Here are my slides for my recent guest lecture to Computer Science MSc students at Loughborough University. In this talk I introduce some of the key concepts around cloud computing, and show how major players like Google have built industrial scale data centres with their own bespoke technologies. I also explore the role of Linux in cloud computing, and look at opportunities for computer scientists to get involved in cloud computing in each of its facets - Infrastructure, Platform and Software as a Service

1. Introduction to
Cloud Computing
#COP449
Martin Hamilton
Head of Internet
Services
http://martinh.net
@martin_hamilton
Picture credit: ZDNet / CNET News.com

2. Picture credit: ZDNet / CNET News.com

3. Picture credit: University of Stanford Infolab

4. Picture credit: University of Stanford Infolab

5. Picture credit: CNET

6. Picture credit: Google

7. Picture credit: Google
Picture credit: Google

8. Picture credit: Google

9. Picture credit: Stephen Shankland, CNET

10. Picture credit: Dell

11. http://youtu.be/zRwPSFpLX8I
Video credit: Google

13. Picture credit: Eliott C. Back

14. Picture credit: Sam Costello, about.com

15. Picture credit: rptech-world.com

16. Picture credit: rptech-world.com

17. Linux powers:
Google, Amazon,
Facebook, eBay etc
Your TV, set top box,
wireless router
>500 million Android
phones and tablets
Picture credit: rptech-world.com

18. http://youtu.be/yVpbFMhOAwE
Video credit: Linux Foundation

19. Promise of Utility Computing:
• Provision service rapidly
• Flexibility over scaling
• Reduce headcount, power bill,
cooling requirements
• Convert capital expenditure into
operating expenditure
• Concentrate on stuff that genuinely
adds value

20. Promise of Utility Computing:

21. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
o Bring Your Own OS, software, etc
o Public, private, hybrid clouds
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
o APIs and standards to code against
Software as a Service (SaaS)
o Typically admin dashboard + user
facing Web services

22. http://goo.gl/mosw6

23. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
o Bring Your Own OS, software, etc
o Public, private, hybrid clouds
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
o APIs and standards to code against
Software as a Service (SaaS)
o Typically admin dashboard + user
facing Web services

24. IaaS: Hybrid Cloud Example
Slide credit: Phil Richards

25. IaaS: Hybrid Cloud Example
Slide credit: Phil Richards

26. IaaS Opportunities
• Capacity planning needed to assess
resource for move into the cloud
• Server virtualization expertise
• Data centre design and build
• Sysadmins to run operating systems,
install and maintain software etc
• Hot topic: Live migration of workloads
between containers

27. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
o Bring Your Own OS, software, etc
o Public, private, hybrid clouds
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
o APIs and standards to code against
Software as a Service (SaaS)
o Typically admin dashboard + user
facing Web services

28. PaaS Opportunities
• Building APIs and data models
• Developing and extending existing
open source code, e.g. Hadoop
• Writing applications against these
APIs, e.g. Google AppEngine,
Amazon Web Services
• Selling cloud applications, e.g.
Google Apps Marketplace

29. PaaS: Google API example

30. $options = array(
'requestScheme' => Zend_Oauth::REQUEST_SCHEME_HEADER,
'version' => '1.0',
'signatureMethod' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'consumerKey' => $CONSUMER_KEY,
'consumerSecret' => $CONSUMER_SECRET
);
$config = new Zend_Oauth_Consumer($options);
$token = new Zend_Oauth_Token_Access();
$httpClient = $token->getHttpClient($options);
$client = new Zend_Gdata_Docs($httpClient);
$feed = $client->getDocumentListFeed(
'https://docs.google.com/feeds/documents/private/full?
xoauth_requestor_id=' . urlencode($email_address));
foreach ($feed->entries as $entry) {
$title = $entry->title;
# etc
}

31. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
o Bring Your Own OS, software, etc
o Public, private, hybrid clouds
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
o APIs and standards to code against
Software as a Service (SaaS)
o Typically admin dashboard + user
facing Web services

32. SaaS example: Google Apps
Gmail Huge inbox with search: keep and find everything.
Talk Business class IM and VC as easy as email.
Groups Let users easily create and work in teams.
Calendar Make sharing calendars and schedules easy.
Docs Makes collaborating as easy as creating
Sites Allow users to manage their own sites.
Postini Security and compliance solutions.
Marketplace Extend the functionality of Google Apps
Slide credit: Ross Mahon, Google

33. Extending Google Apps
Slide credit: Ross Mahon, Google

34. Continuous Innovation
Discussions
Apps for Chrome for in Docs
60+ new
Apps Business
Apps
Docs Cloud
Chrome
Priority Chrome
Mobile Connect 4
Browser
Inbox books
Editing Office
2010 2011
218 feature releases 95 so far…
2008 2009 . 2010 2011
150+ releases
68 releases 116 releases 217 releases
already!
Slide credit: Ross Mahon, Google

35. Value Stream Mapping

36. Value Stream Mapping

37. SaaS Opportunities
• Migration assistance
• Systems integration, e.g. use APIs to
import/export data
• Day-to-day administration
• Use APIs to extend existing services,
e.g. Gmail contextual gadgets
• Develop new SaaS offerings
o It's just a website, really :-)

38. Photo licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License, from
angrykeyboarder

39. RMS:
GNU Emacs
GNU make
gcc / gdb
Copyleft / GPL
Photo licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License, from
angrykeyboarder

40. A Contrary Viewpoint
"If you use a
proprietary program
or somebody else's
web server, you're
defenceless. You're
putty in the hands
of whoever developed
that software."
Photo licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License, from
angrykeyboarder

41. http://youtu.be/aXV-yaFmQNk
Video credit: UserExperienceWorks YouTube user

42. Introduction to
Cloud Computing
#COP449
Martin Hamilton
Head of Internet
Services
http://martinh.net
@martin_hamilton
Picture credit: ZDNet / CNET News.com