history of contemporary architecture - 20. Post Modern Movement, High Tech, Postmodern, deconstruction.ppt

Post Modern Movement
High Tech
Postmodernism
De constructivism
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 1

• Postmodernism first appeared in the early 1950’s which featured a wide range of
ideals and practices that are not normally accepted from traditional philosophies.
• Post modernism emerged after they have rejected boring modern functionalism
buildings that appear at this period, so post modernism architecture have merged
between functional plan and the art.
2
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Postmodernism

Postmodernism
Robert Venturi, Michael Graves and Richard Meier.
• Modernism = minimal and true use of material as well as absence of ornament.
• Because of focus on function and economical building
• No ornaments = plain buildings.
• The buildings failed to meet the human need for comfort both for body and for the
eye.
• Modernism did not account for the desire for beauty. The problem worsened when
some already monotonous apartment blocks degenerated into slums.
• Post Modernism want to cure this by reintroducing ornament and decoration.
Form was no longer to be defined by its functional requirements; it could be
anything the architect pleased.
3

Postmodernism
Origins : Failure of Modern Architecture. (Reaction to Modernism)
• Postmodernism = Rejection of rules set by the early modernists and excited in the
use of building techniques, angles, and stylistic references.
• use of sculptural forms, ornaments, and materials.
(creating the illusion of space or depths where none actually exist, as has been done
by painters since the Romans).
4
An icon of post-modernism, created for the architect's
mother, and featured in Venturi's architectural polemic
"Complexity and Contradiction".

So, how do you tell a modernist building from a postmodernist one?
Postmodern buildings
1) Asymmetrical.
2) Ornamented.
Modern buildings
1) usually have a flat
roof.
2) Rectangular shapes, symmetrical

3) acknowledge the other buildings
around it.
3) make minimal use of different
colors and materials
(monochromatic color schemes).
Post modern Buildings
Modern Buildings
4) incorporate multiple styles and
cultural allusions, as well as curved
lines and three-dimensional forms like
sculptures that disrupt the straight lines
and rectangles.
5) present the viewer with a consistent
surface that includes multiple colors and
textures.

Characteristics
7
Frankfurter Messeturm
by Helmut Jahn .
• Diversity of expression.
• Buildings are designed not only to deliver conventional
function but also combined with characteristics of
meaning such as pluralism, irony, paradox, and
contextualize.
• For example, postmodern skyscrapers are adorned with
non-conventional ledges or classical columns, something
unusual for a skyscraper to have.

• Colors of postmodern architecture do not necessarily follow the “color wheel law”
but there is a certain harmony that exudes from it.
• Often, colors are irregular, though following a theme.
• An example for this is the Team Disney Buildings designed by Michael Graves in
1991.
8
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz Michael Graves Designs
Characteristics

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• Juxtaposition of styles: blend of traditional,
contemporary, newly invented forms.
• Exaggerated or abstract
traditional detailing.
• Materials of decoration
drawn from far away
resources .
Characteristics

Postmodernism
Gordon Wu Hall, New Jersey(1983)
Robert Venturi and Denise Scott
Brown
10

Postmodernism
Portland Public Service Building,
Portland, (1980)
Government Offices, MichaelGraves
- Block mass with decorated facades,
criticized for unpleasant interior. Icon of
Post-Modernism
- Ornament is even more prominent.
- The two obtruding triangular forms
are largely ornamental. They exist for
aesthetic or their own purpose.
- Pillars represented on the side of the
building that to some extent appear to be
real, yet they are not
11

High Museum of Art, Atlanta,
Georgia (1983)
Richard Meier
Concrete frame, enameled steel
cladding curved facade to sunny
atrium.
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Postmodernism

HIGH TECH
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- An abbreviation of “High Technology” may be recognized in the “engineering”
architecture of the late nineteenth century (Eiffel Tower) and Russian
Constructivists.
Also known as Structural Expressionism.
- Emerged in the 1970s.
- Incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design
- In the 1980s, many of its themes and ideas were absorbed into the post-modern
style.
- High-tech style aimed to give building an industrial appearance.
- consist of a glass facade, with the building's beams exposed behind it
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HIGH TECH

HIGH-TECH , LATE MODERNISM , STRUCTURAL
EXPRESSION
The Concept Of ECO-Tech Architecture is:
A Symbiosis Of Technology And Architecture Lightness ,
Reflected surfaces,
Ecological,
A Revealed Structure
And Looks Functional But The Structure And Surface Is Expensive At The
Outside And Exception For The Ease Of Replacement And Cleaning And
Maintaining.
The Aim Of This Architectural Trend :
Reducing Energy Consumption And Make The Building Environmentally
Friendly.
15

HIGH-TECH , LATE MODERNISM , STRUCTURAL
EXPRESSION
Principles :
1. Interest In The Functions Of The Building, Technical Components And
Structural Construction Then Integration Among Themselves.
2. Using Pre-fabricated Materials Such As Glass Panels.
3. Glass walls And Steel Frames Become The Most Common.
4. Steel Frames Are Used As Structural Members And Aesthetic Members.
5. The Merger Between The Inner And Outer Perimeter Of The Building So
That The Inside Is Not Cache.
6. All The Parts Visible.
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HIGH TECH
• Renzo Piano (Kansai Airport Terminal, Pompidou Centre)
• Richard Rogers (Pompidou Centre, Lloyd‟s Building)
• Norman Foster (HSBC Headquarters)
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NORMAN FOSTAR
PHILOSOPHY
1. He Believed That The Most Important Things That Must Be Studied In The
Building, The Quality Of Ventilation And Light.
2.There Is a Relationship Between Buildings And Streets.
3. The Influenced By The Quality Of Our Lives Direct Impact As Type
Environment Around Us.
4. He Believes That Mankind Needs Spiritual And Material Are The Foundation
Of Architecture.
5. Lofty Goal For His Designs Is Environmental Awareness.
18

19
John Hancock Center,
Chicago (1970)
Skidmore, Owing & Merill
Bank of China, Hong Kong
(1992) By: I.M. Pei
HIGH TECH

HIGH TECH
Centre Pompidou
Centre Pompidou, Paris, France
(1972-1976) Modern Art Museum
Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers
Massive structural expressionist
cast exoskeleton, "exterior"
escalators enclosed in
transparent tube.
20

The ventilation ducts are all shown
on the outside. This was a radical
design, as previous ventilation
ducts would have been a component
hidden on the inside of the building.
The means of access to the
building is also on the outside,
with the large tube allowing visitors
to enter the building.
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HIGH TECH
Centre Pompidou

Lloyd‟s Building, London, England
(1979-1984) Corporate headquarters, commercial
Richard Rogers
Expressed structure and exposed services as
ornamental order.
The building is noted for its multi-storey, free-standing
escalator array within the atrium; the mechanisms within
are exposed and are punctuated in yellow.
The external windows have triple layered solar control
glass with a ventilated cavity enabling it to refract back
artificial light into the interior. This helps to decrease the
need for light after sunset.
The atrium was influenced by Joseph Paxton's Crystal
Palace of 1851.
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HIGH TECH
Lloyd‟s Building

23
HIGH TECH
Lloyd‟s Building
The building takes its name from one Edward Lloyd who founded a coffee shop on this
site in 1688, from where maritime insurance was conducted.

Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Corp., China
(HSBC) (1979-1986), Bank headquarters
Norman Foster
the building sits on a rare confluence of five “dragon
lines” and enjoys harbour views.
Dramatic exoskeleton trusses, interior atrium,
escalator entry through glazed atrium floor.
Exterior trusses are expressed in the form of giant
steel 'coathangers'.
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HIGH TECH
Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

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HIGH TECH
Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

DECONSTRUCTIVISM/Deconstruction
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 26

DECONSTRUCTIVISM/Deconstruction
• Deconstruction in architecture was appeared in the late 80s of the 20th century.
• Its characteristic feature is the idea of fragmentation.
• It also manipulates the surface and the cover of the construction.
• It is dominated by curvilinear shapes, which are supposed to disturb and
dislocate the skeleton of the object.
• The structure of the building has a feeling of controlled chaos and stimulating
unpredictability.
27

DECONSTRUCTIVISM
• Attempted to deconstruct architecture by ‘exploding the building’, its elements, or the
design idea from within to without, resulting in a style that is non-systematic and
unorthodox.
Deconstruction philosophy
It was influenced by the formal experimentations and geometric imbalances of Russian
constructivism.
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Characteristics
• Exploding and distorting architectural forms into fragments.
• Non rectilinear shapes.
• Avoid traditional architecture and the idea of continuity, simplicity and stability shapes.
• Complexity can be observed in this style.
• Non- rationalist architecture.
• Rejecting 90 Degree angle.
• Dynamic masses.
• Chaos architecture.
• This style is not consistent with the nature.
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM

Deconstruction pioneers
• Zaha Hadid
• Daniel Libeskind
• Peter Eisenman
• Frank Gehry
• Bernard Tschumi
• Philip Johnson
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM

31
ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM
Toronto, Canada
Architect Daniel Libeskind
NEUES FUSSBALL STADION
Munich Germany
Architect Peter Eisenman
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

32
ABU DHABI PERFORMING ART CENTRE
Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi
Architect Zaha Hadid
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
Bilbao,Spain
Architect Frank Gehry
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Philip Johnson
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Chainlink Garden Pavilion

DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Philip Johnson
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Da Monsta - Gate House, New Canaan, Connecticut
Johnson intended Da Monsta, which he named in a nod to hip-hop idiom, as a
future visitors' center.
The building is composed of a three-dimensional wire grid with concrete on
the outside, Styrofoam in the middle, and plaster on the interior.

Coop Himmelb(l)au (Blue-Sky Cons. Coorporative)
Group of Viennese Architects
Vienna,Austria
35
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
BMW Headquarters in Munich,
2007
UFA CINEMA CENTER, Dresden
Germany 1998

• Asymmetrical structures are often
generated to strive freedom from a given
formal style.
• They create open plan, open minded
and open ended’ made up of complex,
undefined spaces.
•
• Every building project became
autonomous, left to the unbridled fantasy
of its designer.
36
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Law office in Falkenstrabe(Vienna.
1988. Coop Himmelblau) This roof
office with an overhanging framework
combines and reinterprets the
Postmodern and High Tech
approaches.

Frank O‟Gehry
Characteristics:
- Unbalanced appearance of its
whole composition.
- Disharmonious abstract
form.
- Disjointed angles.
- Sharp angles, shards and
pointed forms.
- Irregularity is real.
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Nationale Nederlanden
Head Office,
Czech Republic, 1996
Frank.O. Gehry.

38
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Vitra Design Museum (Germany. 2006. Frank O.
Gehry.)takes the typical unadorned white cube of
modernist art galleries and deconstructs it, using
geometries reminiscent of cubism and abstract
expressionism.
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao,
Spain, 1993–98
Frank.O. Gehry
Frank O‟Gehry

Rem Koolhass
-Attempted to deconstruct architecture by
“exploding the building‟, its elements, or
the design idea from within to without,
resulting in a style that is non-systematic
and unorthodox.
- Deconstructivity buildings thus appear as a
metaphor for the contemporary world
and implicitly criticize the view of the
International style, wild pieces of
decontextualized egotism.
39
DECONSTRUCTIVISM

40
Seattle Public Library,2004
Washington, USA
Rem Koolhass
DECONSTRUCTIVISM

41
Rem Koolhass
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
The „Casa da Musica‟, 2001
Portugal

42
Rem Koolhass
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
CCTV building , Beijing,
China

- Approach to building design that view
architecture in bits and pieces.
- The basic elements of architecture are
dismantled.
- Deconstructivist buildings may seem to
have no visual logic.
- May appear to be made up of
unrelated, disharmonious abstract
forms.
- Deconstructive ideas are borrowed from
the French philosopher Jacques
Derrida.
43
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
ZahaHadid

44
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
ZahaHadid
Pierres Vives Building, France, Zaha Hadid, 2006.

45
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
ZahaHadid
The Peak Competition, Hong Kong, Zaha Hadid, 1982.
Zaha Hadid, Vitra Firestation design study,
1990:

46
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
ZahaHadid
Vitra Fire Station. Germany, 1994
ZahaHadid

Bernard Tschumi “form follows
fiction”
Swiss architect
Principles of showing off, with
concept of “disturb perfection‟
through its development to create a
new structural form which might be
different from others.
An elegant designer of buildings that
result in smooth, precise
structures on the outside, and
warmth and familiarity on the
inside. He creates spaces that do not
impose on their occupants; believing
in the simplicity fine architecture.
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM

Bernard Tschumi
48
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
BLUE RESIDENTIALTOWER
New York City

Bernard Tschumi
49
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
a specific aim: to prove
that it is possible to
construct a complex
architectural
organization without
resorting to
traditional rules of
composition, hierarchy
and order
Parc de la Villette
Paris, 1982-1998

Daniel Libeskind
(1946), Polish American architect.
• known in reflecting his complex ideas and emotions into his designs.
• He first studied music then began to study architecture.
• He received a master’s degree in the history and theory of architecture.
• He became known as an academic.
• Mr. Libeskind aims to create architecture that is sonorous, marvelous and
sustainable.
50
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Daniel Libeskind Projects
51
THE RUN SHAW CREATIVE MEDIA CENTRE
Hong Kong, China
JEWISH MUSEUM BERLIN
Berlin, Germany
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

52
EXTENSION TO THE DENVER ART MUSEUM,
FREDERIC C. HAMILTON BUILDING
Denver, CO
2006
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

THE VILLA – LIBESKIND SIGNATURE SERIES
“This is really the first time I have taken on the issue of doing something which is a limited
artistic edition of a new space, a new way of living….I did everything in reverse in my
career. Most people start with small projects and go on to design a museum. I started
with a museum,” Daniel Libeskind
53
Germany, 515 sqm, 2009
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Materials
- Glass Façade : Mr. Libeskind used
glass expanses which let the light to
flood into the villa. Using these glass
façade lead to make a connection
between The Villa and the nature, and
offering an vast natural light and open
spaces.
- Recyclable Wooden Fibers:
The villa is constructed of recyclable
wood. The wooden core offers
maximum thermal insulation, and thus
efficient operation.
54
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

- Standing-Seam Zinc Façade: The
Villa’s exterior is clad by standing-seam
zinc façade, which enables the use of
21st Century technologies such as a
solar thermal system and a rain
water harvesting system. Zinc
cladding made by leading German zinc
manufacturer Rheinzink.
- The aluminum façade, adorned with
mullions: Offers maximum thermal
insulation, noise reduction and weather
resistance.
55
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

56
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Characteristics
• Libeskind style brings the sharp angle,
toughness and dramatic design.
• Dynamic plan reflected on the façade.
• Functionality.
• Energy save standards were used (Low
energy structure).
• Geometric spaces.
• Sustainability.
• Connection with the nature( high
transparency).
57
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Characteristics
• Rich and comfortable interior.
• Reflecting the dramatic design in
theindoor by using spiraling, two-story
peaks and secluded terraces with
artistic grace.
• Mr. Libeskind followed two styles: His
own style (dynamic, sculptural) and
casual style (connection with the
nature, warm design).
• Chaos and complexity are observed in
The Villa project.
58
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Housing Bank For Trade And Finance
• Location: Abdoun, Amman, Jordan
• Area: 12,000 sqm
• Year : 2008-2010
59
* Note: Love Joy Company started with the primary design for “Housing bank
for trade and finance”, then Al-Bitar Consultants have made the design
development and supervision on this project.

Materials
• Glass Façade : Al-Bitar also used glass expanses which let the light to flood the
Housing Bank. And obviously there is a strong connection between the Abdoun
Garden and Housing Bank because of using these glass expanses. Using glass
façade gives the bank an open spaces.
• Alucobond sheet Façade: Al- Bitar used Alucobond sheet to clad the façade,which
characterized in design flexibility, light weight, strong at low temperature, high
reflectivity, fire safety and optimal security.
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

61
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Characteristics
• Functionality.
• Dynamic building.
• Connection between indoor and outdoor by
using glass façade .
• They give attention to the landscape.
• High reflectivity building.
• High transparency.
• Light structure
• Toughness and sharp façade.
• High thermal insulation because of using double
glazed glass.
• Sustainability.
• Comfortable interior design.
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DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Examples

Thank you 
63

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