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DB2 pureScale
         Technology preview




                                                          CRISTIAN MOLARO
                                                                Belgium 2009
0                                                             © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




    DISCLAIMER
      T
        HE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS PROVIDED FOR
    INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. WHILE EFFORTS WERE MADE TO VERIFY
    THE COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN
    THIS PRESENTATION, IT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
    KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. IN ADDITION, THIS INFORMATION IS BASED ON
    IBM’S CURRENT PRODUCT PLANS AND STRATEGY, WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO
    CHANGE BY IBM WITHOUT NOTICE. THE AUTHOR SHALL NOT BE
    RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF, OR
    OTHERWISE RELATED TO, THIS PRESENTATION OR ANY OTHER
    DOCUMENTATION
      T
        he content of this presentation is based on information provided by
    IBM to the general public or trough the IBM Information Champion
    program ! there is no guaranty on the correctness of the contents or the
    comments expressed during this presentation
      M
        y opinions are mine


1                                                             © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Agenda


     P
       URESCALE AT A GLANCE
      –  GOALS
      –  ARCHITECTURE
     H
       OW IT WORKS
      –  TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTS
      –  CAPACITY
      –  AVAILABILITY
     C
       ONCLUSIONS



2                               © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




      What is it?

      pureScale at a glance


3                               © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
DB2 pureScale goals
     T
       oday’s business:
      –  Down-time is not acceptable
      –  Dynamic capacity / capacity on demand / license costs
      –  Application changes are expensive
     C
       ontinuous availability
      –  Deliver uninterrupted access to data
      –  Online recover, WLB, stealth maintenance
     H
       igh + flexible capacity
      –  Start with today’s capacity requirements
      –  Add capacity as business needs grow
      –  More granular licensing costs management
     A
       pplication transparency
      –  Avoid the risk and cost of application changes
      –  Scale without application impact
4                                                                © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




    DB2 pureScale at a glance

     D
       B2 pureScale is a new optional DB2 feature
     D
       ata Sharing Cluster configuration
      –  multiple database servers + multiple DB2 sharing data and
         logs
     “
       Leverage” of DB2 for z/OS data sharing technology
     S
       ome benefits are:
      –  allows dynamic and easy capacity changes to cope with
         business requirements
      –  provides very convenient continuous availability features
      –  application transparency
      –  DBA friendly package solution

5                                                                © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
More about pureScale
     D
       B2 pureScale would be deployed as follows:
      –  v 9.7 ! continue with normal fixpack stream but does not include
         pureScale
      –  v 9.8 ! only for pureScale
      –  v 10 ! pureScale integrated as additional feature of DB2 ESE
     P
       ricing
      –  DB2 licenses do not apply to powerHA pureScale servers
      –  Get advantage of easy scalability: pay extra capacity charges only
         when needed, i.e. end of the year processing
      –  Of course: contact your friendly IBM representative for details…




6                                                            © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




    pureScale is a new technology…

     A
       t the date of this presentation, pureScale is not GA
     I
      nitial release December 2009
      –  Limited to AIX and IBM power hardware
      –  Some features not supported (XML, MDC…)
      –  Focus on OLTP and ERP
      –  Tools integration, PE: 1st or 2nd quarter 2010
      –  Linux may be supported in the future
     E
       xpect to see integration with HADR




7                                                            © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
pureScale architecture


        S
          ingle entry point + WLB
        D
          B2 cluster services
                                               CS       CS         CS
        D
          B2 v9.8
                                               DB2     DB2         DB2
        I
         nfiniBand + RDMA
        I
         BM Power6 + AIX
        p
          owerHA pureScale            CS                                      CS
                                              Log      Log         Log
        S
          hared Data + GPFS
                                      CF                                       CF

                                                       Data




8                                                             © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




    Highlights
      A
        lot of efforts were done in order to isolate the DBA from the
    implementation technical details
       –  powerHA pureScale policies are predefined, no DBA intervention
          required
       –  single command addition or removal of cluster’s members
      E
        asy migration: does not require data movement
       –  2 paths: GPFS and NOT GPFS
      N
        ot exactly the same as z/OS data sharing
       –  Sysplex timer functionalities are software implemented
       –  Cannot run a member in different DB2 versions
       –  pureScale is NOT a replacement of z/OS data sharing!



9                                                             © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Availability & capacity
      A
        rchitected for no single point of failure
        –  Automatic workload balancing
        –  Duplexed global lock and memory manager
        –  Tivoli System Automation automatically handles all
           component failures ! DB2 pureScale stays up even
                                                                               CS         CS
           with multiple node failures
        –  Shared disk failure handled using disk replication                 DB2         DB2
           technology
      C
        apacity
        –  DB2 pureScale has been designed to grow with            CS
                                                                              Log         Log
           business requirements
        –  Flexible licensing designed for minimizing costs of     CF
           peak times
                                                                                          Data
        –  Only pay for additional capacity when you use it even
           if for only a single day
10                                                                 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     Other technologies?
      D
        B2 HADR?
        –  Not a replacement of HADR
        –  Not integration (yet) ! DR based on disk technology, for example
           SRDF
      D
        B2 DPF?
        –  pureScale focused on OLTP and ERP workload where CPU is
           normally the bottleneck ! provides easily scalable CPU
           processing power
        –  DPF is a shared nothing cluster configuration ! could be better for
           Data Warehouse workloads
      O
        RACLE RAC?
        –  pureScale is probably a better solution than RAC


11                                                                 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Inter-node communication
       p
         ureScale: central locking and     O
                                             ther database cluster may
      memory manager                     require CPU intensive inter-node
                                         communication




12                                                          © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     Scalability: example
      I
       BM benchmark:
       –  95% scalability ! 32 members
       –  81% scalability ! 112 members




13                                                          © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Technology fundations

          How it works


14                                                          © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     pureScale technical overview
                                        C
                                          lient workload balancing
                                          –  Single database view
                                          –  Can create member affinity
                                          –  Connection and txn level WLB and ACR
                                        D
                                          B2 engine runs on >1 hosts
                                          –  Independent bufferpools, logs, memory
                                        I
                                         ntegrated cluster services (CS)
              CS      CS     CS           –  Part of the solution
                                          –  Failure detection, recovery automation,
              DB2    DB2     DB2             cluster file system
                                        H
                                          igh speed interconnection
                                          –  InfiniBand and RDMA
                                        P
                                          owerHA pureScale (CF)
     CS                            CS     –  Global locking and buffer management
             Log     Log     Log
                                          –  Support synchronous duplexing for high
     CF                            CF        availability
                                        D
                                          ata sharing architecture
                     Data                 –  Data and logs accessible by every
                                             member
                                          –  GPFS technology

15                                                          © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
GPFS: General Parallel File System
                                  P
                                    rovides file system services to parallel and serial
                                applications running on multiple nodes
                                   A
                                     llows parallel applications simultaneous access to the same
                                files, or different files, from any node that has the GPFS file
                                system
                                   E
                                     ach node that has a GPFS file system mounted must be
                                able to communicate with all storage devices that are part of
                                this file system
                                    R
                                      equisite for DB2 pureScale
                                    I
                                     nstallation does configure but doesn’t install GPFS
                                    2
                                      migration paths based on current GPFS use or not
                                    M
                                      ore information:
                                       –  GPFS V3.1 Advanced Administration Guide, SC23-5182-00
                                       –  GPFS V3.1 Administration and Programming Reference, SA23-2221-00
                                       –  GPFS V3.1 Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide, GA76-0413-00


16                                                                                    © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     CS: DB2 Cluster Services
                                                     I
                                                      ntegrated DB2 component
                                                     S
                                                       ingle install as part of DB2 installation
                                                      U
                                                        pgrades and maintenance through DB2
                                                   fixpacks
                                                     D
                                                       B2 Cluster Services:
                                                       –  Reliable Scalable Cluster Technology

                                              CS       –  Tivoli Systems Automation for Multi-Platforms
                                                       –  IBM General Parallel File System
                                                       –  DB2 CS tightly integrates these IBM products into
                                                          DB2 pureScale
                                                       –  DB2 instance creation creates RSCT and GPFS
                                                          domains across hosts
            Cluster Manager (RSCT)
        Cluster Automation (Tivoli SA MP)              –  Single command used to add hosts to the instance:
                     GPFS
                                                           db2iupdt –add -m newhost.toto.be db2inst1
                                                       –  Install includes DB2, PowerHA pureScale and DB2
                                                          Cluster Services




17                                                                                    © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Members                                              A
                                                            member is a DB2 engine address space
                                                             –  i.e. Db2sysc process and its threads
                                                          M
                                                            embers share data
                                                             –  All members access the same shared
                                                                database
                                                             –  Logs are individual per DB2 but accessible to
                                                                all the members
     Member 0                 Member 1
                                                          E
                                                            ach member has own structures:
         db2sysc process          db2sysc process
                                                             –  Bufferpools
         db2 agents &             db2 agents &
         other threads            other threads              –  Memory regions
                                                             –  Log files

                    heaps                    heaps
                                                          M
                                                            embers are logical:
                buggerpools              buggerpools
                                                             –  Can implement 1 per host ! recommended
                                                             –  Can implement >1 per host ! not
                                                                recommended
                                                          A
                                                            ll members are at the same software level
                                                          A
                                                            dd / remove members using db2iupdt
18                                                                                                   © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     InfiniBand
                                   H
                                     igh speed and low latency network transport protocol used
                                to connect system nodes in HPC and Large Enterprise Servers
                                    F
                                      abric architecture supporting up to
                                          –  40Gb/s host connectivity and
                                          –  120Gb/s switch to switch links
                                          –  measured delays of 1!s end to end

                                    P
                                      rovides direct support of Remote Direct Memory Access
                                    P
                                      roblem: Network CPU limits CPU bound applications’ throughput


                                                           Receiving host
                                                                               Network
                                                                               adapter


                                                             Memory            Chipset         CPU

                                                                            Memory-copy flow

                                    S
                                      olution: InfiniBand adapters + RDMA provides zero-copy
                                functionality

19                                                                                                   © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
InfiniBand and RDMA
                             R
                               DMA:
                               –  A direct memory access from the memory of one computer into
                                  that of another without involving either one's operating system
                               –  Bypasses the kernel interactions and IP stack on the server
                                  allowing the access to take place without interrupting the
                                  processing of the CPU

                                                    Memory             Chipset      CPU

                                                                       Network
                                                  Sending host         adapter


                                                  Receiving host
                                                                       Network
                                                                       adapter


                                                    Memory             Chipset      CPU

                                                                   Zero-copy flow

                             L
                               ess than 10 µS between any two elements without involving
                           the CPU in the network data transfer
20                                                                                  © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     powerHA pureScale
                                               S
                                                 oftware implementation of System z
                                             Parallel Sysplex & Coupling Facility
                                             technology
                                              A
                                                ssists in global bufferpool coherency
                                             management and global locking
                                               S
                                                 ervices provided include:
                                                  –  Group Bufferpool (GBP)
                                                  –  Global Lock Management (GLM)
                                                  –  Shared Communication Area (SCA)
                                               S
                                                 ynchronous duplexing of structures to
         GBP GLMCF SCA
              CF
           GBP GLM SCA                       primary and secondary CF
                                                  –  Done by members
                                                  –  Optional but highly recommended
                                                  –  Set up automatically by default
     Primary
               Secondary

21                                                                                  © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
The role of the GBP
                                                           A
                                                             cts as fast disk cache
                                                             –  Dirty pages stored in GBP ! later written to disk
                                                             –  Provides fast retrieval of such pages when
                        DB2                    DB2              needed ! hot pages available without disk I/O
                   bufferpool               bufferpool       –  RDMA and dedicated thread allows read page
     Update
      page                                                      operations in 10s of µS
                                                           I
                                                            ncludes a page registry
                                                             –  Keeps track of what pages are buffered in each
                                Read                            member and at what memory address
                                page      ”Silent”
           Write page                     invalidation
                                                             –  Used for fast “silent” invalidation of such pages
                                                                when they are written to the GBP ! no CPU
                                                                cycles on impacted members
                          GBP      GLM     SCA
                                                           F
                                                             ORCE-AT-COMMIT (FAC) protocol
                                   CF                        –  DB2 forces writes of updates pages to the GBP
                                                                at COMMIT, or before
                                                             –  GBP synchronously invalidates any copies of
          Page
        registry                                                such pages on other members
                                                             –  New references to the page on other members
                                                                will retrieve a new copy from the GBP
                                                             –  In progress references to the page can continue

22                                                                                        © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     The role of the GLM
                                                           G
                                                             rants locks to members upon request
                                                             –  If not already held by another member, or
                                                                held in a compatible mode
                        DB2                    DB2
                    Lock Mgr                Lock Mgr
                                                           M
                                                             aintains global lock state
     Update
      page         bufferpool               bufferpool       –  Which member has what lock, in what
                                                                mode
                                   Read                      –  Interest list of pending lock requests for
                                   page
                                                                each lock
                                          ”Silent”
           Write page                     invalidation
                                                           G
                                                             rants pending lock requests when
                                                         available
                          GBP      GLM     SCA
                                                             –  Using asynchronous notification

                                   CF                      W
                                                             hen a member owns a lock it may grant
                                                         further locally
          Page                                             L
                                                             ock avoidance
        registry
                                                             –  DB2 avoids lock request when log
                      Global                                    sequence number in page header indicates
                   lock state                                   no update on the page could be committed

23                                                                                        © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Client connectivity and Workload Balancing
      R
        untime load information used to balance load across members
        –  Load information of all members kept on each member
        –  Information sent to the client regularly
        –  Support for transaction level routing for selected SQL
      F
        ailover: load of failed member evenly distributed to other members
      F
        allback: once the failed member is back ! inverse process




      O
        ptional affinity to host: set via client configuration

24                                                                                           © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     Adding capacity
                               I
                                nitial installation
                                   –    DBA verifies pre-requisites: AIX, hosts on the network, access to shared disks
                                        enabled, etc
                                   –    DBA copies the pureScale install image to the Install Initiating Host
                                   –    DB2 installs the code on the specified hosts using a response file
                                   –    DB2 creates the instance, members and CFs as directed via GUI
                                   –    DB2 adds all members, CFs, hosts, HCA cards, etc. to the domain resources
                                   –    DB2 creates the cluster file system and sets up each member’s access to it
                               A
                                 dd a member
                                   –    DBA verifies pre-requisite for new host
                                   –    DBA adds the member
                                        db2iupdt –add –m <MemHostName> InstName
                                   –    DB2 does all tasks to add the member to the cluster:
                                          •  Copies the image and response file to new member
                                          •  Runs install
                                          •  Adds new member to the resources for the instance
                                          •  Sets up access to the cluster file system for new member
                               A
                                 lso possible:
                                   –    Drop member
                                   –    Add / drop CF



25                                                                                           © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Stealth System Maintenance
                    G
                      oal:
                      –  Allow DBAs to apply system maintenance
                         without negotiating an outage windows
         !          P
                      rocedure:
                      –  Quiesce the member
                      –  Remove and maintain
                      –  Re-integrate

          !           –  Repeat until done
                    M
                      inimize the Impact of Planned Outages
                    K
                      eep the system up
                      –  During OS fixes
                      –  HW updates
                      –  Administration



26                                                   © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     Member / CF Failure
                      R
                        estart “light”
                        –  Software failure ! Member restarted on
                           Home host
                        –  Hardware failure ! Member restarted on



        !
                           guest host
                      O
                        nline recovery:
                        –  Automated failure detection and recovery :
                           about seconds
                        –  Redistribute workload to surviving nodes
                           immediately


              !       P
                        –  Only data IN FLIGHT in failing member
                           remains locked during automated recovery
                        rimary PowerHA pureScale Failure
                        –  Secondary CF assumes primary role with no
                           or minimal impact on application RT

27                                                   © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Single failures summary

                                 Other members    Automatic &
               Failure
                                 remain online?   transparent?


                   !
                                      "                "


                         !
                                      "                "

                                      "                "
           !
28                                                © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     Multiple failures summary

                                 Other members    Automatic &
               Failure
                                 remain online?   transparent?


               ! !
                                      "                "

               ! !
                         !
                                      "                "

               ! !
                                      "                "
           !
29                                                © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Monitoring
      S
        upport of PE expected for 1st / 2nd quarter 2010
      C
        ommands:
         > db2start
         12/13/2009 09:52:59 0 0 SQL1063N   DB2START processing   was   successful.
         12/13/2009 09:53:00 1 0 SQL1063N   DB2START processing   was   successful.
         12/13/2009 09:53:01 2 0 SQL1063N   DB2START processing   was   successful.
         12/13/2008 09:53:01 3 0 SQL1063N   DB2START processing   was   successful.
         SQL1063N DB2START processing was   successful.




         > db2instance -list
         ID TYPE STATE     HOME_HOST   CURRENT_HOST   ALERT
         0 MEMBER STARTED host0        host0          NO
         1 MEMBER STARTED host1        host1          NO
         2 MEMBER STARTED host2        host2          NO
         3 MEMBER STARTED host3        host3          NO
         4 CF     PRIMARY host4        host4          NO
         5 CF     PEER     host5       host5          NO




30                                                                         © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




       Final thoughts and

       Conclusions


31                                                                         © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
Agenda


      P
        URESCALE AT A GLANCE
       –  GOALS
       –  ARCHITECTURE
      H
        OW IT WORKS
       –  TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTS
       –  CAPACITY
       –  AVAILABILITY
      C
        ONCLUSIONS & SUMMARY



32                                                    © 2009 cristian@molaro.be




     Conclusions & summary



      D
        B2 for z/OS Data Sharing leveraged into DB2 AIX
       –  State of the art high availability option
       –  Unique scalability features
      D
        esigned to be a better option than ORACLE RAC
      D
        BA friendly
      A
        pplication friendly
      F
        urther hardware and software support in the future




33                                                    © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
cristian@molaro.be

     THANKS!


34                        © 2009 cristian@molaro.be

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DB2 pureScale Technology Preview

  • 1. DB2 pureScale Technology preview CRISTIAN MOLARO Belgium 2009 0 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be DISCLAIMER T   HE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. WHILE EFFORTS WERE MADE TO VERIFY THE COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION, IT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. IN ADDITION, THIS INFORMATION IS BASED ON IBM’S CURRENT PRODUCT PLANS AND STRATEGY, WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE BY IBM WITHOUT NOTICE. THE AUTHOR SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF, OR OTHERWISE RELATED TO, THIS PRESENTATION OR ANY OTHER DOCUMENTATION T   he content of this presentation is based on information provided by IBM to the general public or trough the IBM Information Champion program ! there is no guaranty on the correctness of the contents or the comments expressed during this presentation M   y opinions are mine 1 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 2. Agenda P   URESCALE AT A GLANCE –  GOALS –  ARCHITECTURE H   OW IT WORKS –  TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTS –  CAPACITY –  AVAILABILITY C   ONCLUSIONS 2 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be What is it? pureScale at a glance 3 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 3. DB2 pureScale goals T   oday’s business: –  Down-time is not acceptable –  Dynamic capacity / capacity on demand / license costs –  Application changes are expensive C   ontinuous availability –  Deliver uninterrupted access to data –  Online recover, WLB, stealth maintenance H   igh + flexible capacity –  Start with today’s capacity requirements –  Add capacity as business needs grow –  More granular licensing costs management A   pplication transparency –  Avoid the risk and cost of application changes –  Scale without application impact 4 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be DB2 pureScale at a glance D   B2 pureScale is a new optional DB2 feature D   ata Sharing Cluster configuration –  multiple database servers + multiple DB2 sharing data and logs “   Leverage” of DB2 for z/OS data sharing technology S   ome benefits are: –  allows dynamic and easy capacity changes to cope with business requirements –  provides very convenient continuous availability features –  application transparency –  DBA friendly package solution 5 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 4. More about pureScale D   B2 pureScale would be deployed as follows: –  v 9.7 ! continue with normal fixpack stream but does not include pureScale –  v 9.8 ! only for pureScale –  v 10 ! pureScale integrated as additional feature of DB2 ESE P   ricing –  DB2 licenses do not apply to powerHA pureScale servers –  Get advantage of easy scalability: pay extra capacity charges only when needed, i.e. end of the year processing –  Of course: contact your friendly IBM representative for details… 6 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be pureScale is a new technology… A   t the date of this presentation, pureScale is not GA I  nitial release December 2009 –  Limited to AIX and IBM power hardware –  Some features not supported (XML, MDC…) –  Focus on OLTP and ERP –  Tools integration, PE: 1st or 2nd quarter 2010 –  Linux may be supported in the future E   xpect to see integration with HADR 7 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 5. pureScale architecture S   ingle entry point + WLB D   B2 cluster services CS CS CS D   B2 v9.8 DB2 DB2 DB2 I  nfiniBand + RDMA I  BM Power6 + AIX p   owerHA pureScale CS CS Log Log Log S   hared Data + GPFS CF CF Data 8 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Highlights A   lot of efforts were done in order to isolate the DBA from the implementation technical details –  powerHA pureScale policies are predefined, no DBA intervention required –  single command addition or removal of cluster’s members E   asy migration: does not require data movement –  2 paths: GPFS and NOT GPFS N   ot exactly the same as z/OS data sharing –  Sysplex timer functionalities are software implemented –  Cannot run a member in different DB2 versions –  pureScale is NOT a replacement of z/OS data sharing! 9 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 6. Availability & capacity A   rchitected for no single point of failure –  Automatic workload balancing –  Duplexed global lock and memory manager –  Tivoli System Automation automatically handles all component failures ! DB2 pureScale stays up even CS CS with multiple node failures –  Shared disk failure handled using disk replication DB2 DB2 technology C   apacity –  DB2 pureScale has been designed to grow with CS Log Log business requirements –  Flexible licensing designed for minimizing costs of CF peak times Data –  Only pay for additional capacity when you use it even if for only a single day 10 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Other technologies? D   B2 HADR? –  Not a replacement of HADR –  Not integration (yet) ! DR based on disk technology, for example SRDF D   B2 DPF? –  pureScale focused on OLTP and ERP workload where CPU is normally the bottleneck ! provides easily scalable CPU processing power –  DPF is a shared nothing cluster configuration ! could be better for Data Warehouse workloads O   RACLE RAC? –  pureScale is probably a better solution than RAC 11 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 7. Inter-node communication p   ureScale: central locking and O   ther database cluster may memory manager require CPU intensive inter-node communication 12 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Scalability: example I  BM benchmark: –  95% scalability ! 32 members –  81% scalability ! 112 members 13 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 8. Technology fundations How it works 14 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be pureScale technical overview C   lient workload balancing –  Single database view –  Can create member affinity –  Connection and txn level WLB and ACR D   B2 engine runs on >1 hosts –  Independent bufferpools, logs, memory I  ntegrated cluster services (CS) CS CS CS –  Part of the solution –  Failure detection, recovery automation, DB2 DB2 DB2 cluster file system H   igh speed interconnection –  InfiniBand and RDMA P   owerHA pureScale (CF) CS CS –  Global locking and buffer management Log Log Log –  Support synchronous duplexing for high CF CF availability D   ata sharing architecture Data –  Data and logs accessible by every member –  GPFS technology 15 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 9. GPFS: General Parallel File System P   rovides file system services to parallel and serial applications running on multiple nodes A   llows parallel applications simultaneous access to the same files, or different files, from any node that has the GPFS file system E   ach node that has a GPFS file system mounted must be able to communicate with all storage devices that are part of this file system R   equisite for DB2 pureScale I  nstallation does configure but doesn’t install GPFS 2   migration paths based on current GPFS use or not M   ore information: –  GPFS V3.1 Advanced Administration Guide, SC23-5182-00 –  GPFS V3.1 Administration and Programming Reference, SA23-2221-00 –  GPFS V3.1 Concepts, Planning, and Installation Guide, GA76-0413-00 16 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be CS: DB2 Cluster Services I  ntegrated DB2 component S   ingle install as part of DB2 installation U   pgrades and maintenance through DB2 fixpacks D   B2 Cluster Services: –  Reliable Scalable Cluster Technology CS –  Tivoli Systems Automation for Multi-Platforms –  IBM General Parallel File System –  DB2 CS tightly integrates these IBM products into DB2 pureScale –  DB2 instance creation creates RSCT and GPFS domains across hosts Cluster Manager (RSCT) Cluster Automation (Tivoli SA MP) –  Single command used to add hosts to the instance: GPFS db2iupdt –add -m newhost.toto.be db2inst1 –  Install includes DB2, PowerHA pureScale and DB2 Cluster Services 17 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 10. Members A   member is a DB2 engine address space –  i.e. Db2sysc process and its threads M   embers share data –  All members access the same shared database –  Logs are individual per DB2 but accessible to all the members Member 0 Member 1 E   ach member has own structures: db2sysc process db2sysc process –  Bufferpools db2 agents & db2 agents & other threads other threads –  Memory regions –  Log files heaps heaps M   embers are logical: buggerpools buggerpools –  Can implement 1 per host ! recommended –  Can implement >1 per host ! not recommended A   ll members are at the same software level A   dd / remove members using db2iupdt 18 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be InfiniBand H   igh speed and low latency network transport protocol used to connect system nodes in HPC and Large Enterprise Servers F   abric architecture supporting up to –  40Gb/s host connectivity and –  120Gb/s switch to switch links –  measured delays of 1!s end to end P   rovides direct support of Remote Direct Memory Access P   roblem: Network CPU limits CPU bound applications’ throughput Receiving host Network adapter Memory Chipset CPU Memory-copy flow S   olution: InfiniBand adapters + RDMA provides zero-copy functionality 19 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 11. InfiniBand and RDMA R   DMA: –  A direct memory access from the memory of one computer into that of another without involving either one's operating system –  Bypasses the kernel interactions and IP stack on the server allowing the access to take place without interrupting the processing of the CPU Memory Chipset CPU Network Sending host adapter Receiving host Network adapter Memory Chipset CPU Zero-copy flow L   ess than 10 µS between any two elements without involving the CPU in the network data transfer 20 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be powerHA pureScale S   oftware implementation of System z Parallel Sysplex & Coupling Facility technology A   ssists in global bufferpool coherency management and global locking S   ervices provided include: –  Group Bufferpool (GBP) –  Global Lock Management (GLM) –  Shared Communication Area (SCA) S   ynchronous duplexing of structures to GBP GLMCF SCA CF GBP GLM SCA primary and secondary CF –  Done by members –  Optional but highly recommended –  Set up automatically by default Primary Secondary 21 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 12. The role of the GBP A   cts as fast disk cache –  Dirty pages stored in GBP ! later written to disk –  Provides fast retrieval of such pages when DB2 DB2 needed ! hot pages available without disk I/O bufferpool bufferpool –  RDMA and dedicated thread allows read page Update page operations in 10s of µS I  ncludes a page registry –  Keeps track of what pages are buffered in each Read member and at what memory address page ”Silent” Write page invalidation –  Used for fast “silent” invalidation of such pages when they are written to the GBP ! no CPU cycles on impacted members GBP GLM SCA F   ORCE-AT-COMMIT (FAC) protocol CF –  DB2 forces writes of updates pages to the GBP at COMMIT, or before –  GBP synchronously invalidates any copies of Page registry such pages on other members –  New references to the page on other members will retrieve a new copy from the GBP –  In progress references to the page can continue 22 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be The role of the GLM G   rants locks to members upon request –  If not already held by another member, or held in a compatible mode DB2 DB2 Lock Mgr Lock Mgr M   aintains global lock state Update page bufferpool bufferpool –  Which member has what lock, in what mode Read –  Interest list of pending lock requests for page each lock ”Silent” Write page invalidation G   rants pending lock requests when available GBP GLM SCA –  Using asynchronous notification CF W   hen a member owns a lock it may grant further locally Page L   ock avoidance registry –  DB2 avoids lock request when log Global sequence number in page header indicates lock state no update on the page could be committed 23 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 13. Client connectivity and Workload Balancing R   untime load information used to balance load across members –  Load information of all members kept on each member –  Information sent to the client regularly –  Support for transaction level routing for selected SQL F   ailover: load of failed member evenly distributed to other members F   allback: once the failed member is back ! inverse process O   ptional affinity to host: set via client configuration 24 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Adding capacity I  nitial installation –  DBA verifies pre-requisites: AIX, hosts on the network, access to shared disks enabled, etc –  DBA copies the pureScale install image to the Install Initiating Host –  DB2 installs the code on the specified hosts using a response file –  DB2 creates the instance, members and CFs as directed via GUI –  DB2 adds all members, CFs, hosts, HCA cards, etc. to the domain resources –  DB2 creates the cluster file system and sets up each member’s access to it A   dd a member –  DBA verifies pre-requisite for new host –  DBA adds the member db2iupdt –add –m <MemHostName> InstName –  DB2 does all tasks to add the member to the cluster: •  Copies the image and response file to new member •  Runs install •  Adds new member to the resources for the instance •  Sets up access to the cluster file system for new member A   lso possible: –  Drop member –  Add / drop CF 25 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 14. Stealth System Maintenance G   oal: –  Allow DBAs to apply system maintenance without negotiating an outage windows ! P   rocedure: –  Quiesce the member –  Remove and maintain –  Re-integrate ! –  Repeat until done M   inimize the Impact of Planned Outages K   eep the system up –  During OS fixes –  HW updates –  Administration 26 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Member / CF Failure R   estart “light” –  Software failure ! Member restarted on Home host –  Hardware failure ! Member restarted on ! guest host O   nline recovery: –  Automated failure detection and recovery : about seconds –  Redistribute workload to surviving nodes immediately ! P –  Only data IN FLIGHT in failing member remains locked during automated recovery   rimary PowerHA pureScale Failure –  Secondary CF assumes primary role with no or minimal impact on application RT 27 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 15. Single failures summary Other members Automatic & Failure remain online? transparent? ! " " ! " " " " ! 28 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Multiple failures summary Other members Automatic & Failure remain online? transparent? ! ! " " ! ! ! " " ! ! " " ! 29 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 16. Monitoring S   upport of PE expected for 1st / 2nd quarter 2010 C   ommands: > db2start 12/13/2009 09:52:59 0 0 SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful. 12/13/2009 09:53:00 1 0 SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful. 12/13/2009 09:53:01 2 0 SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful. 12/13/2008 09:53:01 3 0 SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful. SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful. > db2instance -list ID TYPE STATE HOME_HOST CURRENT_HOST ALERT 0 MEMBER STARTED host0 host0 NO 1 MEMBER STARTED host1 host1 NO 2 MEMBER STARTED host2 host2 NO 3 MEMBER STARTED host3 host3 NO 4 CF PRIMARY host4 host4 NO 5 CF PEER host5 host5 NO 30 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Final thoughts and Conclusions 31 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 17. Agenda P   URESCALE AT A GLANCE –  GOALS –  ARCHITECTURE H   OW IT WORKS –  TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTS –  CAPACITY –  AVAILABILITY C   ONCLUSIONS & SUMMARY 32 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be Conclusions & summary D   B2 for z/OS Data Sharing leveraged into DB2 AIX –  State of the art high availability option –  Unique scalability features D   esigned to be a better option than ORACLE RAC D   BA friendly A   pplication friendly F   urther hardware and software support in the future 33 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be
  • 18. cristian@molaro.be THANKS! 34 © 2009 cristian@molaro.be