64  x  100  = 35%  184
Open Pit mining. Bingham Canyon Low grade copper Quantities huge Shavings tested Dynamite used Waste to tips
Open Pit mining. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pit crusher
Pit crusher 0.6% Cu 2.5cm pieces
Froth Floatation
Froth Floatation
Froth Floatation Collector (oil) molecules attach themselves to the chalcopyrite grains. The grains are now water-repellent. Air bubbles attract the grains. Froth produced and is pumped away to smelter.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0.6% 30% concentrating
Smelting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cu 2 S  +  O 2      2Cu  +  SO 2 0  -2 -2  +4  +1  0 O S Cu Oxidised or reduced? reduced oxidised reduced What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide?
Cu 2 S   +  O 2      2Cu  +  SO 2 What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide? 160  128  Moles in 1kg 1 mol  2 mol Mass in question Mass in Underline  0.800kg
Smelting Sulphur dioxide made. 30% 99.4% Acid rain Lakes Trees H 2 SO 4
Electrolytic Refining 99.4% 99.98% The copper anodes are already 99.4% copper! The copper cathodes will be 99.98% copper!
 
e - e - Cu e - e - Anode + - Cathode Cu 2+ Cu 2+ Cu Cu Cu 2+ Cu Cu 2+
e - e - Cu e - e - Anode + - Cathode Cu 2+ Cu Cu Cu 2+ Cu Cu 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
e - e - Cu e - e - Anode + - Cathode Cu 2+ Cu 2+ Cu Cu Cu 2+ Cu Cu 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
e - e - Cu e - e - Anode + - Cathode Cu 2+ Cu Cu Cu 2+ Cu Cu 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
e - e - Cu e - e - Anode + - Cathode Cu 2+ Cu 2+ Cu Cu Cu 2+ Cu Cu 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Five stages: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Froth Floatation

  • 1. Copper from deep in the ground. SL M2.
  • 2.
  • 4. CuFeS 2 = chalcopyrite. % Cu in pure chalcopyrite?
  • 5. CuFeS 2 Mr = 64+56+32+32 = 184 % by mass = mass of element in 1 mole of compound x 100 Mr of compound % by mass = 64 x 100 = 35% 184
  • 6. Open Pit mining. Bingham Canyon Low grade copper Quantities huge Shavings tested Dynamite used Waste to tips
  • 7.
  • 9. Pit crusher 0.6% Cu 2.5cm pieces
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Cu 2 S + O 2  2Cu + SO 2 0 -2 -2 +4 +1 0 O S Cu Oxidised or reduced? reduced oxidised reduced What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide?
  • 15. Cu 2 S + O 2  2Cu + SO 2 What mass of copper could be obtained by reducing 1kg of copper (I) sulphide? 160 128 Moles in 1kg 1 mol 2 mol Mass in question Mass in Underline 0.800kg
  • 16. Smelting Sulphur dioxide made. 30% 99.4% Acid rain Lakes Trees H 2 SO 4
  • 17. Electrolytic Refining 99.4% 99.98% The copper anodes are already 99.4% copper! The copper cathodes will be 99.98% copper!
  • 18.  
  • 19. e - e - Cu e - e - Anode + - Cathode Cu 2+ Cu 2+ Cu Cu Cu 2+ Cu Cu 2+
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.

Editor's Notes

  1. What are the most obvious uses for copper – we use it every day. Electrical wiring, plumbing and coins. 15% is recycled copper, the rest is made from reduction of minerals in copper ores.