Development and Testing of a Conceptual Framework for Asking about Intoxication
•
1 gostou•589 visualizações
This document summarizes research on developing a new approach to measuring intoxication levels in surveys. Through qualitative research, the study identified different terms used to describe stages of intoxication. It then tested a quantitative survey approach where participants rated intoxication behaviors on a scale and chose their own term for "losing balance." Results showed people understood and were comfortable with this approach, seeing it as better than using predetermined terms. The research aims to develop more valid measures of perceptions around intoxication to help shift alcohol culture. Limitations include the small qualitative sample size.
Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Destaque
Destaque (15)
Semelhante a Development and Testing of a Conceptual Framework for Asking about Intoxication
Semelhante a Development and Testing of a Conceptual Framework for Asking about Intoxication (20)
Último
Último (20)
Development and Testing of a Conceptual Framework for Asking about Intoxication
- 1. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASKING ABOUT INTOXICATION: A MIXED METHODS APPROACH Presentation at the ACSPRI 2014 Social Science Methodology Conference, Sydney 10 Dec 2014 Dr Nina Van Dyke Director, Social Research Group
- 2. Long term goal Initial focus Target Objective This paper The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 2 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
- 3. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 3 EXAMPLES OF EXTANT SURVEY QUESTIONS To what extent do you agree with the following statement – ‘It’s ok to get drunk’? (2009 Victorian Youth Alcohol and Drug Survey) How often on an occasion that you drink alcohol do you intend to get drunk? (Victorian Secondary School Students’ Use of Licit and Illicit Substances in 2011) How many times, if any, have you had the following number of alcoholic drinks on any one occasion when you have been drinking in the last 2 weeks? (11 or more; 7-10; 5-6) (Victorian Secondary School Students’ Use of Licit and Illicit Substances in 2011)
- 4. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 4 OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY Literature review Integrated groups Telephone survey
- 5. 5The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
- 6. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 6 INTEGRATED GROUPS Qualitative Research
- 7. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 7 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH FINDINGS “I know I’ve had enough when I start slurring my words” [behaviour not consumption] “I’m a one pot screamer but my friend can drink like a fish” [consumption not accurate] “Call it tipsy, drunk or smashed – I’ll still have a hangover tomorrow” [different terms used] “Young people say they’re smashed when I’d say they were just a bit drunk” [terms differ by age group] “So you start out getting tipsy and then get loud & excited, slur your words, start losing your balance and so on” [stages of intoxication]
- 8. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 8 STAGES OF INTOXICATION Stage 1: Start to feel warm or flushed - most still able to drive [Tipsy – Happy] Stage 2: Have more energy/confidence - more chatty/excitable/loud [Excited – Drunk] Stage 3: May slur words, stumble or spill drinks - limited inhibitions [Drunk – Pissed] Stage 4: More prone to aggression/ emotional - actions may lead to regret [Pissed – Smashed – Trashed – Shitfaced] Stage 5: Unconscious/passed out - unable to stand/speak - vomiting [Blind – Wasted – Passed out]
- 9. 9The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
- 10. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 10 SURVEY OVERVIEW o N= 1,392 o Age 16+ o Victoria o Interview length = 23.1 minutes o Response rate = 19.1% (completed/ potentially in-scope; RDD landline & mobile) SECTION TOPIC 1 Introduction/respondent selection 2 Alcohol attitudes and beliefs 3 Alcohol at events 4 Non-drinking 5 Own consumption 6 Definition of intoxication 7 Attitudes towards intoxication 8 Perception of others’ alcohol consumption and behaviours 9 Demographics
- 11. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 11 QUANT – NEW APPROACH TO ASKING ABOUT INTOXICATION Rate intoxication behaviours on 0 to 10 scale •On a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 means SOBER and 10 means PASSED OUT, how would you rate a person who’s… (READ OUT) •Starting to feel relaxed •Losing their inhibitions •Getting excited and noisy •Starting to slur their speech •Losing their balance •Head is spinning •Vomiting Choose own term for losing balance •You gave “losing balance” a rating of (INSERT NUMBER FROM SCALE) on that scale where 0 means SOBER and 10 means PASSED OUT. •What word would you use to describe this level of intoxication? In other words, if someone has drunk enough alcohol to be losing their balance, would you refer to them as ‘drunk’, ‘smashed’, ‘tipsy’, ‘pissed’, ‘wasted’, ‘inebriated’, ‘hammered’…or what word would you use? •RECORD TERM USED FOR LOSING BALANCE Answer acceptability of intoxication using chosen term •Getting [INSERT TERM USED FOR LOSING BALANCE] every now and then is not a problem. Do you… (READ OUT) •Strongly agree •Agree •(Neither agree nor disagree) •Disagree •Strongly disagree •(Don’t know) •(Refused)
- 12. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 12 RESULTS OF COGNITIVE TESTING • Understood and were comfortable • Better than asking about consumption • Better than using pre- determined terms such as ‘drunk’ or ‘intoxicated’
- 13. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 13 HOW WERE INTOXICATED BEHAVIOURS RATED? Sober Feeling relaxed Losing inhibitions Excited and noisy Slurred speech Head spinning Losing balance Vomiting Passed out
- 14. 14The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) DISCUSSION
- 15. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 15 DISCUSSION – NEED FOR MEASURES Shift the alcohol culture in Victoria Important component is broad acceptability of intoxication Needs (NEW) simple, accurate, valid measures Understand how Victorians think/talk about intoxication Use this information to develop quantitative measures
- 16. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 16 DISCUSSION –NEW APPROACH Rate intoxication behaviours Provide term for ‘losing balance’ Insert term into questions about acceptability of intoxication This approach anchors personal perceptions of intoxication to an objectively identifiable behaviour consistently associated with a particular (high) level of intoxication.
- 17. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 17 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH Small sample size in qualitative component (67 participants of whom only 4 were 30 yrs+) Additional research to compare new versus traditional approach / measures Just 2 Victorian locations (Melbourne & Ballarat)
- 18. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 18 CONCLUSIONS ‘Alcohol culture’ is complex One important aspect is acceptance of intoxication Valid and reliable measures are needed We believe our new approach is superior to traditional approaches
- 19. The Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions Pty. Ltd.) 19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the support of: • Victorian Law Enforcement Development Fund (VLEDF) • Victorian Department of Health • Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) Dr Nina Van Dyke Social Research Group (a division of Market Solutions) nvandyke@marketsolutions.com.au
Notas do Editor
- LONG TERM GOAL: Promote healthier attitudes to drinking and intoxicated behaviour INITIAL FOCUS: Enact an alcohol cultural change program TARGET: Framing and encouraging a healthy drinking culture among young people aged 16-29 years OBJECTIVE: To identify and develop indicators of alcohol culture among those aged 16-29 THIS PAPER: Development of a new approach to measuring acceptability of intoxication
- Current questions around intoxication and acceptability of intoxication: (a) ask about consumption; (b) provide a term such as ‘drunk’ or ‘intoxicated’ To what extent do you agree with the following statement - It’s ok to get drunk’ (2009 Victorian Youth Alcohol and Drug Survey) How often on an occasion that you drink alcohol do you intend to get drunk? (Victorian Secondary School Students’ Use of Licit and Illicit Substances in 2011) How many times, if any, have you had the following number of alcoholic drinks on any one occasion when you have been drinking in the last 2 weeks? (11 or more; 7-10; 5-6) (Victorian Secondary Scholl Students’ Use of Licit and Illicit Substances in 2011)
- 1. People discuss intoxication in terms of behaviours rather than consumption. 2. People believe consumption is a less accurate indicator of an individual’s level of intoxication than behaviours because amounts of alcohol affect people differently. 3. People use a given term for intoxication to mean quite different levels of intoxication and behaviours. 4. In particular, people of different ages and drinking attitudes use the same term to mean quite different levels of intoxication and behaviours. 5. People generally agree on stages of intoxication as described by different behaviours.
- STAGE 1 Early stages of intoxication Start to feel warm or flushed Most still able to drive STAGE 2 Some signs of intoxication but still largely in control of actions Have more energy/confidence More chatty/excitable/loud STAGE 3 Level of intoxication more obvious/ not able to hide it May slur words, stumble or spill drinks Limited inhibitions/ more likely to take risks STAGE 4 Lacking control/no inhibitions More prone to aggressive/emotional behaviour Actions may lead to regret/embarrassment STAGE 5 Unconscious/passed out Unable to stand/speak Vomiting
- Based the topics on lit review and qual -- procedure Based the actual questions of previously validated Qs where possible, and also qual Had to drop a lot of Qs (final length: 23 min) Cog interviews (n=8/2) & Pilot testing (n=25/25) Sec 1: landline: next birthday but preferenced by age category Sec 2: (3 Qs) – extent to which alcohol is a positive social lubricant Sec 3: (2 multi-part Qs) – extent to which alcohol is expected at common events. Found that drinking attitudes and behaviours was event-specific -- how likely important part of event (Sec 3) -- how disappointed if no alcohol (Sec 3) -- usual level of intoxication at events (Sec 7) -- acceptability of intoxication (Sec 7) Events were chosen based on groups and pilot testing. Looked for common events most people would have attended with a range of alcohol expectations. Party at a friend’s house Child’s bday party BBQ at respondent’s place School event Sporting event Out at pub, bar, club Sec 4 (4 Qs): Extent to which non-drinking is acceptable. Can have a good time at a party/ feel obliged to drink Sec 5 (11 Qs used to create 2 vars): Need to include but not focus / have lots of data Sec 6 (1 Q): (will discuss) Sec 7 (10 Qs): a major focus Sec 8 (3 Qs): friends / Victorians (drink/get intoxicated 1x/wk+) Sec 9 (9 Qs): for analysis
- Based the topics on lit review and qual -- procedure Based the actual questions of previously validated Qs where possible, and also qual Had to drop a lot of Qs (final length: 23 min) Cog interviews (n=8/2) & Pilot testing (n=25/25) Sec 1: landline: next birthday but preferenced by age category Sec 2: (3 Qs) – extent to which alcohol is a positive social lubricant Sec 3: (2 multi-part Qs) – extent to which alcohol is expected at common events. Found that drinking attitudes and behaviours was event-specific -- how likely important part of event (Sec 3) -- how disappointed if no alcohol (Sec 3) -- usual level of intoxication at events (Sec 7) -- acceptability of intoxication (Sec 7) Events were chosen based on groups and pilot testing. Looked for common events most people would have attended with a range of alcohol expectations. Party at a friend’s house Child’s bday party BBQ at respondent’s place School event Sporting event Out at pub, bar, club Sec 4 (4 Qs): Extent to which non-drinking is acceptable. Can have a good time at a party/ feel obliged to drink Sec 5 (11 Qs used to create 2 vars): Need to include but not focus / have lots of data Sec 6 (1 Q): (will discuss) Sec 7 (10 Qs): a major focus Sec 8 (3 Qs): friends / Victorians (drink/get intoxicated 1x/wk+) Sec 9 (9 Qs): for analysis
- Understood/comfortable with questions/this approach Believed a better approach to asking about intoxication than: Asking about consumption Using provided terms such as ‘drunk’ or ‘intoxicated’
- VicHealth wants to shift the alcohol culture in Victoria VicHealth has determined that an important component of this culture is broad acceptability of intoxication VicHealth therefore needs simple, accurate, valid measures of intoxication / acceptability of intoxication Current measure are inadequate We conducted mixed-methods research in order to: Understand how Victorians think/talk about intoxication Use this information to develop quantitative measures
- Result: a 3-stage process: Rate intoxication behaviours on an 11-point scale Provide a term for the behaviour, ‘losing their balance’ Answer questions about intoxication using this chosen term This approach anchors personal perceptions of intoxication to an objectively identifiable behaviour consistently associated with a particular (high) level of intoxication.
- Qualitative component with 67 participants in two locations within Victoria Only 4 participants aged 30+ Additional research to compare new versus traditional approach/measures
- Concept of ‘alcohol culture’ is complex VicHealth has determined that one important aspect of the alcohol culture in Victoria is the widespread acceptance of intoxication In order to measure this aspect, valid and reliable measures are needed We propose that this new approach is superior to traditional approaches
- Concept of ‘alcohol culture’ is complex VicHealth has determined that one important aspect of the alcohol culture in Victoria is the widespread acceptance of intoxication In order to measure this aspect, valid and reliable measures are needed We propose that this new approach is superior to traditional approaches